Objective : The purpose of this study was to compare the sensory-based behaviors of young children with and without cerebral palsy as reported by their parents on the Short Sensory Profile.Method : Short Sensory Profile questionnaire was completed by parents of 59 children with cerebral palsy 1 through 9 years of age and parents of 129 children without cerebral palsy 1 through 6 years of age.Results : The performance of children with cerebral palsy was significantly different form that of children without cerebral palsy on 4 of 7 factors. Factors were difference found included Movement Sensitivity, Auditory Filtering, Low Energy/Weak, Visual/Auditory Sensitivity. Conclusion : Finding from the study suggest that young children with cerebral palsy have probable deficit in a variety of sensory processing abilities as measured by the Short Sensory Profile. The Short Sensory Profile can provide information about the sensory processing skills of children with cerebral palsy to assist occupational therapist in assessing and planning inter-vention for these children.

Objective: The purposes of this study were to understand behavior problems of preschoolers and to investigate the relationship between behavior problems and the sensory processing skills. Participants: Parents of preschoolers between ages of 4 and 6 who attended D kindergarten or S nursery school in the national capital region. Method: Parents filled out the questionnaire at home from 12th to 14th of August in 2002. We used SSP (short sensory profile) which was used by Kim, Mi-Sun in 2001 to understand the sensory processing skills. We also used CBCL (child behavior checklist) which was reconstructed by Jung, Yeon-Woo in 2001 to understand behavior problems. The results were analyzed with SAS 6.12. Results: 1. The total incidents in behavior problems were 87 out of 200. And the total incidents in sensory processing were 164 out of 190. Among low-ranking patterns, the mark of overactivity was highest with 21.56 point and the mark of flinching activity was lowest with 13.97 point. 2. There was no significant difference in the gender comparison of sensory processing, but there were significant differences in gender comparison of aggressive behavior and flinching behavior in behavior problems. 3. There was no significant finding in age difference. 4. In correlation between behavior problems and sensory processing skills, as the incidents of hyperactivity rose the incidents of underresponsive/seeks sensation and auditory filtering decreased significantly. In relations, as the incidents of anxiety behavior rose the incidents of underresponsive/seeks sensation and auditory filtering decreased significantly. In relations, as the incidents of flinching behavior rose, incidents of movement sensitiveness, low energy and weakness decreased. In relations, as the children acted aggressively the incidents of sensitiveness, low energy, weakness and auditory filtering decreased. In relations, as children acted immaturely the incidents of sensitiveness, underresponsive/seeks sensation, auditory filtering, low energy and weakness decreased significantly. Conclusions: We hope that the children who have behavior problems with difficulties in sensory processing skills can be distinguished on the basis of this study. And we also hope the development of a study which can present the effectiveness of sensory integrative treatment for the children with behavior problems.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to measure the level of stress of cerebral palsy wokers, and to investigate the relationship between the stress and stress inducing factors of cerebral palsy wokers in Korean manufacturing industry. Method: The sample used in this study consists of 66 employees with cerebral palsy. They are employees of the protective employment companies located in Seoul, Inchon and Gyung-gi province. The psycho-social well-being index (PWI), which was designed through modification of Goldberg’s 60-items of General health Questionaire (GHS), was used to measure the stress level. The independent variables are general and disability characteristics, workplace-related characteristics. The collected data were analyzed using SAS version 6.12 program. Results: The results of this study were summarized as follows : The average score for the level of stress response was 55.19 (±19.17). The high risk group was 32% of the woker with cerebral palsy, the latent stress group was 62%, and healthy group was 6%. The overall stress level was very high. The level of stress was significantly higher in respondents who has poor self-perceived health status, who can not satisfied with their job and workplace. Conclusions: In conclusion, the result of this study suggest that appropriate prevocational programs, should be estabilish and provided for reducing the stress of cerebral palsy wokers.

It is expected that the demands of medical services in terms of health medical and social welfare will be increased rapidly due to the development of old-aged society and medical technologies. Accordingly the roles and tasks of the occupational therapist become more important, and the demands for the occupational therapist will be also increased. Therefore more systematic and effective manpower management on the occupational therapists is required. When the occupational therapists are classified by their job sites - clinic, health, and other, this study shows that the proportion of occupational therapist in clinic is the biggest. It is also expected that the proportion will be kept in the future. On this point of view, the demand and supply for the occupational therapists in clinics are discussed in this study. The number of occupational therapists demanded are usually depended upon the factors such as health care needs from public, system of medical fee payment and medical insurance, medical policy, share and coordination system of the role of medical service suppliers, and usage of medical facilities by public. This study shows that even the occupational therapists including the students in college in 2000 itself are over-estimated and over-supplied already under the current system of legislation, even though the estimation on manpower needed in this field shows lack of. In this point of view, this study proposes the measures against the problems expected as follow. 1. Legislative specification In spite of the varieties of the occupational therapy, only 4 categories of therapy -simple therapy, complex therapy, special therapy, activities of daily living adjustment training method - are specified in the insurance category of the law. Moreover, the law stipulates that special therapy and ADL adjustment training method shall be prescribed by the rehabilitation medicine. Thus the occupational therapy could not be requested from neurosurgery and orthopedic surgery at all. Nevertheless, it is strongly requested that patients from pediatrics, psychiatric, geriatrics, neurology, orthopedics as well as rehabilitation medicine shall be regarded as the subjects of the special therapy in the law. 2. Certification of psychiatric health care supplier According to the clause 7 of the psychiatric health law, only 3 groups of psychiatric health specialists including clinical psychologist, nurse, and social welfare specialist can supply a psychiatric health care. Anyhow the job descriptions on the clause 2 of the PH law implementation regulation such as ADL adjustment training, occupational and recreational therapy, etc should be classified as the job of occupational therapist. The psychiatric health care courses including the practices are established for the curriculum of the department of occupational therapy in college. And considering that the development of independent ADL ability for the patients is one of the most critical areas of the occupation therapy discipline, the occupational therapist shall supply the psychiatric health care services, 3. Short of facilities and the alternatives The number of occupational therapy clinics in Korea, 98, is not sufficient. Moreover many of the clinics are at big hospitals in big cities, and only 32 clinics are in regional areas. It is required to inform the government agencies and public opinion leaders that occupational therapy clinics shall not be limited to the big hospitals, rather than health offices managed by government should accept the clinics at first. The ultimate purpose of health services, promoting personal health status and help him to return to the society, is likely accorded with that of occupational therapy. Therefore it is requested that the occupational therapy clinics shall be opened in psychiatric resorts, health offices, special institute for disabled, rehabilitation institutes, and the facilities for old aged persons as well as in hospitals.

The use of food frequency questionnaire to estimate dietary intake has become widespread in epidemiologic studies. It has been suggested that knowledge about a person's usual serving size of each food, in addition to consumption frequency, will improve the accuracy of this method. This study was performed to investigate the nutritional status and one sowing sizes of commonly consumed dishes in Korean college women. Intakes of dish or food in 156 college women were measured by 7-day weighed food records in May, 1992 and May, 1993. For each dish or food, variance in one serving size was partitioned into within-person(intraindividual) and between-person(interindividual) components. All nutrient intakes except vitamin A and vitamin C were less adequate. The major dish groups which contributed to the most daily nutrient intakes were boiled rice, bread, fruits, dairy product, and biscuit and snack groups. In more than 50% of dishes, the within-person variation was greater than between-person variation. And the variety and amount of food which was used in one dish were too variable to make standard recipe.

본 연구는 미술영재교육 연구 동향 분석, 미술영재교육 실태 파악 등을 통해서 미래 미술영재교육의 방향을 탐색하고자 하였다. 미술영재교육 연구 동향 분석 결과 및 시사점은 다음과 같다. 1) 기초 연구의 현장 적용 확대가 필요하다. 2) 기존 연구 주제들을 심화하고 확장하기 위한 노력이 필요하다. 3) 미술영재교육 기관 유형의 명확한 분류와 종류별 세분화된 접근방법이 필요하다. 4) 미술영재에 대한 종단 연구가 필요하다. 미술영재교육 현황 분석의 결과 및 시사점은 다음과 같다. 1) 미술영재 선발 방식에 대한 개선이 필요하다. 2) 미술영재학급 운영 방침 및 프로그램 개선이 필요하다. 학습자의 요구에 따라서 개별화되고 세분화된 프로그램 운영을 고려할 필요가 있다. 3) 사회적 배려대상 영재 선발 및 교육에 대한 관심이 높으나, 이에 대한 적절한 선발 및 교육이 제대로 이루어지는지 점검해야 한다. 4) 미술영재교육기관의 분류 기준을 명료화하여 영재교육체계를 갖추어 나가려는 노력을 해야 한다.

Background : Obesity is a type of metabolic diseases caused by unbalanced in take and consumption of calories. 3T3-L1 is differentiated into adipocytes by various hormones and transcription factors and accumulates intracellular lipid. Therefore, it is important to inhibit the adipocyte differentiation precess for effective obesity inhibition. Aster yomena and Aster glehui are medicinal plant of Compositea family that grows widely in Korea. Aster genus plants have been used to treat snakebite wound or bruises in oriental. The aim of this study was comparison of inhibitory effect oxidation and adipocyte differentiation with Arial parts of A. yomena (AY) and A. glehni (AG). Methods and Results : AY and AG were cultivated from Pyeongchang in Korea, 2018. AY and AG were extracted by 70% ethanol (-E) and water (-W) at room temperature. AG-W has higher phenolic content (6.92 ± 0.23) and AG-E has higher flavonoid content (8.22 ± 0.19) than other extracts. AG-E has higher radical scavenging activity on DPPH and ABTS assay (IC50 value; 104.88 ± 10.50 and 30.06 ± 0.27). In cytotoxity assay, all extracts concentrations of lower 100 ㎍/㎖ were nontoxic to the cells and can be applied for the next assay. The anti-adipogenic effect of extracts were determined in 3T3-L1 cell by Oli Red-O (ORO) staining. The lipid diplot stained with Oil red O was dissolved to determine by microplate-reader. AG-W significantly reduced the adipocyte differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells (70.49%) compared with other extracts (AG-E, AY-W and AY-E). Conclusion : Theses results reveal that the water extract of AG has utility as a functional food material for preventing obesity.

Background : Exposure to Ultraviolet B (UVB) causes oxidative stress, inflammation, pigmentation and severe skin damage. Astragalus membranaceus (AG) has been used as a traditional medicine and have been studied various physiological activities. During the roasting process, bioactive substances is change including antioxidant substances. The aim is study the antioxidant effects and reactive oxygen species (ROS) inhibitory effect of the roasted A. membranaceus (R-AG). on Human dermal fibroblast (HDF) cells. Methods and Results : To prepare of R-AG samples, roasting machine was used. AG and R-AG were extracted to water and 70% ethanol. AG samples were evaluated the antioxidant potential by measuring the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2`-azino-bis 3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) scavenging activities. Additionally, total phenolic contents and total flavonoid contents was compared with antioxidant ingredients. AG and R-AGs were analyzed with HPLC determine the major compounds such as calycosin, mononetin and glycosides. The antioxidant activities of R-AG increased and changed in major compounds. In UVB exposed HDF cells, AGs did not affect cell viability and R-AG inhibited ROS more effectively than AG. Conclusion : From these results, R-AG can inhibit oxidative stress induced UVB in HDF cells.

미술교육은 시대의 흐름과 발맞추려는 연구자들의 다양한 논쟁, 탐구, 연구의 과정을 거쳐 지속적으로 변화를 거듭해오고 있다. 미술교육 학자들의 연구들을 통해 다양한 쟁점들이 부각되었고, 그 논의의 범위와 폭이 확대되었다. 이에 본 연구에서는 미술교육의 변화를 위해, 두드러진 논의와 심도 깊은 연구를 한 미술교육 학자들의 시각을 개별적이며 종합적으로 고찰해 보고자 한다. 이를 위해 주요 학자들의 논문과 연구를 기반으로 미술교육에서 중요하다고 강조해온 이슈들을 개괄하고자 한다. 이는 미술교육의 주요 연구가의 업적을 소개하기 위함이 아니기에, 학자들의 명성과 인지도에 따라 선택하여 소개하기보다 동시대 미술교육의 주요 관심사와 연구 주제들을 개괄하여 미술교육학의 주요 논의를 되짚어보고자 함이다. 미술교육 연구자들의 연구의 흐름과 주장을 살펴보는 것은 과거와 현재 그리고 미래의 미술교육의 주요 이슈들을 한눈에 개괄해볼 수 있는 기회가 될 수 있다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 ‘문화’의 담론을 교육과정에 적극적으로 반영하려고 시도한 학자들의 개별적 연구를 통해, 시각문화의 쟁점, 시각문화 교육과정 탐구, 다문화 교육과정, 사회재건을 위한 다문화논의, 다문화교육의 방법론 등을 탐구했다. 또한 문화를 반영한 연결과 관계의 교육과정을 위한 시도로서 통합 교육과정, 실천적 교육과정, 질적 교육과정에 대한 담론을 기술했다.

점토광물은 지하수 바닥부터 산림에 이르는 지구의 얇은 표면에 해당하는 ‘크리티컬존(critical zone)’에 존재하는 금속원소의 지구화학적 순환에 중요한 역할을 한다. 입자 크기가 매우 작은 점토광 물에 대한 원자 수준(atomistic scale)의 연구는 지구화학적 순환 과정에 대한 정확한 기작(mechanism) 을 규명할 수 있을 뿐만 아니라 재료개발과 같은 산업분야에도 응용될 수 있다. 원자 간의 페어 퍼텐 셜(pair potential)을 파라미터화한 힘 장(force field)을 사용하는 분자동역학(molecular dynamics) 컴퓨 터 시뮬레이션은 원자 수준의 정보를 제공할 수 있기 때문에 실험과 함께 점토광물의 결정구조와 반 응도 연구에 사용된다. 점토광물 시뮬레이션을 위한 힘 장으로는 이팔면체(dioctahedral) 광물을 기반 으로 만들어진 ClayFF 힘 장이 보편적으로 사용된다. 삼팔면체(trioctahedral) 광물 시뮬레이션에도 ClayFF를 사용하는 연구가 보고되고 있으나, 같은 광물을 계산하더라도 각 연구마다 다른 파라미터 값을 사용하고 있기 때문에 파리미터 선택이 시뮬레이션의 정확도에 어떤 영향을 미치는지 체계적인 테스트가 필요하다. 이번 연구에서는 삼팔면체 광물인 수활석, 리자다이트, 활석을 대상으로 팔면체 마그네슘(Mg)의 원자간 페어 퍼텐셜을 나타내는 파라미터 ‘mgo’와 ‘mgh’를 각각 사용하여 분자동역 학 시뮬레이션 계산결과를 비교하였다. 격자상수, 원자 간의 거리 등 삼팔면체 점토광물의 결정구조는 주어진 두 가지 파라미터에 관계없이 거의 일정한 결과를 보여주었지만, 진동 파워 스펙트럼(vibrational power spectrum)으로 계산한 수산기의 진동수는 파라미터에 따라 상대적으로 뚜렷한 차이를 보였다.