This study was carried out to investigate the difference of the content of soil chemical components and growthcharacteristics in six years old ginseng affected by application of decomposing plant residues in paddy-converted field. Theresults show that aerial parts of ginseng are no difference between press cake (PC) 200㎏/10a and control but subterraneanparts of ginseng PC 200㎏/10a, especially quantity related root fresh weight and tap root diameter, are statically about 1.6times heavier and about 1.2 times thicker than the ginseng control. Furthermore, the survival rate of PC 200㎏/10a is67.1% rise significantly compare with the control 50.7%. But compared with the PC 200㎏/10a and the PC 400㎏/10a,ginseng root growth and survival rate of PC 400㎏/10a get worse and that increase physiological disorder occurrence ratethan PC 200㎏/10a. Even though there are no significant differences between the ginseng of decomposing plant residuesexcept press cake treatment and the ginseng of control in growth characteristics, it does tend to increase the survival rateand decrease the physiological disorder occurrence rate in most fertilizer treatment except for RSC 2ton/10a, RSC 4ton/10a and RH 4kL/10a. Noted that EC is highly increased and exceeded 1.7ds/m in RSC 2ton/10a, RSC 4ton/10a and RH4kL/10a. It would be caused physiological disorder in many ways and affected ginseng growth characteristics, survival rate.

To study the cause of physiological disorder in leaf of ginseng cultivated at paddy soil, the degree of brown-colored symptom (BCS) and the contents of inorganic matter in leaf were investigated by irrigating the solution of ferric andferrous iron of 0.1~2.0%, and citric acid of 1.0~4.0% on bed soil, respectively. Ratio of BCS by variety was as high as85.0% in Yoenpoong, while it was as low as 5.4%, 7.5% in Chunpoong and Hwangsook, respectively. The contents ofinorganic matter of leaf in Yoenpoong were lower in P₂O5, Ca, and Mg, while it were higher in K, Fe, and Mn than othervariety. Iron solution caused BCS more distinctly when each ferric and ferrous iron were dissolved with 1.0% citric acidthan when each iron was dissolved without citric acid. Ferric iron caused BCS more effectively than ferrous iron. BCSoccurred in 4.0% citric acid was as same as 2.0% ferric iron mixed with 1.0% citric acid. Low P₂O5 and high Fe content inleaf appeared in both of artificial and natural symptoms. We concluded that excessive Fe uptake caused BCS to leaf becausethe solubility of iron was increased in condition of low soil pH.

Ginsenosides of roots in Panax ginseng were analyzed by metabolic-targeting HPLC using the partial leastsquares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and compared depending on sowing methods between direct seeding andtransplanting method. Score plots derived from PLS-DA could identify the sowing method between the direct seeding andtransplanting method in P. ginseng roots. The ginsenoside compounds were assigned as Rg1, Re, Rf, Rg2, Rb1, Rc,Rb2, Rb3, and Rd. Contents of Re, Rf, Rg2, Rb1, Rc, Rb3, and Rd of main roots produced from the transplanting methodwere relatively higher than those of samples produced from direct seeding method. Also, contents of Rg1, Re, Rf, Rg2, Rb1,Rc, Rb2, Rb3, and Rd of lateral roots from the transplanted samples were relatively higher than those of samples producedfrom direct seeding method. Therefore, HPLC with PLS-DA analysis can be a straightforward tool for identificationof ginsenosides in main or lateral roots of P. ginseng obtained from two different seeding methods between directand transplanting methods.

This study assessed the analysis method for measuring volatile organic silicon compounds (namely as siloxanes) by usinggas chromatography with flame ionization detector. Calibration standard gas was made in a laboratory by using six volatileorganic silicons as model gas. Two different types of working gas were prepared to evaluate quality control in GC-FIDanalysis. Less than 0.2 RSD% of repeatability of retention time was observed in the analysis of calibration standard gas. Inthe linearity test, the highest coefficient of determination (R2) was found to be 0.997 for L2 among volatile organic siliconcompounds. This study demonstrated that quantification of volatile organic silicon compounds can be performed by usingGC-FID analysis with direct injection mode, and the GC calibration can be covered by the gas-phase standard method.

‘천량’은 생리장해 저항성 품종 육성을 목적으로 1999년도 경기도 여주 농가 포장에서 수집해 2002년에 개체를 선발하 였고, 2003년부터 2006년까지 특성검정과 2007년도부터 2009년도까지 생산력검정시험을 실시하였다. ‘음성1호’의 계 통명을 부여한 후 2010년부터 2011년까지 지역적응시험을 실시한 결과, 다수성이면서 염류저항성이 강한 품종으로 인정 되었고, 2011년에 직무육성 신품종 선정위원회에서 신규 등 재 품종으로 선정되어 ‘천량’으로 명명하였다. ‘천량’의 잎색 은 녹색이며, 소엽 가로 자른면의 모양이 볼록형으로 대조품 종인 ‘천풍’의 오목형과 비교된다. 줄기의 색깔은 전체가 연 두색이나 엽병 주위와 기부에 연한 자색을 나타낸다. ‘천량’ 의 열매색과 잎노화색은 적색을 나타내나 대조품종에서 등황 색, 황색을 나타내어 확연히 구분이 되었다. ‘천량’은 ‘천풍’ 보다 출아기는 2일, 개화기는 3일 그리고 과육성숙기는 5일 빨랐다. 4년생에서 ‘천량’의 경장은 41.3 cm로 ‘천풍’에 비해 짧았으며, 경직경은 6.4 cm로 ‘천풍’에 비해 더 굵었고, 엽장, 엽폭, 엽병장도 ‘천풍’보다 더 길었다. ‘천량’의 근장과 동체 장은 대조품종과 비슷하며, 동직경은 대조품종보다 5.3 mm 굵었고, 주당 생근중은 57.0 g으로 ‘천풍’보다 더 무거웠다. ‘천량’의 주당 열매수는 ‘천풍’보다 더 적게 맺혔으나 천립중 은 53.1 g으로 ‘천풍’보다 무거웠고 개갑률은 ‘천풍’보다 5.4% 높게 나타나 우량 묘삼 생산에 유리할 것으로 생각되었 다. ‘천량’의 수량은 생산력검정을 한 결과 평균 수량이 536 kg/10 a로 ‘천풍’보다 12% 증수되었다. ‘천량’은 모잘록병과 탄저병에 대해서는 저항성을 나타내었으며, 점무늬병에서는 중도 저항성을 나타내었다. 역병과 뿌리썩음병은 거의 발생되 지 않았고 가루깍지벌레와 선충 등 충해에 대해서는 저항성 을 나타내었다. ‘천량’은 염류 과다로 발생되는 지상부의 황 증 현상과 지하부 적변삼 증상은 거의 나타나지 않았으며, 고 온에는 중도 저항성을 나타내어 천풍보다 강하게 나타났다. 인삼의 주요 성분인 ginsenoside 함량 중 total 함량은 22.18 mg/g으로 ‘천풍’과 비슷하게 나타났으며, 조사한 ginsenoside 8종류 중 Rb1과 Rf를 제외한 6종류의 함량은 ‘천량’이 높게 나타났다.

‘보원’은 단경, 소분지 계통인 ‘SP8603-16-2-B(찌바한다치 /대광땅콩)’를 모본으로 하고 내병, 대립 특성을 가지는 대원 땅콩을 부본으로 하여 2001년도에 작물시험장에서 육성한 품 종이다. ‘보원’은 신풍초형(Arachis hypogaea ssp. fastigiata) 으로 키가 작고 지상부 생육 습성이 완전 직립형이다. 분지수 가 적고 꼬투리가 달리는 포기주변 반경이 작아 기계화 재배 에 유리하며 조숙형이다. 협당립수는 2립이고 종피색은 살색 이며 100립중이 ‘대광땅콩’보다 더 무거운 91 g으로 대립종 에 속한다. ‘보원’은 그물무늬병 저항성이 ‘대광땅콩’ 보다 강 하며 수확기의 낙엽정도가 대광땅콩보다 낮고 도복저항성도 ‘대광땅콩’ 보다 더 높다. ‘보원’의 수량성은 지역적응시험에 서 3개년간 평균수량이 3,720 kg/ha으로 ‘대광땅콩’ 보다 12 ～18% 증수를 보여 전국평균 17%의 증수를 보였고 연차간 및 지역간 변이가 ‘대광땅콩’ 보다 적어 수량안정성이 높다.

The present study aims to provide an analytical framework for achieving aid and development effectiveness of agricultural cooperation with a demand-oriented perspective. This paper pays particular attention to categorize the stages of agricultural development of African recipients to identify demands for agricultural aid of the categorized groups. To do so, first of all, it establishes theoretical background to apply the demand-oriented concept and utilize the phase of agricultural development as an alternative for aid and development effectiveness. On the basis of the theoretical robustness, it conducts a series of analyses to categorize the African recipients by the development stages, incorporating factor analysis, cluster analysis and comparison between the present-future agricultural development levels. The findings propose analysis indicators for phase of agricultural development and clustered results including 18 countries of KAFACI members and priority countries in Africa. In addition to the practical application of the results, the methodological flow can be used as steps for sketching a future roadmap to construct the demand-oriented ODA(Official Development Assistance) plan. This paper also offers implications regarding ODA strategy of Korea in response to the phase of agricultural development and the aid demands.

신재생 에너지인 바이오가스는 혐기성 소화과정과 폐기물 매립지의 생물학적 분해작용에 의하여 생성되는 물질이다. 바이오가스는 메탄과 이산화탄소로 구성되어 있으며 그 외 미량불순물인 황화수소, 암모니아, 실록산 등이 존재한다. 이 중 실록산은 바이오가스가 에너지화 설비 내로 유입되어 연소되었을 때 이산화규소로 전환 된다. 이산화규소는 설비 표면에 첨착되어 스케일을 형성하고 설비의 마모와 성능 효율 감소를 일으킬 수 있다. PDMS(polydimethylsiloxanes)는 생활용품이나 샴푸나 소포제, 윤활유와 같은 제조산업에서 원료로 사용되며 하수처리장으로 유입되어 혐기성 소화과정 중 휘발성 실록산으로 전환 될 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 하수처리장 농축슬러지를 이용한 BMP(Biochemical methane potential) test를 실시하여 혐기성 조건에서 실록산의 발생 특성을 알아보고자 하였다. 또한 혐기성과정 중 미생물의 활성도를 파악하기 위하여 탈수소효소를 측정하였다. BMP test는 125 mL 세럼병에 농축슬러지 50 mL와 PDMS 3 g를 주입하여 질소 치환 후 36℃의 항온기에서 실시되었다. 실록산 가스 분석은 GC/FID를 이용하였으며 미생물 활성도를 파악하기 위한 탈수소효소 분석은 TTC(2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride) 용액과 TPF(triphenyl formazan)용액을 이용하였다. 실험결과 15일 경과 후 이산화탄소와 메탄가스는 12%, 27%로 각각 생성되었으며 실록산의 농도는 시간에 따라 D4, 49 mg/m³, D5, 18 mg/m³ 내외로 발생되었다. 탈수소효소는 0일일 때 36.29±4.04 TF mg/L에서 15일 경과 후 25.43±0.50로 감소하였다. 이와 같은 결과는 PDMS가 혐기성 미생물에 의하여 분해되는 과정 중에서 휘발성 실록산이 발생되며, 미생물의 활성도에도 영향을 미치는 것으로 관찰되었다.

This study was carried out to investigate the difference of the content of soil chemical components and growth characteristics in five years old ginseng affected by application of manure in paddy-converted field. As all livestock manure regardless of kinds increased along with the whole soil chemical component, including the pH and EC in 2008. Change in the EC of control plot was slightly increased but not exceeded 1 ds/m over the years. However, the changes in the EC of livestock manure regardless of kinds and amounts were highly increased and irregularly exceeded 1.5 ds/m in 2012. The 5 years old ginseng root fresh weight, treatment of fertilizing pig manure compost 4 ton per 10 areas (PMC 4t on/10a) and fowl manure compost 4 ton per 10 areas (FMC 4 ton/10a), were superior to the others. But there were no difference between PMC 4 ton/10a, FMC 4 ton/10a and control. The standing crop rate 39.6%, treatment of fertilizing cattle manure compost 4 ton per 10 areas (CMC 4 ton/10a), was best in all livestock manure. However that was relatively lower than control. Physiological disorder occurrence rates of livestock manure related with leaf and root of ginseng were also higher than that of control. If excessively using non-decomposed livestock manure, It would be caused physiological disorder in many ways. It is a big problem to be producing the quality ginseng. More research is needed to find out the economic and effective fertilizer.