In order to measure the flow rate of liquid sodium, the flow measurement method should be determined by considering the opacity of sodium, the chemical reaction with air and water, and so on. By using the segmental wedge flowmeter which is one of the representative devices for flow measurement, the methodology for measuring the liquid sodium flow was examined and the flow characteristics were observed. The variations of the discharge coefficients according to various flow conditions were also evaluated. In addition, the structural integrity at high temperature condition was evaluated by using the liquid sodium as a working fluid and these study results were reflected in the design of the segmental wedge flowmeter.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors related to milk consumption in university students. A questionnaire, comprised of general questions and factors related to milk consumption, was administered to 269 male and female university students (134 males, 135 females). The results show that the proportion of males reporting that they drink milk because “for good nutrition” was higher than that of females (p=0.0200). Additionally, males initiated more effort to drink milk than females (p=0.0192). Analysis of the groups classified according to milk consumption shows that the proportion of respondents exercising regularly was significantly high in the milk consumption group (p=0.0199). The proportion of respondents often consuming carbonated drinks as snacks was significantly low in the milk consumption group (p=0.0219). Whereas, the proportion of respondents consuming fruits as their main snack was significantly higher in the milk consumption group than in the non-milk consumption group (p=0.0063). Also, the milk consumption group shows significantly higher awareness of the importance of milk than the non-milk consumption group (p<0.0001). These results can be used as a valid foundation to provide university students with nutritional education relative to milk consumption and its associated benefits in the future.

Benign fibro-osseous lesions are demonstrated as a group of conditions, which normal bone is replaced by a connective tissue matrix that gradually develops cemento-osseous tissue and include developmental lesion, reactive lesion, dysplasia and tumor. Cemento-osseous dysplasia is one of benign fibro-osseous lesions, which is non-neoplastic process. Histologic features of cemento-osseous dysplasia are admixtures of bone and cementoid materials in a fibrous stroma. Cemento-osseous dysplasia associated with traumatic bone cysts has infrequently been reported. Traumatic bone cyst is a pseudocyst that may befound in both the jaws and the long bones. Though blockage of interstitial fluid drainage orvenous obstruction may be the cause of traumatic bone cyst, the exact pathogenesis of traumatic bone cysts is unknown. Melrose et al. was the first to report association of cemento-osseous dysplasia and traumatic bone cystsin their series. It is assumed that different mechanism is involved in cyst formation in these cases. This report presents review of literature and describes a case of focal cemento-osseous dysplasia associated with traumatic bone cyst of the mandible and its surgical treatment.

Nerve injury induced protein 1 (Ninjurin1) was originally described in neuroscience in which the expression of Ninjurin1 was regulated by Schwann cells and dorsal root ganglion neuronal cells of damaged nerve tissues. After the first discovery of Ninjurin1, the widespread expression of Ninjurin1 in adult and embryonic tissues have been observed including bone marrow, peripheral blood lymphocytes, thymus, and heart. Currently, the Ninjurin1 mediated positive regulation of pre-osteoclasts fusion and osteoclast development was reported. The bone homeostasis is dynamically balanced by bone-resorbing activity of osteoclast and bone-forming activity of osteoblast. Until now, the role of Ninjurin1 was never been described in osteoblastogenesis. Therefore, in this study, we have evaluated the expression and function of Ninjurin1 in osteoblast. The ample expression of Ninjurin1 was observed in bone marrow of mouse tibia sections but it was barely expressed in osteocytes. And also the expression levels of Ninjurin1 were gradually increased during osteoblast differentiation of calvarial pre-osteoblast, C2C12, and MC3T3-E1 cells. Importantly, the expression of Ninjurin1 was increased in the absence of osteogenic stimulus, BMP2, which suggests the cell density-dependent regulation of Ninjurin1. The controlled expression of Ninjurin1 by cell-density was evidently shown in not only pre-osteogenic osteoblast lineage cells but also in non-osteogenic cancer cells such as HeLa and A549 cells. In addition, the isoform-specific knockdown of Ninjurin1 remarkably reduced the alkaline phosphatase (ALP)-positive osteoblast differentiation. Thus, our results suggest a previously unappreciated mechanism of Ninjurin1 expression and also suggest its role on osteoblastogenesis.

There are an increasing number of reports that job related factors are associated with hypertension, sleep deprivation, obesity and diabetes. This study analyzed the relationship of working type, working hours and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome. The study’s subjects were 2,777 employees (1,446 males and 1,331 females) over 19 years old and their data was from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Survey (2015). The type of work was divided into day work and shift work. The working hours were divided into less than 40 hours, 40 to 49 hours, 50 to 59 hours and 60 hours or more per week. As a result of this study, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 26.4% of the males and 19.1% of the females. Generally there was no relationship between metabolic syndrome and type of work (day work and shift work). As a result of analysis of working hours and metabolic syndrome, the workers who worked 40-49 hr were associated with a decreased prevalence of metabolic syndrome as compared to that of workers who worked less than 40 hr (odds ratio: 0.47, 95% confidence interval: 0.24-0.95, p<0.05). Further, positive relationships were found between the number of work hours and the prevalence metabolic syndrome for specific females who worked over 40 hr/wk. It can be concluded from the results that it is important to help workers avoid metabolic syndrome through setting appropriate work hours.

Intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia (IPEH) is an unusual reactive benign lesion of vascular origin caused by endothelial cell proliferation, which rarely occurs in oral cavity. IPEH appears in various forms because it has non-specific clinical presentation, so it can be misdiagnosed as a malignant lesion.Therefore, it is important to make a differential diagnosis by understanding the characteristics of this lesion.We report a case of IPEH in a 22-year-old Korean female patient, discussing about differential diagnosis and treatment. This report presents review of literature and describes a case of IPEH.

To enumerate Staphylococcus aureus in food, Baird-Parker Agar (BPA) is usually used in the conventional method, However it requires time and space for the preparation and plating, and incubation. Thus, use of the 3MTM PetrifilmTM Staph Express Count Plate (STX Petrifilm) might be appropriate to solve these challenging problems. The purpose of this study was to compare the efficiency of STX Petrifilm with BPA for enumeration of S. aureus in various foods. A mixture of S. aureus strains ATCC29213, ATCC25923, and ATCC13565 was inoculated on marinated pork chop, beef (chuck tender), dried filefish, semi-dried squid, rice cake, and Japchae (stir-fried glass noodles) at 2, 3, 5, and 7 Log CFU/g. S. aureus cell counts were enumerated by spread-plating on STX Petrifilm and BPA after 0 and 24 hours at 4oC (marinated pork chop, beef, semi-dried squid, and stir-fried glass noodles) and 25oC (dried filefish and rice cake). Recovery of STX Petrifilm for S. aureus from various food samples was compared with BPA, and the results showed that there were no significant differences between two selective media in all cases. The results indicated that STX Petrifilm had enough efficiency to recover S. aureus from various foods as well as saving time and space.

묻지마 범죄가 많은 사람들에게 관심을 받고 있고, 이들에 대한 보다 강력한 처벌과 처우개선의 필요성이 제기되고 있는 실정이다. 이에 묻지마 범죄자에 대한 개념과 유 형을 살펴보고, 묻지마 범죄자의 유형을 구분하여 각 유형에 적절한 치료적 개입을 하는데 고려해야할 요소들을 탐색적으로 분석하여 치료적 함의를 제안하고자 하였다. 이러한 연구목적을 위해 전국 교정시설에 수용 중인 묻지마 범죄자를 대상으로 성격 평가질문지(PAI)와 면담을 실시하여 이들 중 연구참여에 동의하고 심리검사 결과가 유효한 58명의 범죄유형을 무작위 범죄자 위험군 판별 체크리스트(KRCC)에 따라 3 개로 구분하여 일반인 자료와 함께 분석하여 비교하였다. 분석 결과 묻지마 범죄자는 유형에 관계없이 일반인보다 음주와 약물문제, 분노조 절의 취약성, 과거 사건에 대한 부정적인 지각과 우울증 등의 문제가 공통적으로 지적 되었고, 정신장애 여부를 평가하는 진단함수 중에서 우울증, 외상스트레스, 반사회적 성격, 알코올 및 약물에서의 수치가 일반일보다 유의미하게 높은 것으로 지적되었다. 따라서 묻지마 범죄자의 경우 유형에 관계없이 약물사용에 관한 교육과 전반적인 정서와 감정 통제에 대한 교육과 훈련이 수반되어야 한다는 것을 알 수 있다. 이상사고형의 경우 피해적 사고가 두드러지고, 자신의 신체적 상태나 기능변화에 예민한 특성이 지적되어 자신의 왜곡된 인지체계를 알아차리고 이를 수정하는데 집중 할 수 있는 인지행동적 접근이 필요하다. 현실불만형의 경우 불안정한 자기개념과 취 약한 정서성과 적응적인 감정표현 기술의 부재로 외부 자극에 쉽게 상처를 받고 자존 감이 손상되는 특성이 지적되었다. 따라서 이들은 자신을 있는 그대로 이해하고 수용 하는 훈련이 필요하다. 전위보복형은 평소 심리･정서적 문제를 호소하거나 표현하지 않고 분노와 화를 통제하려고 노력하다가 예상치 못하게 분노를 터뜨리는 경향이 지적되었다. 따라서 자신의 정서를 정확하게 이해하는 것이 중요하겠고, 이러한 정서를 적응적으로 표현하는 기술들을 연습시키는 것이 적절할 것이다.

Calcifying Epithelial OdontogenicTumor(CEOT), also known as Pindborg tumor is a rare lesion comprising about 1% of all odontogenic tumors mostly rising in the posterior of the mandible. It generally occurs in patients between 30-60 years old. This paper describes a case of CEOT in a 17 year-old female affecting the right mandible. Histopathologic findings showed sheets of polygonal tumor cells and pools of amorphous, eosinophilic amyloids with calcifications. 1 year after resection of the tumor, no clinical and radiographic signs of recurrence were observed.