본 연구는 국내 난대림 집단자생지인 전남 완도군 상왕산(644m) 일대의 식물상 조사를 통해 자생식물, 희귀식물 및 특산식 물 등 식물 분포와 특징을 밝히고 식물종다양성 보전과 난대림의 기후변화 대비 분포변화 연구를 위한 자료로 활용하고자 조사하였다. 2018년부터 2022년까지 총 32회의 현장조사를 실시하였다. 조사결과 132과 473속 708종 16아종 53변종 8품종으로 총 785분류군이 조사되었다. 환경부 지정 멸종위기야생식물은 새깃아재비(Woodwardia japonica (L.f.) Sm.), 칠보치마(Metanarthecium luteoviride Maxim.), 혹난초(Bulbophyllum inconspicuum Maxim.), 석곡(Dendrobium moniliforme (L.) Sw.), 지네발란(Pelatantheria scolopendrifolia (Makino) Aver.), 대흥란(Cymbidium macrorhizon Lindl.) 6분류군이 조사되었으며 산림청 지정 희귀식물은 총 26분류군이 조사되었다. 국립수목원에서 제시한 적색식물은 7분류군, 국립생물자원관에서 제시한 적색목록식물은 29분류군, 한국특산식물목록은 17분류군이 조사되었다. 식물구계학적 특정종은 총 200분류군으로 Ⅴ등급 6분류군, Ⅳ등급 13분류군, Ⅲ등급 73분류군, Ⅱ등급 29분류군, Ⅰ등급 79분류군이 조사되었다. 귀화식물은 총 73분류군, 생태계교란종은 6분류군이 조사되었다. 조사지역의 기후변화 적응 대상식물은 특산식물 8분류군, 남방계식물 46분류군, 북방계식물 1분류군으로 총 55분류군이 조사되었다.

Forest destruction is an inevitable result of the development processes. According to the environmental impact assessment, over 10% of the destroyed trees need to be recycled and transplanted to minimize the impact of forest destruction. However, the rate of successful transplantation is low, leading to a high rate of tree death. This is attributable to a lack of consideration for environmental factors when choosing a temporary site for transplantation and inadequate management. To monitor transplanted trees, a field survey is essential; however, the spatio-temporal aspect is limited. This study evaluated the applicability of remote sensing for the effective monitoring of transplanted trees. Vegetation indices based on satellite remote sensing were derived to detect time-series changes in the status of the transplanted trees at three temporary transplantation sites. The mortality rate and vitality of transplanted trees before and after the transplant have a similar tendency to the changes in the vegetation indicators. The findings of this study showed that vegetation indices increased after transplantation of trees and decreased as the death rate increased and vitality decreased over time. This study presents a method for assessing newly transplanted trees using satellite images. The approach of utilizing satellite photos and the vegetation index is expected to detect changes in trees that have been transplanted across the country and help to manage tree transplantation for the environmental impact assessment.

Along with the development of the automobile industry, the materials and processing technology of parts have also developed. In particular, various materials have been developed and applied to automobile bumpers, which are directly related to crash safety. In particular, the application of composite materials is expanding for weight reduction. In this study, a new composite material made of a mixture of carbon fiber and aramid fiber was developed and the possibility of application to an automobile bumper was reviewed, and significant results were obtained.

수륙재의문과 청규에 나타난 만두와 국수에 대한 인식변화를 다음과 같이 정리할 수 있다. 처음에는 만두와 국수가 수륙재를 통해서 식료에서 만들어 지는 중요한 음식이었다. 시간이 흐르며, 중국불교와 달리 한국불교에서 만 두는 세시의례음식으로 변화되었다. 반면, 국수는 불교의례음식으로 남았지 만, 세면(洗麵)에서 세면(細麪)으로 바뀌었다. 처음에는 습면의 형태를 취했 다고 생각되나 가는 국수로 바뀌었다. 육색장은 중국과 다른 한국불교 음식문화의 특징이다. 처음에는 6가지 음 식의 특징을 살려서 설치되었으나 점점 경계가 허물어진다. 결국 조선 말에 이르러서는 색장방이란 이름 만 남는다. 그리고 음식 전체를 아우르는 일반 적인 명사로 쓰이게 된다. 음식의 조리법과 종류에 따라 소임이 늘어나는 경 향을 보인다. 결국 만두는 민가의 세시의례음식으로 변화되고, 국수는 불교의례 속에 남아 있게 된다. 현재 시식(施食)에서 제일 먼저 국수를 올리는 의식(儀式)을 가리킨다. 이것이 한국 불교문헌에 보이는 만두(饅頭)와 국수[洗麵]에 대한 의식(意識)변화라고 생각한다.

Climate change due to global warming causes a rise in atmospheric air temperature to rise and extreme shift in precipitation patterns. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is widely known as one of the major cause of global warming and accounts for about 72% of total greenhouse gas emissions. Agriculture is more vulnerable to climate change than other industries. Many studies have been conducted to investigate how agroecosystems, both natural and controlled, will respond to the rising level of CO2. Studies on the responses of crops and agricultural environments to climate change are crucial in predicting changes in agro-ecosystems. Research facilities for various types of CO2 treatment have been developed. The representative research facilities are SAR (Soil-Plant-Atmosphere-Research), OTC (Open Top Chamber), FACE (Free Air CO2 Enrichment System), and TGC & CTGC (Temperature Gradient Chamber & CO2-Temperature Gradient Chamber). Therefore, this study reviewed research data and their application in agriculture.

A new strawberry cultivar ‘Misohyang’ was originated from the cross between ‘Darselect’ and ‘Wongyo 3111’ in 2009. Among hybrids, ‘Misohyang’, a superior individual possessing vigorous growth, capacity to early differentiate flower buds, and excellent physiological characteristics, was selected. Several tests conducted from 2012 to 2014 revealed that this cultivar was suitable for forcing culture due to its faster flowering and harvest time than ‘Seolhyang’. Fruits of ‘Misohyang’ were conical in shape with a red color, which turned dark red color when fruits were fully ripened. Although sugar contents in ‘Misohyang’ fruits were lower than those in ‘Seolhyang’, their aromatic properties were excellent in terms of synergy effect on perception of sweet flavor. In addition, ‘Misohyang’ fruits could maintain high hardness despite a warm temperature during spring. These physiological characteristics of fruits contribute to its high yields in spring, with an average fruit weight of 20 g. Regarding disease resistance, ‘Misohyang’ showed sensitivity to powdery mildew during nursery period and fruit ripening stage. Since the cultivar ‘Misohyang’ has an excellent flavor with attractive red color, sustainable hardness, and high yields in spring, it is expected to be popularly consumed not only for its fresh fruits, but also for its processed fruits.

19세기 후반 조선에 들어온 기독교는 한국 근대국가의 기틀을 마련하는데 이바지하였다. 그러나 서구 기독교의 유입은 근대화에 영향을 끼치면서 서구중심주의를 내면화하여, 고유의 전통과 문화를 경시하며 주체적 근대화에 저해하는 요인이 되었다. 신학 분야도 마찬 가지로 한국적 선교신학을 정립하기보다 서구중심주의적 선교신학이 주류를 이루었다. 따라서 본 연구에서 서구중심적 신학을 극복하기 위한 기초작업으로서 서구신학의 명암을 살피고, 네 가지 담론을 다루 었다. 즉, 동화적 담론, 역전적 담론, 혼융적 담론, 해체적 담론 유형으로 구분하여 서구 중심적 신학 극복을 위한 전략과 선교신학적 모형을 탐색하였다. 그리고 「선교신학」에 실린 한국선교신학자들의 관련 논문 을 분석하며 한국적 선교신학의 정립 가능성을 모색하였다.

The macroinvertebrate community in the Singal reservoir, Yedang and Juam lake was investigated three times from April 2021 to October 2021. Each lake was investigated by dividing it into inflow, middleflow, and outflow. Additionally, sampling was conducted again by dividing it into the edge and center parts at each inflow, middle-flow, and outflow. Eight families of benthic macroinvertebrates were collected except for chironomids in the sampling sites. Dominant macroinvertebrates were investigated as chironomids, and Tubificidae was sub-dominant organisms. The density of macroinvertebrate community was higher in the edge area than in the center bottom of the lakes. The density of chironomids was low when the water level was high but was high when the water level was low. In the edge area of the middle-flow in Singal reservoir, the density of chironomids was 1,208 ind. m-2 in April when the water level was high, but it increased to 1,401 ind. m-2 in July when the water level was low. Similarly, the density of chironomids at the outflow of Yedang lake was high (1,990 ind. m-2) in July when the water level was low. The density of chironomids also decreased along with the increasing water level at all edge areas of Juam lake. These results indicated that it will be necessary to consider the water level when studying macroinvertebrate communities in the lake.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate seismic performances of a modular house system developed by a simple 4-clip fastening method and double metal assembly made of lightweight metals. In order to evaluate structural and non-structural seismic performances of the system. Shaking table test was carried out with full-scale modular units, and a nonlinear pushover analysis was performed to obtain suitable seismic responses for story drifts, displacements, force resistances and dynamic properties of the system. Through 3D analysis and shaking table test, the current method of lightweight modular metal unit assembly and systems with seismic performance of a 4-clip fastening type modular house were demonstrated safe and effective to seismic design.

In this study, using the developed pilot device, an experiment was conducted with groundwater according to the calcium carbonate concentration and silica concentration for a certain period of time to determine the degree of RO membrane contamination according to water quality. In addition, using wastewater with severe fouling of raw water, the treatment efficiency is compared through an experiment with a pilot device, the operation progress is evaluated for the scale effect, and the stability and convenience of the developed product are considered.

The purpose of this study is to analyze domestic ethical issues and discussions related to the COVID-19 pandemic and to provide basic data for improving various policies and systems to solve ethical issues related to the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 28 documents included in this study are domestic literature conducted or published in 2020 and 2021, immediately after the outbreak of COVID-19, and domestic academic papers or thesis papers including 'Corona OR Covid OR corona' and 'Ethics OR morality' were searched throughout the paper. According to the literature analysis, a total of six topics were found: ethics theory needed in the COVID-19 pandemic, citizens' rights, research ethics such as COVID-19 vaccine development, COVID-19 ethical behavior and experience research, medical resources and vaccine distribution in the COVID-19 pandemic. Since numerous ethical issues are involved in newly created policies and institutions in the process of responding to the COVID-19 pandemic, it has been shown that these ethical discussions are essential to create policies and institutions in reality, not stay at the theoretical level.

This study is conducted to verify the seismic reinforcement effects of internally inserted buckling-restrained braces supported laterally by buckling-restrained rings for the seismic reinforcement of existing reinforced concrete buildings with non-seismic details. First, to evaluate the performance of KDS, the hysteretic characteristics of buckling-restrained braces are verified, and it is discovered that they satisfy the conformance criteria of the displacement-dependent damping device. Three full-scale, two-story reinforced concrete framework specimens are prepared to verify the seismic reinforcement effects, and the proposed buckling-restrained braces are bolstered with single diagonal and V-shaped braces to be compared with non-reinforced specimens. By performing a comparison with non-reinforced specimens that present intensive shear cracks at the bottom of first-floor columns, it is revealed that the maximum load and energy dissipation of specimens reinforced with the proposed buckling restrained braces, in which the structural damage extends evenly throughout the system, are approximately 4 and 6.2 times higher, respectively, which proves the effectiveness of the proposed seismic reinforcement method.

지역적으로 식물 다양성을 보전하기위한 가장 필수적인 항목은 전체 목록의 작성이다. 특히 석회암 지대는 식물다양 성이 높을 뿐만 아니라 특이적인 식물의 분포지로 알려져 있다. 그럼에도 불구하고 보호지역으로 지정된 곳은 소수에 불과하다. 본 연구는 한반도의 중부에 위치한 석회암 지대인 고양산과 문래산 일원에 분포하는 식물현황을 조사하였다. 총 8회의 조사를 통해 113과 357속 592종 15아종 44변종 3품종 654분류군이 관찰되었다. 환경부지정 멸종위기야생식 물은 개병풍, 가시오갈피나무, 복주머니란 및 큰바늘꽃 4분류군이 분포하였다. 한국고유종은 32분류군, 식물구계학적특 정식물종은 Ⅴ등급이 5분류군, Ⅳ등급이 41분류군, Ⅲ등급이 36분류군이 조사되었다. 국가적색목록 평가에 따라 멸종 의 위협이 높은 위기(EN; Endangered)종으로 평가되는 식물은 2분류군, 취약(VU; Vulnerable)종으로 평가되는 식물은 7분류군 그리고 준위협(NT; Near threatened)종으로 평가되는 식물은 7분류군이 분포하였다. 귀화식물은 총 41분류군 이 조사되었고 그중 생태계교란외래식물은 4분류군이 있었다. 본 조사지역인 고양산과 문래산 일원은 석회암 지대 내에서 높은 식물다양성을 나타내고 있고 멸종위기야생식물인 개병풍의 핵심 분포지에 해당할 뿐만 아니라 개야광나무 의 소수 분포지 중 하나를 포함하고 있는 등 보전의 가치가 높은 것으로 평가되었다. 이러한 점에 따라 고양산과 문래산 일원과 주변의 식물다양성이 우수한 지역을 평가하여 특별보호구역으로 지정할 것을 제안한다.

The fish community in the Seomjin River-Seomjin River Estuary-Gwangyang Bay coast continuum was investigated three times from March 2019 to October 2019. The collected species at the eight sites during the survey period were 49 species belonging to 31 families, including two endangered species. According to Bray-Curtis similarities, observations were divided into four groups based on the fish community composition; two groups (group 1, 2) and two uncategorized groups (group 3, 4). ANOSIM based on spatial and temporal groupings indicated that the spatial differences in fish communities (R=0.398, P=0.001) were relatively more important than the temporal differences (analysis of similarities, R=0.273, P=0.002). In particular, there were significant differences between groups 1 and 2 (analysis of similarities, R=0.556, P=0.001), and similarity percentage analysis revealed that Argyrosomus argentatus (9.4%), Favonigobius gymnauchen (6.9%) and Konosirus punctatus (5.9%) contributed to these differences of fish assemblages for each group. The fish fauna distributed in the Seomjin River-Gwangyang Bay ecosystem were spatially divided and the number of species and number of individuals showed seasonal differences. This study could be a basis for understanding changes in the fish community and implementing conservation and management strategies on major species within a continuous environment of the river-estuary-ocean continuum.