Anti-proliferation of methanol extract of Curcuma rhizome on oral squamous cell carcinoma (KB) and osteosarcoma (HOS) cells were investigated. In order to elucidate the involvement of telomerase inhibitory activity as a part of anti-proliferative effect of Curcuma rhizome on cancer cells, we measured telomerase activity in Curcuma rhizome extract-treated cancer cells. The concentration inhibited cell proliferation to 50% (IC50)of the methanol extract of Curcuma rhizome against oral squamous cell carcinoma (KB) cells and osteosarcoma (HOS) cells were 21.30 μg/mℓ and 39.3μg/mℓ respectively. The methanol extract of Curcuma rhizome showed inhibitory telomerase inhibitory effect which is required for cancer cell immortality. Therefore, it seems that the anticancer effect of methanol extract of Curcuma rhizome is at least partially due to telomerase inhibitory effect. Five fraction samples were prepared according to its polarity differences and analyzed anti-proliferative effects of each fraction samples on oral squamous cell carcinoma and osteosarcoma cells. Anticancer effect was observed in dichloromethane, and ethylacetate fractions. The highest anticancer effect was found in dichloromethane fraction which had IC50value of 23.3 μg/mℓ and 10.5μg/mℓ against oral squamous cell carcinoma (KB) cells and osteosarcoma (HOS) cells, respectively.

The purpose of the present study was to examine the nutrient intake status of elderly dementia patients. We surveyed the dietary intake of 50 demented elderly patients receiving a regular diet, who were hospitalized in a geriatric hospital in Yongin, Gyeonggi-do. The average age of the subjects was 79.6 土6.5 for the males and 80.5 土6.3 for the females. The average heights were 169.5 土6.0 cm (males) and 154.6 土5.2 cm (females), and the average weights were 58.5 土7.4 (males) and 51.7 土8.9 kg (females). Depending on the type of dementia, the male patients showed significant differences in their intakes of vegetable protein, fiber, total iron, and non-heme iron between the Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and the vascular dementia (VD) groups, and the female patients showed significant differences in their intakes of total protein, phosphorus, zinc, and vitamin B6 between the two groups. The male patients showed significant differences in their intakes of animal-source calcium and carotene according to ability to self-feed. According to physical activity, the male patients showed significant differences in vegetable fat and vitamin A intake, and the females showed significant differences in their intakes of total protein, animal protein, fiber, ash, total calcium, vegetable-source calcium, animal-source calcium, phosphorous, total iron, non-heme iron, heme iron, sodium, vitamins B1, B2, B6, niacin, vitamin C, folate, and potassium. We found that the patients consumed excessive protein, but low amounts of calcium, vitamin B2, and folate. Also, the patients’ physical activity abilities appeared to affect their nutrient intakes.

Physicochemical qualities and consumer acceptability of chocolate layer cake were studied with varied levels of rosemary powder at 0, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6%. The ash content of the cake increased from 2.30 to 3.10%, as the amount of rosemary powder increased from 0 to 0.6%, and the carbohydrate content of the cake decreased as the addition of rosemary powder increased. There were no significant differences in moisture contents and pH values among the samples and the pH values of all samples were within the typical pH range of 7.5-8.0 for chocolate， layer cakes. Water loss from the control cake was greater than that from the cakes with rosemary powder supporting the suggestion that the addition of rosemary powder to the chocolate layer cake could increase moisture retention of the cake. Consumer acceptability of all the samples showed higher prefierences of more than 7 points. Rosemary aroma, mint flavor and after taste were highly positively corrεlated with the fat content. Fat and ash content of the cake, which tended to increase in proportion to the rosemary powder content， were negatively correlated with acceptance of herb flavor, sweet taste, moistness， softness and intensity of softness but positivεly correlated with intensity of herb flavor. With the results above, trials on chocolate layer cake using rosemary powder were successfully performed within the ranges tested.

This study was to taken to demonstrate the effects of exogenous nitric oxide(NO) on hu rnan pu lp cell s ‘ In volvement of cyclic 3’, 5' -monophosphate(cGMP) in p버 paJ protection induced by herne oxygenase-l (J-lO-l) against NO-induced cytotoxicity , By use of Western blotting and cell viabi lity assay, we have examined the cytotoxicity and J-lO-l induction in pulp cells that were treated with NO donor ‘ S-nitroso-N-acetyl-D, L-penici 1 lamine(SNAP) , We have assessed wheathel' HQ--l contributes the cytoprotective effect against the cytotoxicity caused by NO, and inves tigated the l'elationship between HO-l and cGMP in the s ignaling pathway, SNAP decreased cell via bility but in creased HO-l expl'ession in a concentl'ation- and time一dependent manner in hurnan pu lp cells NO-induced cyto toxicity was inhibited in the presence of the hemin(inducer of HO-l) , whel'eas was en hanced in the pl'esence zinc protoporphyrin IX(ZnPP IX, HO-l inhibitor), thus Lhe NO-induced cytoLoxicity was cOl'related with HO- l expression. R‘ etreatment with a rnemhrane-permeable cGMP analog, 8-bromo-cGMP, restored cell death and enhanced the HO-l protein expression induced by SNAP, ln contrast‘ inhibition of guanylate cyclase by lI-l -[1,2,4] ox adiazole[ 4,3 口]quinoxalin-l-one(ODQ) pretreated pulp cells to 1 mM SNAP resulting in marked cytotoxicity , These findings , demonstrating a link between J-lO-l, regulated thl'ough the cGMP system and NO-induced cytotox.icity in huma띠 p버 p ceJls , suggesti ng a protective 1'ole of HO-l in pulp infl ammatory disease

Fermented halla gold kiwifruit (FHK) was prepared with Lactobacillus plantarum CK10, a bacterium derived from kimchi. We investigated the quality characteristics and antioxidative activity of madeleine added with FHK. The madeleine dough was prepared by mixing flour, sugar, baking powder, and then followed by adding salt, rum, different amount of the FHK (0, 1, and 3%) and butter. The total titratable acidity of madeleine increased significantly with the amounts of added FHK (p<0.05), while the pH value and total soluble solids showed the reverse trend. The color of madeleine became substantially redder with increasing amounts of FHK (p<0.05), and it appeared darker and less yellow at the same time. The total polyphenol contents of madeleines increased significantly with increasing amounts of FHK (p<0.05), but there was little difference in the total flavonoid content. When the antioxidant activities were measured in terms of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)- and 2,2’-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline- 6-sulfonic acid-diammonium salt (ABTS)- radical scavenging, both measured activities of madeleines increased dramatically with added FHK in a dose-dependent manner. Our results suggested that the acidity, color, polyphenol content, and antioxidant activities of madeleines can be improved by adding the fermented gold kiwifruit.

Platycodon grandiflorum (Bell flower) is an important plant that has traditionally been used as herbal medicine for the treatment of cough, phlegm, sore throats, lung abscesses, chest pains, dysuria, and dysentery. The present study was initiated to investigate the feasibility of inducing shoot and root organogenesis in cultured explants of P. grandiflorum in a range of culture media and through use of various plant growth regulators (PGRs). The plantlets (Stem containing one node) were isolated and cultured on different concentrations of Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with PGRs. We found that proliferation and elongation of shoots and roots could be achieved on ¼ MS for P. grandiflorum with wild and green petals and on ⅛ MS for P. grandiflorum with double petals. The highest levels of development and elongation of adventitious shoots and roots were observed when petal explants were cultured on ¼ MS (pH 3.8) supplemented with 5% sucrose. Increasing the agar concentration reduced shoot growth and rooting potential; nevertheless, the highest number of shoots and roots was observed on 0.6% agar. In the case of growth regulators, ¼ MS supplemented with 1 mg L-1 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) was found to be best for shooting, although higher concentrations of BA tended to reduce shoot and root elongation. The highest number of shoots was achieved on 0.5 mg ․ L-1 thidiazuron (TDZ) from double petal explants grown on ⅛ MS. However, root and shoot elongation were found to decrease when TDZ concentrations were increased. Low concentrations of kinetin, naphthalene acetic acid, indole acetic acid, and 3-indole butyric acid induced shoot and root proliferation and elongation. Taken together, our study showed that low concentrations of PGRs induced the greatest root formation and elongation, showing that the optimal concentration of PGRs for shoot proliferation was species-dependent.

Background : Despite the presence of various bioactive compounds in ginseng, there is lack of study on the variations of bioactive compounds in ginseng according to the cultivation of soil and the applied fertilizer types (or amount). Therefore, this study aims to examine the variations of 37 fatty acids (FA) and 8 vitamin E (Vit-E) vitamers in 6-year-old ginseng root cultivated in different soil types with different fertilizers regimes. Methods and Results : The profiling of 37 FAs and 8 Vit-E vitamers in 6-year-old ginseng roots was measured by gas chromatography coupled with a flame ionization detector, and then these results were statistically analyzed with chemometrics. The FA and Vit-E content in ginseng roots varied significantly with respect to soil cultivation conditions due to organic fertilizer types and amounts used. Unsaturated FA in ginseng is approximately 2.7 fold higher than the saturated FA. Linoleic, palmitic, and oleic acids were the most abundant FAs found in the ginseng roots. Also, the major Vit-E vitamer found in ginseng root is α -tocopherol. In particular, the application of rice straw compost or food waste fertilizer was increased to create nutritionally-desirable FAs and bioactive Vit-E in ginseng root. In addition, phytonutrient profiling coupled with chemometrics can be used to discriminate the cultivation conditions of ginseng. Conclusion : This preliminary study extends our understanding about the variations of FA and Vit-E in ginseng root depending on cultivation conditions. Hence, these results can be useful as basic information for reliable ginseng production containing high amounts of phytonutrients in a paddy-converted field.

절화 백합‘Siberia’의 수확 후 수명 연장과 품질 향상을 위해 1-MCP의 효과적인 처리 농도, 시간 및 온도를 구명하기 위해 수행하였다. 개화 단계는 모든 처리별 5°C처리가 개화지연 효과가 가장 좋았으며, 특히 5°C조건에서 1.5mg·L-1 1-MCP를 1시간 처리시 다른 처리구에 비해 개화 단계가 지연되었다. 잎의 엽록소 함량은 모든 처리구가 대조구보다 다소 높은 엽록소 함량을 유지하였으며, 5°C조건에서 1.5mg·L-1 1-MCP를 1시간 처리시 높은 함량을 나타내었다. 생체중은 대조구가 5일부터 감소되는 반면 5°C 조건에서 1.5mg·L-1 1-MCP 전처리를 1시간동안 하였을 때 11일까지 증가되었다. 수분흡수량에서는 대조구가 실험 종료일까지 꾸준하게 감소하는 반면 15°C조건에서 3.0mg·L-1 1-MCP를 0.5시간 처리시 가장 높은 흡수량을 나타내었다. 수분균형은 무처리시 7일부터 (-)값으로 급격히 떨어지는데 비해 대부분의 1-MCP 처리구는 9일부터 서서히 (-)값으로 떨어지고, 특히 5°C조건에서 1.5mg·L-1 1-MCP 1시간 처리구는 11일까지 유일하게 (+)값을 유지하는 결과를 나타내었다. 각 전처리별 조사 초기 색상 변화에서는 5°C조건에서 3.0mg·L-1 1-MCP를 0.5시간 처리시 녹색값이 비교적 높게 유지되었으며, 절화수명 및 절화 품질에 있어서는 5°C조건에서 1.5mg·L-1 1-MCP를 1시간 처리시 19일로 가장 연장되는 효과를 나타내었다. 박테리아 발생량은 5°C조건에서 1.5와 3.0mg·L-1 1-MCP를 1시간 처리시 가장 낮은 발생량을 나타내었다. 에틸렌 발생량 및 호흡률은 대조구보다 낮은 발생량을 나타내었으며, 특히 15°C조건에서 3.0mg·L-1 1-MCP를 1시간 처리시 다른 처리에 비해 낮은 양상을 나타내었다. 이상의 결과를 종합적으로 고찰해보면 5°C조건에서 1.5mg·L-1 1-MCP를 1시간 처리시 도관의 미생물 발생 억제 효과가 지속적으로 작용하여 수분 흡수가 원활히 이루어짐으로써 수확 후 절화 백합의 선도유지 및 품질에 매우 효과적임을 알 수 있었고, 수출저장유통 과정 중에 상용적인 기술로 사용 가능함을 제시 할 수 있었다.

This study was performed to investigate the growth characteristics and inorganic components of Codonopsis lanceolata regarding regional differences. The plant height of Japanese Codonopsis lanceolata was 373.6 cm, so it’s revealed that it has more vigorous growth than Korean won. The flowering time of Korean Codonopsis lanceolata was 2 weeks faster than Japanese one. Total fresh weight of root was 41.0 g and 39.0 g for Korean and Japanese respectively, thus, no significance difference was found. However, regarding fresh weight, Korean one had a more fresh weight (35.4 g) of main root parts, but Japanese one had a more fresh weight (9.6 g) of the lateral root part. Each inorganic component was found more in the aboveground parts, regardless of the region and the content of K was the largest. Regarding the content of macroelements for each part of Codonopsis lanceolata, the content of Na, Mg, P, S, and Ca in Korean Codonopsis lanceolata was found the highest on the leaf, followed by stem and root. In the case of Japanese Codonopsis lanceolata, same result was found on the content of Mg and Ca, however, the highest content of Na and P was found in the stem.

This study was conducted to compare the growth, inorganic components, and proximate components of Codonopsis lanceolata grown in 10 regions of Korea for selecting superior species and breeding by crossing. Among the all tested lines, the shortest plant height (217.12 cm) was observed from the Ulleungdo region line (No. 4) while the longest (273.9 cm) was observed from Hwasun region line (No. 9). In addition, the lines of central and northern region (No. 1~No. 7) tend to have shorter plant height than those of southern region (No. 8~No. 9) except Jejudo region line (No. 10). Flowering tends to be late towards southern region, and lines in central and northern regions were started flowering about 2 weeks earlier than those in southern regions. However, the heaviest root weight was 13.1 g, found in only Jejudo line (No. 10) whereas there was no significant difference found in the other regions which have a range of 8.3~11.0 g. The inorganic components were varied in each line, however, proportion of macroelements, such as K, Ca, and P, was the largest for every line. Especially for Heongseong region line (No. 2), had larger proportion of macroelements than the others. There was a difference of proximate compositions of Codonopsis lanceolata, except the moisture content, among all regions, however, it was generally shown that the content of crude protein (1.31~3.76%) and crude fiber (2.18~3.12%) was the highest.

꽃게 조미소재, 야채, 천연조미료 등을 활용하면서, 편의 성을 부여하기 위하여 꽃게풍미 볶음밥을 제조하였다. 꽃 게풍미 볶음밥의 저장 중 품질변화를 조사하기 위해 –20, 4, 25℃에서 6주 동안 저장하면서 pH, 산도, 총균수, TBA, VBN, 관능적 기호도를 조사하였으며, 총균수 결과를 활용 하여 볶음밥의 유통 기한을 예측하였다. pH 변화를 조사한 결과, -20℃에 저장된 볶음밥의 경우 저장 0주째 pH는 7.74 이었고 저장 6주에는 pH 7.76으로 나타나 저장 중 변화가 거의 없는 것으로 나타났다. 적정산도를 조사한 결과, -20℃ 에 저장된 볶음밥의 경우 저장 0주째에 0.4%이었고 저장 6주에는 0.4%로 거의 변화가 없었다. 반면, 4℃ 와 25℃ 의 저장 6주에는 각각 2.7%, 4.6%의 수준으로 나타났다. TBA 값을 측정한 결과, -20℃에 저장한 볶음밥의 경우 저장 0주째 1.07 μg/g이었고, 저장 6주까지 1.39 μg/g으로 나타나 저장 중 다소 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 휘발성염기질소를 조사한 결과, -20℃에 저장된 볶음밥의 경우 저장 0주째에 26.60 mg%이었고, 저장 6주에는 28.14 mg%로 나타나 신선 도가 유지되는 것으로 사료되었다. 4℃와 25℃의 저장 6주 에는 각각 65.15 mg%, 68.00 mg% 수준으로 나타났다. 총균 수의 변화를 조사한 결과, -20℃ 저장된 볶음밥의 경우 저장 0주째 3.58 log CFU/g이었고 저장 6주째에는 4.11 log CFU/g으로 나타나 미생물변화는 안정적인 것으로 관찰되 었다. 관능적 기호도를 조사한 결과, -20℃에 저장된 볶음밥 의 경우 종합적 기호도의 변화를 보았을 때, 저장초기 7.8이 었고 6주째에는 6.7으로 나타나 저장 기간 동안 처리구 중 가장 높은 평가를 받았다. 25℃의 경우 저장초기 7.5이었으 나, 저장 6주째 1.0 수준의 평가를 받아 저장온도 및 저장기 간 동안 가장 낮은 평가를 받았다. 미생물 결과를 토대로 볶음밥의 유통기한을 예측한 결과, -20℃에 저장할 경우 14.9주, 4℃에서 저장할 경우 0.4주 인 것으로 각각 조사되었 다. 이상의 결과를 종합해 볼 때, 꽃게풍미 볶음밥은 -20℃에 서 저장하는 것이 미생물학적 및 관능적인 측면에서 저장성 이 좋을 것으로 사료되었고, 편의식품화로서의 이용 가능 성이 있을 것으로 생각되었다.

절화 국화 ‘백설’의 상온 및 5℃ 저장시 Promalin 50mg.L-1 처 리는 절화 후 초기 개화를 억제시키고 품질을 증진시키는 좋은 작 용을 함을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 효과는 상온 저장시 더욱 효과적이 었으며 상품성 손실과 관계되는 생체중 유지에 작용하여 선도유지 에 좋은 전처리제임을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 Promalin 50mg.L-1 분무 전처리는 절화 국화의 에틸렌 발생을 억제시키는 경향을 나타 내었으며 호흡급등형 패턴을 나타내고 있음을 알 수 있었다.

절화국화 ‘Yes Song'의 이산화염소 전처리가 선도유지 및 품질 을 조사하였다. 개화 단계는 대부분의 처리구에서 수확 후 8일까지 급속히 개화하였고, 특히 BA 25mg.L-1 + ClO2 5mg.L-1 + NaClO 200mg.L-1 처리구에서 비교적 선도가 유지되었다. 생체중 변화는 모든 처리구에서 5일까지 증가하였으나, 이후 감소하는 경향을 나 타내었고 BA 25mg.L-1 + ClO2 5mg.L-1 + NaClO 200mg.L-1 처리 구가 다른 처리에 비해 높은 생체중을 유지하였다. 수분 흡수량은 대부분의 처리구에서 5일까지 증가하다 이후 감소 추세를 보였으 며, 특히 ClO2 5mg.L-1 처리는 다른 처리구에 비해 현저히 증가하 였다. 수확 후 잎의 엽록소 함량은 BA 25mg.L-1 + ClO2 5mg.L-1 + NaClO 200mg.L-1 처리시 높은 수준을 유지하였다. 꽃잎의 화색변 화에서는 BA 25mg.L-1 처리시 화색변화를 가장 오래 지연시켰다. 에틸렌 발생량은 초기 3일째는 급속히 증가하다가 그후 비교적 완 만한 경향을 보였으며 처리별로는 BA 25mg.L-1 + ClO2 5mg.L-1 + NaClO 200mg.L-1 처리구에서 가장 적은 발생량을 나타내었으며, 절화 수명 및 절화 품질에 있어서도 BA 25mg.L-1 + ClO2 5mg.L-1 + NaClO 200mg.L-1 처리시 다른 처리에 비해 8일정도 증가되는 결과를 나타내었다. 이상의 결과를 종합적으로 고찰해보면 BA 25mg.L-1 + ClO2 5mg.L-1 + NaClO 200mg.L-1 처리구에서 도관 의 미생물 발생 억제 효과가 지속적으로 작용하여 수분 흡수가 원 활히 이루어짐으로써 수확 후 절화 국화의 선도유지 및 품질에 매 우 효과적임을 알 수 있었고, 수출저장유통 과정 중에 상용적인 기 술로 사용 가능함을 제시 할 수 있었다.

xBrassicoraphanus, a new synthetic intergeneric hybrid between Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis and Raphanus sativus L., also locally known as ‘Baemoochae’, is an interesting subject for studying polyploidy and genome plasticity in the family Brassicaceae, but very few genomic and cytogenetic information. Here, we analysed the chromosome complements and pairing of the most fertile lines, BB1 and BB5, using dual-color fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) to check their chromosomal segregation stability. The somatic chromosome complement of B. rapa was confirmed to be 2n=20 (2.8~4.8μm), of R.sativus, 2n=18 (2.0~3.3μm), and of xBrassicoraphanus, 2n=38 (2.2~5.0μm). There were eight, eight, and seventeen metacentric pairs and two, one, and two submetacentric pairs in B. rapa, R. sativus, and xBrassicoraphanus, respectively. Additionally, three, two, and five pairs of 5S rDNA and five, three, and eight pairs of 45S rDNA were observed in B. rapa, R. sativus, and xBrassicoraphanus, respectively. This suggests that both B. rapa (AA) and R. sativus (RR) genomes, particularly the rDNA arrays, co-exist in xBrassicoraphanus (AARR) genome. In meiosis I, nineteen bivalents were most frequent, and GISH analysis showed ten bivalents from the A genome. This study would provide a useful information for further genomic study of xBrassicoraphanus and its improvement as a new promising breeding variety.

Genome sequencing researches for considerable numbers of crops and wild plants are being developed. Cytogenetic researches according to chromosome number and size are essential to confirm and comprehend ploidy level and genome size before genome sequencing project is actually conducted. Cytogenetic researches on six food crop plants were carried out by DAPI staining and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) method. Fagopyrum esculentum Moench showed 2n=2x=16, each chromosome length of 1.42㎛ to 1.77㎛, total chromosome length of 13.31㎛, and karyotypic formula of 2n=8m; Phaseolus angularis W.F. Wight, 2n=2x=22, 2.01㎛ to 3.84㎛, total 28.03㎛, 2n=9m+2sm, Perilla frutescens var. japonica Hara, 2n=2x=40, 1.73㎛ to 2.76㎛, total 44.36㎛, 2n=5m+13sm+2st. Chromosome sizes of the other three species such as, Panicum miliaceum L., 2n=2x=36, total chromosome length of 30.83㎛, Sesamum indicum L., 2n=2x=26, 27.39㎛, lpomoea batatas L., 2n=2x=30, total 33.51㎛ were too small for each chromosome type to be identified and analyzed. The result of FISH analysis using 5S and 45S rDNA probe showed species-specific chromosome locations in the genome. These preliminary analyses were carried out to decide which food crop to prioritize for genome sequencing. This work was supported by the “Cooperative Research Program for Agriculture Science & Technology Development (No.PJ009837), Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea.

본 연구는 1999년 헝가리에서 수집한 고추 유전자원 35점을 평가하여 원예적 형질을 조사하고 유용한 자원을 선발하고자 실시하였다. 한국시판 대비 품종 ‘금당’과 ‘슈퍼비가림’과 비교했을 때 개화소요일은 거의 유사하였으며, 초장은 한국 품종이 평균 163cm이었으나 헝가리 자원은 133cm로 작게 조사되었다. 과형은 한국 품종과 유사한 sweet banana형이 83%로 가장 많았고, 소형은 cherry형이 14%였다. 과중은 대체로 한국 품종 25g에 비해 무거워 평균 34.7g이었다. ASTA 값은 100이상이 9자원이었으며, 당함량은 15% 이상이 4자원이었다. Capsaicinoids 함량은 10mg% 이하인 자원이 69%, 10~40mg%가 17%, 40mg% 이상은 14%로 대부분 매운맛 성분이 적은 자원이었다.

Genetically modified (GM) plant claims to be the solution to global poverty, and potentially solving environmental change and food requirement by increased human population. In this study, we were evaluating agronomic characteristics and chemical properties of two GM drought-tolerant rice (CaMsrB2-8 and CaMsrB2-23) compared with donor cultivars (Ilmi). Statistical analysis agronomic characteristics GM and donor rice showed no significant difference between both of them. Yield and appearance of rice grain, GM rice was a similar to the donor rice. Chemical composition analysis showed that GM drought-tolerant rice has no different with donor rice. This result indicated that GM drought tolerant rice has no big significant difference agronomic character and chemical properties; it can be solve food shortages in spite of drought condition.