본 연구에서는 축산물 및 축산가공품에서 천연적으로 유래되는 질산염과 아질산염의 함유량을 조사하였다. 식육223건, 식육가공품 51건, 원유 30건, 유가공품 142건, 알류 5건 및 알가공품 7건으로 총 458건에 대해 이온크로 마토그래피(IC)를 이용하여 질산염과 아질산염을 분석하였다. 이 때, 축산물 가공기준 및 성분규격의 전처리법과 기기조건을 이용하여 분석하였으며 축산물 및 축산가공품에 적용하여 시험법 검증(직선성, 검출한계, 정량한계, 회수율, 재현성 및 측정불확도)을 실시한 결과, 모두 양호한값으로 나타났다. 총 458건을 분석한 결과, 질산염이 167건에서 아질산염이 40건에서 검출되어 질산염이 아질산염에 비해 검출된 건수가 많았다. 질산염의 경우, 조제분유류에서 ND~40.23 mg/kg으로, 양념육류에서 ND~37.97 mg/kg으로, 가공치즈류에서 ND~32.40 mg/kg으로, 알가공품에서 4.92~31.50 mg/kg으로, 분유류에서 ND~27.73 mg/kg으로, 소시지류에서 ND~22.45 mg/kg으로, 베이컨류에서 ND~22.45 mg/kg으로, 자연치즈류에서 ND~21.55 mg/kg으로, 햄류와 발효유류에서 ND~20.82 mg/kg으로, 알류에서 ND~13.57 mg/kg으로, 버터류에서 ND~12.77 mg/kg으로, 우유류에서 ND~9.31 mg/kg으로, 식육류에서 ND~3.88 mg/kg의 순으로 나타났다. 한편, 아질산염은 알가공품에서 1.84~17.35 mg/kg으로 나타났으며 식육류에서는 ND~1.92 mg/kg의 범위로 검출되었다.

This study was performed to investigate the physiological functionality of jerusalem artichokes and to define its antioxidant potential. The study also evaluated mook prepared with jerusalem artichokes powder as a new functional food for ameliorating Diabetes Mellitus. Regarding the chromaticity of mook prepared with jerusalem artichoke, lightness decreased as the amount of jerusalem artichoke increased (p<0.05), while the redness and yellowness values increased significantly (p<0.05). Regarding the mechanical properties, hardness, springiness, chewiness, gumminess, and cohesiveness decreased significantly as the amount of jerusalem artichoke increased (p<0.05). The total polyphenol and flavonoid contents of JA30 were 7.36 mg TAE/g and 2.15 mg RE/g, respectively, which were higher than those of the control group(3.50 mg TAE/g and 0.76 mg RE/g, respectively). The DPPH and ABTS scavenging abilities (IC50) for JA30 were 4.40 and 5.70 mg/mL, respectively, indicating a higher radical scavenging ability than the control group (7.59 and 7.24 mg/mL, respectively). The α-glucosidase inhibitory effect (IC50) of JA30 and the control group was 18.91 and 24.01 mg/mL, respectively. Based on the above-described results, mook containing jerusalem artichoke powder is expected to ameliorate diabetes with antioxidant activity, α-glucosidase inhibitory effect, and sensory factor. Also, it is believed that this functional material has the potential to improve health

국내 유통 중인 총 321건의 폴리아미드, 폴리우레탄, ABS, 아크릴 수지 재질 식품용 기구 중 이행우려가 있는 모노머인 4,4``-메틸렌디아닐린, 2,4-톨루엔디아민, 아닐린, 아크릴로니트릴 및 메틸메타크릴레이트에 대하여 이행량 을 조사하고 안전성 평가를 실시하였다. 83건의 폴리아미드, ABS 및 아크릴 수지 재질 식품용 기구 검체에서 현행 식품용 기구 및 용기·포장 공전상의 용출규격 이하인 4,4``-메틸렌디아닐린, 2,4-톨루엔디아민, 아크릴로니트릴 및 메틸메타크릴레이트가 이행되었다. 이행량 결과를 토대로 안전성 평가 시나리오에 적용하여 4,4``-메틸렌디아닐린, 2,4-톨루엔디아민, 아크릴로니트릴 및 메틸메타크릴레이트의 EDI를 산출한 후 TDI와 비교하여 위해도를 평가하였다. EDI는 폴리아미드 재질 기구의 4,4``-메틸렌디아닐린과 2,4-톨루엔디아민의 경우 각각 2.39 × 10-9, 및 1.20 × 10-9mg/kg bw/day, ABS 재질 기구의 아크 릴로니트릴의 경우 4.32 × 10-9mg/kg bw/day, 아크릴 수지 재질 기구 메틸메타크릴레이트의 경우 2.27 × 10-7mg/kg bw/day이었다. ABS 재질 기구 이행 아크릴로니트릴의 위해도는 RfD 대비 4.32 × 10-4% 수준이었고, 아크릴 수지 재질 기구 이행 메틸메타크릴레이트의 위해도는 TDI 대비 1.89 × 10-5% 수준이었다. 결론적으로 검토된 평가 항목들의 위해도는 TDI 대비 4.32 × 10-4%와 1.89 × 10-5%에 불과한 것으로 조사되어 안전한 수준인 것으로 사료되었다. 이러한 결과들은 앞으로 기구 및 용기·포장의 안전 관리를 위한 과학적인 근거자료로 이용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

This study was performed to analyze health problems in older adults in a comprehensive manner, including usual livinghabits, nutritional status, and society psychological factors. Research was conducted by a structured questionnaire byinterviews with a test group of 316 people over the age of 65 from April 2012 to August 2012. Elderly people’s dietary intakewas assessed using NSI (Nutrition Screening Initiative) by the 24-hour retrospective method, and elderly people’s feeling ofhelplessness and sense of belonging were assessed using the measuring device. Material analysis, descriptive statistics, andregression analysis were performed using SPSS. Elderly people with increased age showed higher chances of being in thehigh-risk and undernourished group. Elderly with high NSI showed low intake of fat, protein, fibrin, vitamin C, E, B1, B2,Niacin, K, Fe, Zn, and Cu than those with low NSI. Findings from this comparative analysis indicate that elderly with betternutritional status showed a lower feeling of helplessness than those with poor nutritional status. Overall, elderly peopleconsumed a b road variety of foods, and social emotional stability of elderly people increased at optimal dietary levels.

This study aimed to examine the cooking methods used in the Joseon Dynasty using cooking books. We chose「Suwoonjabbang」 (1500’s) and「Eumsikdimibang」 (1610) as the subjects of this study. Cooking methods from these tworecipe books were categorized into staples, side dishes, rice cakes, Korean traditional sweets and cookies, drinks, fermentedfoods, seasonings, and storage methods. Firstly,「Suwoonjabbang」 contains a total of 121 cooking methods divided intotwo volumes. In contrast,「Eumsikdimibang」includes 146 cooking methods. There are 18 methods for noodles and dduks,74 methods for fish and meat, and 54 methods for drinks and vinegars, and others. Secondly,「 Suwoonjabbang」 writtenby Yu Kim in Chinese characters can be described in simple terms. It provides caution against indulging in the taste of food.In contrast,「Eumsikdimibang」 by Kye Hyang Jang contains detailed cooking methods that have disappeared. Thirdly,「Eumsikdimibang」 introduced more diverse cooking methods for noodles, dumplings, side dishes, rice cake, Koreantraditional sweets and cookies, and fermented foods as compared to 「Suwoonjabbang」. In conclusion, unique cookingmethods introduced in these two cooking books, which are rare these days, are expected to be further applied anddeveloped.

This study was designed to determine the antioxidant activity of solvent fractions of broccoli sprouts grown by controlling the growing environment at the plant factory system. Fractionation was achieved with chloroform, n-hexane, ethyl acetate, butanol, water by 70% EtOH extract of the broccoli sprouts. Each solvent fraction was put through TLC and HPLC to separate active components. Higher antioxidant activities were observed for the butanol and ethyl acetate layers. Further evaluation of each of the 5 layers (LH1 to LH5) of the butanol fraction showed that the refined LH3 extract had a high antioxidant effect. Components with similar Rf values from TLC had the same retention times and peaks in the HPLC analysis. It was also determined that the sulforaphane content was high at the chloroform and butanol layers and the sulforaphane was responsible for, the high antioxidant activity. Thus, to use for functional materials, the butanol extract/layer of broccoli sprouts is recommended as the most effective.

국내 유통 중인 총 391건의 유리제, 도자기제, 법랑, 옹기류, 폴리에틸렌제 및 폴리프로필렌제 식품용 기구 및 용 기·포장 중 이행 우려가 있는 납, 카드뮴, 비소, 안티몬, 6가크롬 및 수은에 대하여 이행량을 조사하고 안전성 평가를 실시하였다. 29건의 도자기제 및 법랑 검체에서 현행 식품용 기구 및 용기·포장 공전상의 용출규격 이하인 납, 카드뮴 및 안티몬이 이행되었다. 이행량 결과를 토대로 안전성 평가 시나리오에 적용하여 이행된 납, 카드뮴 및 안티몬의 EDI를 산출한 후 TDI와 비교하여 위해도를 평가하였다. 도자기제 기구 이행 납 및 카드뮴의 위해도는 TDI 대비 0.25%, 0.11% 수준이었고 법랑 기구 이행 납, 카드뮴 및 안티몬의 위해도는 TDI 대비 0.33%, 1.52% 및 0.13% 수준이었다. 결론적으로 검토된 평가 항목들의 위해도는 TDI 대비 최대 1.52%에 불과한 것으로 조사되어 안전한 수준인 것으로 사료되었다. 이러 한 결과들은 앞으로 기구 및 용기·포장의 안전관리를 위한 과학적인 근거자료로 이용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

The research aimed to provide accurate and basic data comparing different perceptions of head family’s food and food for religious ceremonies depending on age with the goal of sustaining traditional Korean food in the future. The gender distribution of the participants was 274 Males (42.5%) and 370 Females (57.5%). Age distribution was 211 participants (32.7%) in their 20s, 215 participants (33.3%) in their 30 to 40s, and 220 participants (34%) in their 50 to 60s. The older generation appeared to beaware of the definition of head family or 'The eldest’s house of head family’ as well as the concept of one’s family five generations ago with more reductive and emphasis than imaginary concept of head family of the younger generation. The image of the head family was perceived as ‘head family’s food’ in younger generations and as ‘eldest son’ in older generations. Family role and meaning most often manifested as ‘succession of tradition’ and ‘cultural symbols’ in younger generations, respectively, whereas older generations responded ‘hallmark of the head family’. Family ancestral rites and head family’s food had positive effects on awareness of head family’s food. Moreover, those with experience in practicing family ancestral rites responded that head family’s food should be more popular. People who viewed family’s food more positively were more open with the idea thathead family’s food could go mainstream. In conclusion, positive perception of head family’s food and traditional pride are crucial environmental factors in public support of popularizing head family's food to the public.

This study aimed to develop a new commercialization model for theindustrialization of head family food as a gentry families' complex food culture product. We tried to develop a head family food and propose a city sightseeing style's head family product by interviews with 'Hakindang' as the center, the head house of the Suwon Baek clan, and Injaegong group in Jeonjoo. Hakindang (in Jeonju) was confirmed as an improved model Korean-style house in the enlightenment period and the twentieth style modern head family as emerging capitalist. Hakindangsupported independence war funds in the Japanese colonial era and was widely known as gate of filial piety in Jeonju. Representative seasonal foods of Hakindang include pan-fried sweet rice cake with flower petals in the spring, hot spicy meat stew and polypus variabilis in summer, hanchae in autumn, and napa cabbage kimchi with salted flatfish seafood in the winter. When parents-in-law had a birthday, there were party noodles, sliced abalone stuffed with pine nuts, brass chafing dish, fish eggs, slices of blilde meat, and matnaji. Daily, there were mainly salted seafood, slices of raw fish, grilled short rib patties, braised fish, baked fish, syruped chestnut, grilled deodeok root, bean sprouts, radish preserved with salt, dongchimi, soy sauce-marinated horseshoe crab, butterbur, perilla seed stew, salted clams, raw bamboo shoot, agar, fried kelp, etc. The most basic virtue of the head family is filial duty, and they developed mosim dining as a representative food of Hakingdang's head family. The mosim menu is composed of 65% carbohydrates, 20% protein, and 15% fat because it is table for parents-in-law like more than 75 years old. The sensory evaluation showed a chewy texture that is easily swallowed.

멜라민수지 조리기구 제조에 사용되는 formaldehyde와 phenol의 경우 식품에 이행될 우려가 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 국내에서 유통되고 있는 멜라민수지 조리기구 222 건에 대하여 formaldehyde와 phenol의 식품유사용매로의 이행량을 조사하였다. 멜라민수지 조리기구는 컵(14), 공기(75), 접시(85), 숟가락(10), 젓가락(4), 식판(8), 주걱(4), 뒤지게(9) 및 국자(12)등을 수거하였다. 식품유사용매로는 물, 4% 초산, 20% 에탄올, n-헵탄을 사용하였다. 한국의 멜라민수지 기구 및 용기·포장 중 formaldehyde와 phenol의 용출기준은 각각 4 mg/L, 5 mg/L 이며, 수거된 222건 멜라 민수지 조리기구 모두 기준·규격에 적합하였다. 멜라민 수지 조리기구 중 formaldehyde와 phenol의 이행량은 각각 N.D~2,949 μg/L, N.D~78 μg/L이었다. 위 분석결과는 멜라민수지 기구 및 용기·포장의 안전관리의 과학적 근거 자료로 제공될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

The purpose of this study was to develop an efficient method for Korean food to make inroads into Paraguay. In-depth interviews with 15 Korean restaurant owners in Asuncion, Paraguay and foodies (food experts) who had experiences with Korean food were conducted. The results are as follows: Paraguay wants to establish economic ties with Korea currently, and economic development is ongoing in Paraguay. The food service industry for the middle class in Paraguay is now in the development stage. There are not many Korean restaurants (currently 15) in Asuncion. First and second generation Korean immigrants are operating these restaurants. It is necessary to provide support for a comprehensive food culture system by developing a menu composition system to meet local tastes, a strategy for improving distribution of Korean food materials, and a plan for sanitary management and operations.

Formaldehyde and phenol used in the production of melamine-wares may be intended to come into foodstuffs. So this study investigated the migration of formaldehyde and phenol from 222 articles Articles were cups(14), bowls(75), plates(85), spoons(10), chopsticks(4), food trays(8), rice paddles(4), spatulas(9) and scoops(12). The food stimulants were 4% acetic acid, 20% ethanol, distilled water and n-heptane. Korea regulation (Standards and specifications for food utensils, containers and package) specifies migration limits for formaldehyde and phenol in food stimulants. Formaldehyde and phenol are restricted by 4 mg/L, 5 mg/L respectively. In all cases the migration of formaldehyde and phenol were below the limit set in Korea regulation. The level of formaldehyde and phenol migrated to food simulants were in the range of N.D~2.949 mg/L, N.D~0.078 mg/L respectively. These migration results of formaldehyde and phenol will provide a scientific basis for the safety management of melamine-wares.

본 연구는 식품첨가물의 안전관리확보를 위해 국내 식품 중 사용빈도가 높은 소르빈산류 및 안식향산류를 대상으로 모니터링을 한 후 일일추정섭취량을 평가하였다. 일일추정섭취량은 식품 중 보존료의 농도와 국민건강·영양 조사 자료를 이용하여 국민평균, 성별·연령별 상위섭취자(95th) 그룹으로 분류하여 산출하였고, 이를 JECFA에서 제시한 ADI와 비교하여 국민의 섭취 수준을 확인하였다. 그 결과 분석된 보존료의 국민평균 일일추정섭취량은 소르빈산류 221.60 μg/kg·bw/day, 안식향산류 27.30 μg/kg· bw/day로 산출되었으며, ADI 대비 각각 0.89, 0.55%로 섭취수준은 안전한 것으로 확인되었다. 상위섭취자(95th)의 소르빈산류 일일추정섭취량은 1140.27 μg/kg·bw/day로 ADI 대비 4.56%, 안식향산류 일일추정섭취량은 194.95 μg/ kg·bw/day로 ADI 대비 3.90% 수준으로 소르빈산류 및 안식향산류의 상위섭취자 섭취수준도 안전한 것으로 평가 되었다. 성별에 따른 차이는 안식향산류의 경우 남자가 여자보다 조금 높았으나 소르빈산류는 성별에 따른 차이를 보이지 않았다. 연령별 섭취수준은 소르빈산류 0.52~2.01%, 안식향산류 0.15~1.23% 로 평가되었다. 따라서 모든 그룹에서 소르빈산류 및 안식향산류의 섭취수준은 ADI를 초과하지 않아 안전한 것으로 평가되었다.

This study was designed to measure taste sensitivity and the five basic senses by an educational classification instrument. The instrument was a rice kit that could use samples in a dry powder form or oil extract after long-term storage To test for taste, sucrose, salt, citric acid, and quinine sulfate were made at different concentrations and taste sensitivity was measured on a scale from level 1 to level 5. To obtain baseline data, an inspection tool for the five senses was used and randomly applied on 101 schoolchildren in the third and fourth grade in the city of Cheonan in Korea. The inspection tool was composed of 17 questions; 5 questions regarding visual characteristics and three questions each for characteristics regarding taste, hearing, smell, and touch. The average age of the schoolchildren was 9.5 years old and there were 49 third grade students (9 years of age), and 52 fourth grade students (ten years of age). There were slightly more male students than female students, 56 (55.4%) compared to 45 (44.6%), respectively. The average height of female students was higher than that of males, but the average BMI (body mass index) of the male students was slightly higher than that of female students (18.28 compared to 18.09, respectively). Female students were slightly more sensitive to salty tastes than male students (2.8 compared to 2.5, respectively). In the score distribution for each sense, touch sense was the highest at 7.59, sight sense was 7.49, hearing sense was 5.43, smell sense was 5.24, and taste sense was lowest at 3.69. Therefore, schoolchildren first tend to recognize and deem important the touch and sight of food before its taste.

Century-old nutrition and health concepts can be revived and applied in the modern age in the forms of newly developed menus, recipes, and lifestyle education. Current medical nutrition therapy concepts were first described in the Chosun Dynasty (1392-1897) in Korea based on the philosophy that food and medicine originate from the same source, which is known as ‘food as medicine’. Recognizing the importance of culture, tradition, local diet, and lifestyle on health and medical nutrition therapy, we tried to rediscover traditional Korean approaches towards food consumption and nutrition through systematic review of the literature and developed contemporary menus accordingly. The medical nutrition therapy prescriptions described in ‘Shikryochanyo’ (1460) by the Chosun Dynasty’s royal physician Soonyi Jeao cover 45 different diseases. In this project, we developed contemporary menus for those disease models that are most prevalent in modern society. Menus developed with foods that are readily available today were evaluated for their nutritional content and adequacy using a computer-aided nutritional analysis program (CAN pro 3.0, developed by the Korean Nutrition Society for comparison with RDA for Koreans). Therefore, century-old nutrition and health concepts can be revived and applied in modern society as newly developed menus recipes and lifestyle education.

The aim of this study was to establish the identity of Korean traditional food based on the recorded food preferences during the period of the Chosun Dynasty. Our primary source in this regard was the invaluable, historical document called the "Miam's diary." This important document reveals details of such food preferences from October 1567 to September 1568. By analyzing the income-expenditure trends of virtually every household, this diary was used to describe a vivid traditional food preference of the people during that period. A detailed analysis of the diary reveals the summary of families' characteristics in the 16th century. First, it records the fact that expenditure on food was mainly based on stipend and gifts received. The type of food preferred by the people was diverse in nature; for it included rice, bean, chicken, pheasant, and seafood. However, there were dried or pickled forms too so as to prevent them from undergoing decay. Second, it throws light on the fact that people expended food mainly as a salary for servants. People utilized the income from selling such food items to purchase goods and land. They also used the same either to donate for a funeral or wedding purpose. Third, it records the fact that day-to-day purchase of groceries was mostly based on gift(s) for someone close to them such as a neighbor, colleague, relative, or student. Further, such gifts included small groceries, food items, and clothes. Fourth, based on the data available in the diary, it seemed likely that the gentry families laid emphasis on the customary formalities of a family dating back to as early as the late 16th century. Finally, the document also records the fact that noblemen of the Chosun Dynasty had a notion that they had to extend warmth and affection by presenting generous gifts to their guests at home. Noblemen during that period were very particular in welcoming their guests as they believed that this approach alone would testify their status as noblemen.

The purpose of this study was the development of traditional food recipes from local food contents related to the historical and cultural heritage in the representative long-lived area Damyang. The information on digging 'story' was collected through the region's representative local native journal, searching for related websites, analyzing old literatures, and interviewing traditional household; 'telling', the part of conveyance, was organized by reviewing the literatures, including historical condition, regional food materials, cuisine, region symbolism, etc. After nutritional analysis, the prepared, balanced, and healthy Korean food dishes using the traditional food contents were displayed. In Damyang, the story was extracted from Heuichoon Ryu (柳希春, 1543-1577) - figura of Damyang - and his collection, 'Miam's diary', and described about native food. The traditional history of many foods that were used mainly as rewarding during one's trouble, showing good faith, and delivering gratitude is recorded in Miam diary. A little effort has been made to express the classical scholar's clean and neat dining table which was the mixed Damyang's clean image and nobleman's straight integrity in the middle of the Choson Dynasty. Nutrition fact of 'Miam's table' was based on the Daily Reference Values of Koreans aged 65 or older.