본 연구에서는 부산대학교 천문대(Pusan National University Observatory; PNUO)의 0.5m 망원경을 이용해 외 계행성을 가진 것으로 알려진 항성 TOI-3653의 식현상을 관측한 결과를 제시한다. 관측은 협정세계시(UT) 기준 2 02 4 년 8월 12일 15시 2 8분부터 2 .2시간 동안 진행되었으며, 수집한 관측 데이터를 전처리한 뒤 TOI-3653의 주변 비교성 을 사용하여 비교 측광함으로써 광도 곡선을 얻을 수 있었다. 이렇게 얻은 광도 곡선을 EXOFAST 프로그램을 이용해 모형 맞추기한 결과, 우리가 관측한 식현상에서 약 1.7%의 감광이 발생했으며 이를 통해 모형 의존성이 존재하나 TOI- 3653이 목성의 3.15배 크기의 외계행성인 TOI-3653 b을 지니고 있다고 통계적으로 유의미( 2 = 1.08)하게 결론을 내릴 수 있었다. 본 결과는 PNUO 0.5 m 망원경이 외계행성 식현상에 따른 미세한 광도 변화를 감지할 수 있음을 보여주며, 향후 외계행성 연구에 유용한 관측 장비로 활용될 수 있음을 시사한다.

Springtails (class Collembola) play a crucial role in soil ecosystems. They are commonly used as standard species in soil toxicity assessments. According to the ISO 11267 guidelines established by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), Allonychiurus kimi uses adult survival and juvenile production as toxicity assessment endpoint. Conventional toxicity assessment methods require manually counting adults and larvae under a microscope after experiments, which is time-consuming and laborintensive. To overcome these limitations, this study developed a model using YOLOv8 to detect and count both adults and juveniles of A. kimi. An AI model was trained using a training dataset and evaluated using a validation dataset. Both training and validation datasets used for AI model were created by picturing plate images that included adults and larvae. Statistical comparison of validation dataset showed no significant difference between manual and automatic counts. Additionally, the model achieved high accuracies (Precision=1.0, Recall=0.95 for adults; Precision=0.95, Recall=0.83 for juveniles). This indicates that the model can successfully detect objects. Additionally, the system can automatically measure body areas of individuals, enabling more detailed assessments related to growth and development. Therefore, this study establishes that AI-based counting methods in toxicity assessments with offer high levels of accuracy and efficiency can effectively replace traditional manual counting methods. This method significantly enhances the efficiency of large-scale toxicity evaluations while reducing researcher workload.

Autonomous vehicle (AV) technology is rapidly entering the commercialization phase driven by advancements in artificial intelligence, sensor fusion, and communication-based vehicle control systems. Real-world road testing and pilot deployments are increasingly being conducted, both domestically and internationally. However, ensuring the safe operation of AVs on public roads requires not only technological advancement of the vehicle itself but also a thorough pre-evaluation of the road environments in which AVs are expected to operate. However, most previous studies have focused primarily on improving internal algorithms or sensor performance, with relatively limited efforts to quantitatively assess how the structural and physical characteristics of road environments affect AV driving safety. To address this gap, this study quantitatively evaluated the compatibility of road environments for AV operation and defined the road conditions under which AVs can drive safely. Three evaluation scenarios were designed by combining static factors such as curve radius and longitudinal gradient with dynamic factors such as level of service (LOS). Using the MORAI SIM autonomous driving simulator, we modeled the driving behaviors of autonomous vehicles and buses in a virtual environment. For each scenario, the minimum time to collision (mTTC) from the moment the AV sensors detected a lead vehicle was calculated to assess risk levels across different road conditions.The analysis revealed that sharper curves and lower service levels resulted in significantly increased risk. Autonomous buses exhibited a higher risk on downhill segments, autonomous vehicles were more vulnerable to uphill slopes and gradient transitions. The findings of this study can be applied to establish road design standards, develop pre-assessment systems for AV road compatibility, and improve AV route planning and navigation systems, thereby providing valuable implications for policy and infrastructure development.

감마-오리자놀(γ-oryzanol)은 phytochemical의 한 종류로 항산화, 항염증, 항암, 항당뇨, 콜레스테롤 감소 등의 효능이 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서는 현미를 백미로 도정할 때 부산물로 발생하는 미강으로부터 생리활성물질 중의 하나인 γ-oryzanol 함량이 높은 추출조건에서의 분말을 제조하고, 이를 쌀국수에 첨가하여 항산화성이 개선된 국수를 제조하고자 하였다. 미강을 에탄올 농도 0, 20, 40, 80%의 에탄올로 추출한 결과 80% 에탄올로 추출한 추출분말에서 γ-oryzanol 함량이 가장 높았으며, DPPH 소거능과 ABTS 소거능이 가장 높았다. 미강추출분말의 γ-oryzanol의 함량을 높이기 위하여 Saccharomyces cerevisiae로 미강을 고상발효시킨 후 80% 에탄올로 추출하여 동결건조시킨 분말의 γ-oryzanol의 함량은 발효시키지 않은 미강을 추출분말보다 약 2.18배 증가하였으며, DPPH 소거능 및 ABTS 소거능, 단백질분해효능이 증가하였다. 오리자놀 함량이 높은 미강추출 물을 쌀가루에 첨가하여 쌀국수를 제조한 결과 쌀국수의 경도, 탄력성, 씸힘성, 점착성 등이 증가하였으며, 쌀국수의 γ-oryzanol 함량, DPPH 소거능, ABTS 소거능 등이 증가하여 항산화 활성이 개선되었음을 확인하였다.

The aim of this study was to produce a fermented rice bran extract with enhanced ferulic acid γ-oryzanol contents and high antioxidant activities. The ferulic acid content in the freeze-dried extract of rice bran treated with plantase PT enzyme, increased by 4.1-fold compared to that of untreated sample, the DPPH radical scavenging activity also increased by 1.5-fold and 1.2-fold, respectively. The γ-oryzanol content of the dried powder prepared by inoculating Apergillus oryzae BOT1869 onto steamed rice bran for solid-state fermentation followed by extraction with 80% ethanol, increased 2.3-fold compared to that in an 80% ethanol extract powder of raw materials. The ABTS scavenging activity also increased 1.5-fold. When the ferulic acid content-enhanced extract and the γ-oryzanol content-enhanced extract of rice bran were mixed and subjected to liquid fermentation with Lactiplantibacillus pentosus BOT406 and then freeze-dried, the ferulic acid content of the extract powder increased about 3.0 times compared to that of original extract powder. In addition, its γ-oryzanol content increased about 1.5 times, the DPPH radical scavenging activity increased 1.4 times, and the ABTS radical scavenging activity increased 1.6 times.

본 연구는 K-POP 음률을 기반한 개사 언어치료 활동이 학령기 경계선 지능 아동 대상으로 언어발달에 미치는 영향에 대해 탐색적 연구를 진행하 였다. 이와 관련하여 K-POP 노래를 선정하고 중재 활동 목표를 설정하여 학령기 경계선 지능 아동 3명을 대상으로 주 2회 50분씩 사전 및 사후 검사 를 포함하여 총 20회기의 K-POP 음률 개사 언어치료 활동을 실시하였다. 그 결과, 중재 프로그램 이후 아동의 어휘 능력, 구문 이해 능력, 상위 언어 능력의 유의한 차이는 없으나, 아동의 수용 및 표현 어휘, 구문 이해, 상위 언어를 평가한 표준화검사의 원점수가 향상하는 경향을 보였다. 본 연구의 내용이 추후 K-POP을 활용한 언어치료 중재 프로그램 개발의 기초자료로 활용되길 기대한다.

본 증례는 epidermal growth factor receptor 돌연변이 비소세포폐암 환자에서 lazertinib 치료 중 췌장 전이 병변에서 소세포암 전환이 발생한 드문 사례를 보고하였다. 소세포암 전환은 치료 저항성의 기전을 나타내며 이를 확인하기 위해 조직 생검이 중요하다. Tyrosine kinase inhibitor 치료 중 병변의 선택적 진행이 의심될 때는 조직학적 평가를 통해 전환 여부를 확인하고 이에 따른 치료 전략을 변경할 필요가 있다.

Reinforced concrete (RC) piloti buildings are vulnerable in the event of earthquake because the stiffness in the 1st story columns is weak to compare with the members in upper stories. In this study, seismic performances of RC piloti structures were evaluated considering with different types of floor plane layouts according to core eccentricity. With four types of floor plane layouts, five stories plioti structures were evaluated by two approaches, a nonlinear pushover analysis and a nonlinear time-history analysis. In order to improve seismic performances by satisfying the collapse prevention (CP) level, two ductile reinforcing methods by carbon fiber sheets and steel jackets were applied. Due to eccentricities in stiffness and mass with directions of plane and vertical stories, piloti structures were greatly influenced by higher order modes, so the seismic performances by the time-history analysis were significantly different from by the static pushover analysis.