지하수나 폐수 등에 포함된 독성을 가진 음이온류나 양이온류 등의 유독물질을 경제적으로 처리하는데 탁월한 분리기능을 가진 것으로 알려진 전기투석공정에 사용하기 위해 음이온 교환 복합막을 제조하여 그 전기화학적인 특성을 조사하였다. 다양한 조성의 vinylbenzylchloride (VBC)와 divinylbenzene (DVB) 그리고 α,α-azobis(isobutyronitrile) (AIBN)으로 이루어진 단량체 용액에 다공성 지지체인 poly(ethylene) (PE)을 함침한 후 열중합 가교시켜 poly(VBC-DVB)/PE 복합막을 생성한 다음 trimethylamine(TMA)과 acetone을 이용해 음이온 교환기(-N + (CH3)3)를 함유하는 복합막을 제조하였다. 음이온 교환막 제조시 VBC/DVB의 비율과 TMA/Acetone의 비율에 따른 막의 함수율, 이온교환용량(IEC) 및 전기저항을 조사하였다. 그 결과 제조된 막들은 사용된 PE지지체의 얇은 막두께에 기인하여 아스톰사의 상용화 음이온 교환막(AMX)보다 높은 IEC와 낮은 전기저항 및 낮은 함수율 등을 나타내는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 본 실험에서 제조된 복합막은 저렴한 제조비용과 우수한 전기화학적 특성으로 정수 및 폐수처리를 위한 전기투석공정에 충분히 적용될 수 있음을 알 수 있었다.

Ambrosia beetle, Platypus koryoensis, is a vector of oak wilt disease caused by Raffaelea sp. in Korea. The degree of damage by oak wilt disease was dependent on the density of the beetles in the oak trunk, a relationship between the degree of damage by oak wilt disease and the density of beetle on the basis of the number of entry hole was studied. Entry hole distribution within tree trunk was analyzed by the nearest neighbor method. Thirty four oak trees (Quercus mongolica) located in survey area were selected and then degree of damage, the number of attack hole/623 ㎠ in upper (50 ㎝ from the surface) and lower (surface) trunk and the nearest neighbor distance between the holes were measured. The number of hole and the nearest neighbor distance in upper and lower part were positively correlated with each other. As the degree of damage was severer, the number of the holes increased, whereas the nearest neighbor distance decreased. The distribution pattern of the hole was changed from clumped one to uniform as the severity of damage increased. These results suggested that Platypus koryoensis attacked the oak tree in concentrative manner at initial stage of attack but at final stage, it distributed uniformly to reduce intraspecific competition between the beetles.

침엽수 수종별 서식하는 천공성 딱정벌레(Coleoptera)의 군집상을 비교하기 위해 2007년 4월부터 10월까지 15일 간격으로 말레이즈 트랩을 이용하여 하늘소과(Cerambycidae), 소바구미과(Anthribidae), 바구미과(Curculionidae), 나무좀과(Scolytidae)를 채집하였다. 채집 조사지는 전국 각도에서 이루어졌으며 강원도, 충청남도, 전라북도, 경상북도의 소나무 숲과 전라남도, 경상남도, 제주도의 해송 숲 그리고 경기도, 충청북도의 잣나무 숲에서 수행되었다. 조사지에 설치된 말레이즈 트랩에 채집된 천공성 딱정벌레류를 종 수준까지 동정하였으며 각 지역별 종 다양성, 종별 풍부도를 추정하였다. 전국적으로 채집된 하늘소과 29속 41종, 소바구미과 12속 14종, 바구미과 42속 64종, 나무좀과는 8속 20종의 천공성 딱정벌레가 채집되었다. 소나무 숲의 지역별 하늘소과 다양도는 10~15종, 소바구미과 2~6종, 바구미과 9~17종, 나무좀과 2~8종이었고 잣나무 숲의 지역별 하늘소과 다양도는 5~15종, 소바구미과 3~4종, 바구미과 10~18 나무좀과는 6~8종이었으며 해송 숲의 지역별 하늘소과 다양도는 2~11종, 소바구미과 2~4종, 바구미과 6~18종, 나무좀과 4~8종이었다.

There were many researches on marine transportation and granaries, most of which focused on the historical establishment and organization of the marine transportation. However, a few researches were conducted on the architectural aspects. Hence the purposes of this study are to investigate the following matters: first, documents and relics concerning the tribute granary castle at Cape Gongse in Asan, a typical granary during the Joseon Dynasty, were investigated to academically understand the castle's establishment and historical background; second, the dispositional characteristics of the granary and the castle, including its adjacent facilities, were investigated to review its archaeological value; finally, basic materials were provided for systematical preservation and management these relics. As for the research method, the author referred to and analyzed sundry records and old maps, and ascertained in detail historical evidence through residential testimonies and the on-the-spot surveys. In addition, the author investigated the dispositional characteristics of the tribute granary castle at Cape Gongse by analyzing its exact size and shape, based on the old documents and an actual survey of the castle remains. The characteristics of the tribute granary castle at Cape Gongse may be summarized as follows. First, tribute granary at cape Gongse is a only tribute granary which has a granary and castle. second, the tribute granary castle at Cape Gongse has a curvilinear shape, like a gourd dipper; a large circle surrounding the village and a small circle surrounding the area of Mt. Shinpoong both meet up with it. Third, the construction type of the tribute granary castle at Cape Gongse is in a style similar to a town castle or a battle camp castle located in the coastal regions. As for its locational conditions, however, the east gate, presumably an incoming and outgoing route to the granary for vessels, was a feature unique to the marine granary castle. Fourth, the tribute granary at Cape Gongse had a granary of eighty kan in 1523 and, in addition, there were also Bongsang-cheong, Sa-chang, Joseon-sobakcheo, Chimhae-dang, and more, not to mention many privates houses in the castle. The granary is located in the center of the tribute granary castle, where Gongse Nonghyub is currently located. The location of the government offices seemed to be on the northern ridge. Fifth, the tribute granary castle at Cape Gongse is a valuable relic that offers insight into marine transportation, tribute granaries, and tribute granary castles during the Joseon Dynasty. It has special archaeological value because it was one of only a few tribute granary castles that served to protect the tribute granaries.

It is essential to develop the shield for the extraction of high quality neutron beam and safe work at the sample position. The aim of this study is design, fabrication and filling of the shield in domestic. In consideration of ST-3 beam port of HANARO, we designed the reflectometer shield composed of 14 blocks and fabricated it shield casemate. Through the assembly and quality test of the shield casemate, we established the method of fabrication for neutron beam path and channel. In order to increase shield capacity, we filled shield casemate with heavy concrete, lead ingot and polyethylene that mixed B4C powder and epoxy. The average density of the filled heavy concrete was 4.7g/cm3, which can protect neutron and gamma ray effectively. Also, we developed ancillary equipment such as beam gate unit(BGU, vertical type) for the effective opening and closing of neutron beam. Shielding block was proved by suitable thickness as result that measure surface dosage using of detector and TLD. The acquired technique of design, fabrication and filling of ancillary equipment development can be applicable to the development of shield for the other neutron spectrometer in future.

본 시험은 봄철 노지재배시 막덮기 피복자재가 녹색꽃양배추의 생육 및 수량에 미치는 영향을 구명코자 수행하였다. 막덮기와 유공필름처리에서 무처리에 비하여 3~4℃의 기온상승 및 2~3℃지온 상승효과를 보였으며 상대습도에 있어서도 높게 유지되었다. 막덮기와 유공필름처리에서 생체중, 근중 등 생육이 크게 향상되었다. 이상화뢰의 발생은 막덮기 피복처리에서 가장 적었다. 출뢰일은 38~40일로 처리간 큰 차이가 없었으나, 화뢰중은 막덮기 피복과 유공필름처리에서 400g이상으로 무처리에 비하여 2배 이상 증가되었다. 첫 수확일은 막덮기 처리에서 무처리에 비하여 2주 이상 빨라 조기수확이 가능하였다 상품수량에서도 막덮기와 유공필름처리에서 1,600kg/10a이상으로 많았으며 다음이 P.E. 무처리순으로 무처리에서 857kg으로 가장 적었다. 250g 이상의 화뢰중 비율도 막덮기 처리에서 고르게 분포되었다. 이처럼 봄철 막덮기 자재를 이용한 녹색꽃양배추 재배시 조기수확과 증수는 물론 품질향상을 기할 수 있었다

fine powder was synthesized by hydrothermal process from the mixture of titania-hydroxide() and barium hexa-hydroxide () as starting materials. Fine powder(< 100 nm) was made under the reaction conditions of 18,10 atm, 1.5 hr in autoclave and showed cubic structure. The powders were sintered by a spark plasma sintering technique from 1050~115 for 5 min. The grains of sample sintered at 110 were about 0.9 in average size and showed the mixture of cubic and tetragonal structures.

In the case of conventional soft robots, the basic stiffness is small due to the use of flexible materials. Therefore, there is a limitation that the load that can bear is limited. In order to overcome these limitations, a study on a variable stiffness method has been conducted. And it can be seen that the jamming mechanism is most effective in increasing the stiffness of the soft robot. However, the jamming mechanism as a method in which a large number of variable act together is not even theoretically analyzed, and there is no study on intrinsic principle. In this paper, a study was carried out to increase the stability of the force chain to increase the stiffness due to the jamming transition phenomenon. Particle size variables, backbone mechanisms were used to analyze the stability of the force chains. We choose a jamming mechanism as a variable stiffness method of a soft robot, and improve the effect of stiffness based on theoretical analysis, modeling FEM simulation, prototyping and experiment.

이 연구에서는 최근 개발된 강섬유 보강 초고성능 콘크리트(UHPSFRC)의 압축연화 거동을 실험을 통해 측정하였다. 압축 연화곡선을 안정적으로 측정하기 위해 실험체의 횡 방향 변형을 제어하여 실험을 수행하였다. 실험에 사용한 UHPFRC의 배 합은 모두 세 가지(M1, M2, M3)이며, 평균 압축강도는 각각 순서대로 131.0, 161.6, 171.5 MPa로 측정되었다. 압축강도와 섬유함유량에 따라 압축연화곡선의 거동이 다르게 나타났다.

Kimchi cabbage (known as Chinese cabbage) is major vegetable in Korea. An inbred line of ‘Wonkyo20038ho’, was developed by the National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, RDA in Republic of Korea. The microspore culture was carried out using ‘Chunhuigohangwang’ which was introduced from China in 2002. Among 3 DH inbred lines, ‘Wonkyo20038ho’ inbred line was finally selected after field exhibition in 2009. The horticultural traits of ‘Wonkyo20038ho’ inbred line; half-open head, white inner leaf colour, and dark green outer leaf colour. The average (for four years) head weight was 2025.3g, and head width and height were 15.8cm and 32.4cm, respectively. Head shape was narrow elliptic and degree of overlapping leaf was medium. Numbers of outer and internal leaves were 14.1 and 49.8, respectively. Harvest maturity was mid-late maturing type and average of seed yield for five years was 926 seeds. In addition, ‘Wonkyo20038ho’ inbred line is suitable for salad in that it possessed few trichome and narrow elliptic head shape.

We have studied the technology to extend the storage period of ‘Seolhyang’ strawberries using modified atmosphere package (MAP) and ethyl pyruvate (EP) treatment for domestic distribution and export. The selected ripe strawberries harvested on December 28, 2016 at the Sancheong farmhouse were transported to the laboratory for 2 h and tested. After a day’s precooling at 4℃, the strawberries were divided into seven experimental groups. These groups were control, active MAP using low density polyethylene (LDPE), active MAP using polyamide (PA), active MAP using PA with EP treatment, passive MAP using LDPE, passive MAP using PA and passive MAP using PA with EP treatment. Quality analysis was carried out every 4 days during the storage period of 16 days. During the storage period of 16 days, MAP decreased from 3.5% to less than 1.1% in weight loss ratio compared with control, and decreased from 36% to less than 7% in fungal incidence. In the case of fungi in the EP treatment group, hyphae did not grow on the outside of the strawberry but grew to the inside. This tendency was similar to that in the low oxygen and high carbon dioxide environment of the MAP, the mycelium of the fungus did not grow outside of the strawberry. Fungi are the biggest problem in the distribution and export of strawberries, and these results suggest that MAP alone could inhibit mold and increase shelf life.

고온기 결구상추의 선도유지 및 수급조절에 효과적인 포장조건을 구명하기 위하여 연구를 수행하였다. 수확 후 결구상추를 골판지 상자, 농산물 유통상자(P box), 개별 랩핑 등 세 가지 방법으로 포장한 후 2℃에 저장하며 품질변화를 분석하였다. 그 결과 개별 랩핑 한 결구상추의 중량감소율이 다른 처리구보다 적었고, 저장 중 색변화 및 갈변도가 가장 낮았다. 또한 다른 포장방법에 비하여 개별 랩핑 한 결구상추의 엽록소 함량 및 경도 감소가 적었다. 총 페놀함량 및 DPPH 라디컬 소거능의 경우 저장 중 개별 랩핑 한 결구상추의 값이 높았으나 포장방법에 따른 차이는 적었다. 저장 중 결구상추의 외관은 개별 랩핑 하였을 때 가장 우수하였으며 반으로 절단하여 골판지 상자에 포장한 결구 상추는 저장 14일부터 내부갈변이 발생하여 품질이 저하되기 시작하였다. 따라서 고온기 결구상추를 수확 후 개별 랩핑하여 2℃에 저장할 경우 21일간 선도유지에 효과적이며 수급조절에도 도움을 줄 수 있으리라 판단된다.

Inappropriate storage of fresh-cut onions may result in losses of good quality. To understand storage conditions for shelf-life and quality of fresh-cut onions, The effect of packing type and storage temperature on the quality of fresh-cut onions was evaluated. Onions stored at 0℃ for 2 months were peeled off after removing root and shoot parts. Each three peeled onions were packed in a polyethylene film (PE, 50 μm) or in a polyethylene/polypropylene film (PE/PP, 100 μm) with vacuum treatment (70 cmHg) and stored at different temperatures (4, and 10℃) for 21 days. The following analyses were examined to evaluate the quality of fresh-cut onions: microbial population, surface color, titratable acidity and pH, respiration rate, and sensory quality. Fresh-cut onions stored at 4℃ showed less aerobic and coliform bacterial population than those stored at 10℃ during observation periods. Fungal populations of fresh-cut onions packed in PE film stored at 10℃ increased significantly after 13 days. E. coli was not detected in all treatments during whole storage periods. Surface colors of fresh-cut onions were not affected by packing type and storage temperature, however, color difference (ΔE) of fresh-cut onions in PE/PP film stored at 10℃ was significantly higher than those of other treatments. Titratable acidity of fresh-cut onions was not affected by packing type and storage temperature. However, pH of fresh-cut onions packed in PE film stored at 10℃ increased gradually over the whole storage period. Fresh-cut onions packed in PE film showed higher CO2 and less O2 concentrations at 10℃ than those at 4℃. The sensory quality of fresh-cut onions was significantly affected by packing type and storage temperature after 13 days. Particularly, vacuum treatment in PE/PP film showed better sensory quality than that of PE film package at the same storage temperature. It was concluded that vacuum treatment and storage at 4℃ could be effective to prolong the quality of fresh-cut onions up to 21 days.