논에 설치한 유아등에 채집되는 멸구류를 비전문가들도 쉽게 동정할 수 있도록 인터넷에서 운영할 수 있는 하이퍼텍스트 기반의 검색표를 개발하였다. 그리고 정확성 검정을 위해 곤충 동정 경험이 없는 12명의 대학생을 대상으로 그 효용성을 평가하였다. 그 결과, 흰등멸구의 동정 정확성은 56%에서 83%로 증가하였고, 애멸구의 동정 정확성은 47%에서 80%로 증가하였다. 그러나 벼 멸구의 동정 효율을 높이는데는 충분하지 못한 것으로 나타났다.

Two PU flame-retardant coatings, 2,3-DBPO/N-l00 (DBPON) and 2,3-DBPO/IL (DBPOI), were prepared by curing 2,3-dibromo modified polyester (2,3-DBPO) with isocyanate curing agent Desmodur N-l00 (or Desmodur IL) at room temperature. The physical properties and flame-retardancy of the two coatings were tested and compared. As a result, the pot-life, yellowness index, lightness index difference, 60˚ specular gloss, cross-hatch adhesion, viscosity, and accelerated weathering resistance of DBPON were better than those of DBPOI; the fineness of grind of the two coatings were the same; and the drying time, hardness, and abrasion resistance of DBPOI were better than those of DBPON. The flame retardancy of the flame-retardant coatings increased with the content of the flame retarding component, 2,3-dibromopropanoic acid (2,3-DBP); and the LOI values of the two coatings were in a range of 27~29% when the content of 2,3-DBP was 30wt%.

Drug delivery system(DDS) applied to various fields, such as medicine, cosmetics, agriculture and necessities of life. Among these application fields, DDS is often used as the method of drug dosage into the epidermic skin. We investigated characters of transdermal therapeutic system(TTS) and the skin permeability of that with applying DDS. Chitosan was selected as material of TTS. We investigated the permeation of chitosan ointment containing drug in rat skin using horizontal membrane cell model. Permeation properties of materials were investigated for water-soluble drug such as riboflavin in vitro. We used glycerin, PEG 600 and oleic acid as enhancers. Since dermis has more content water(hydration) than the stratum corneum, skin permeation rate at steady state was highly influenced when glycerin was used in water-soluble drug. The permeation rate of content enhancer and drug was found to be faster than that of content water-soluble drug only. These results showed that skin permeation rate of drug across the composite was manly dependent on the property of ointment base and drug. Proper selection of the polymeric materials which resemble and enhance properties of the delivering drug was found to be important in controlling the skin permeation rate.

In spite of various applications of chitin derivatives from waste marine sources, commercial use of chitin has been limited due to resistance to chemicals and the absense of proper solvents. We prepared chitin through decalcification, bleaching and deproteination from protunus trituberculatus shells by the application of Hackman's method. Structural and chemical properties of chitin were investigated to have proper specific surface area and particle size by IR, BET and PSA. The amount of absorbed water of chitin reached equilibrium by stirring about 15 minutes. The amount of absored water of the prepared chitin were large than the commercial chitin. When prepared chitin tested on dyeing wastewater, they showed better treatment efficiency in COD, suspended solid, and color tests than the commercial chitin. The adsorption capacity increased with decreasing particle size for the prepared chitin. Treatment efficiency for color was increased as the sitirring rate increased. Results show the possibility of the prepared chitin from waste marine sources as a treatment system for dyeing wastewater.

Chitin/chitosan be known as biodegradable natural polymer. However, commercial use of chitin has been limited due to highly resistance to chemicals and the absense of proper solvents. Therefore, we was studied that chitin was prepared by the application of Hackman's method from Protunus trituberculatus shells. And another viscosity chitosan were prepared from chitin which were deacetylated under various concentration of alkali, reaction time and temperature by the application of Mima's method. And crosslinked chitin/chitosan was preparaed from chitin/chitosan with crosslink agent followed by crosslinkage. The major parameters for chitosan manufacturing methods were found to be concentration of alkali solution, reaction time and temperature etc. The effects of these parameters on chitin, another viscosity(molecular weight) chitosan and crosslinked chitin/chitosan were investigated by various analysis apparatus.

TMS(tetramethysilane, Si(CH3)4)를 이용하여 RTCVD(rapid thermal chemical vapor deposition)장치에서 Si(111) 기판 위에 β-SiC(111)를 성장시켰다. 실험변수로는 반응온도, TMS유량, 반응시간, H2유량을 변화시켰으며, XRD, IR, SEM, RBS, TEM등을 이용하여 성장된 박막을 분석하였다. 성장된 박막은 crystallized Si, C또한 Si-H, C-H결합은 관찰할 수 없었으나 다결정이었다. TMS의 유량이 증가함에 따라, 성장온도가 감소함에 따라서 미려한 박막을 성장시킬 수 있었으며, 반응의 활성화에너지는 20kcal/molㆍK이었다.

EMA-co-DAMA were synthesized from 2-diethylaminoethyl metacrylate and ethylhexyl metacrylate in acrylmonomer. To facilitate water emulsification, acrylic copolymer was cationized by acetic acid to produce acetated acrylic copolymer. The structures of the synthesized copolymer and acetated copolymers were confirmed by IR, NMR, and molecular weight was measure by GPC, and C.H.N elemental analysis. Acetated acrylic copolymers were perfectly emulsified in water and showed increased emulsion stability. Polymer dispersion for cement modifier[(PDCM-PED) water proof agent of cement for concrete in building construction] was prepared by blending of the guaternized acrylic copolymer syndisized above, sodium silicate, sodium gluconate and oleic acid emulsion. The result with prepared polymer dispersion of cement modifier was examined, and it was found that excellent waterprooffing effect ; Water permeability ratio is 0.50 under the water pressure of 100g/cm2 and 0.60 under 3kg/cm2, and water absorption ratio is 0.42~0.50 and 1.0~1.02 compressive strength ratio at mixed of water/PDCM-PED is 50 times.

Fluorenylidene chalcone derivatives were synthesized by condensation. The structure of these compounds were ascertained by means of UV, melting point, IR and 1H-NMR spectra. The nucleophilic addition reaction kinetics of Thioglycolic acid to fluorenylidene chalcone was investigate by UV in 20% dioxane-H2O at 25℃. The rate equation which were applied over a wide pH1.0~13.0 range. On the basis of general base catalysis and confirmation of addition reaction product, the nucleophilic addtion reaction kinetics of thioglycolic acid to fluorenylidene chalcone were measured by the pH change. From the result of the above caption, a plausible nucleophilic addition reaction mechanism of thioglycolic acid to fluorenylidene chalcone was proposed. These compounds may be used as the starting materials for the preparation of the engineering plastics or the germicide.

The hydrolysis reaction kinetics of 2-thienyl chalcone derivatives [II]~[V] was investigated by ultraviolet spectrophotometery in 20% dioxane-H2O at 25℃ and the structure of these compounds were ascertained by means of ultraviolet, infrared and NMR spectra. The rate equations which were applied over a wide pH range(pH 1.0~13.0) were obtained. The substituent effects on 2-thienyl chalcone derivatives[II]~[V] were studied, and the hydrolysis were facilitated by electron attracting groups. On the basis of the rate equation, substitutent effect and final product, the plausible hydrolysis reaction mechanism was proposed : At pH 1.0~9.0, not relevant to the hydrogen ion concentration, neutral H2O molecule competitvely attacked on the double bond. By contraries, above pH 9.0, it was proportional to concentration of hydroxide ion.

The kinetics of the addition of thiourea to cinnamenylisophorone derivatives(X : H, p-Br, p-CH3 m-CH3, p-OCH3) was investigated using ultraviolet spectrophotometry in 20%(v/v) dioxane-H2O at 25℃. A rate equation which can be applied over wide pH range(pH 1.0~13.0) was obtained. In order to investigate the substituent effects of cinnamenylisophorone derivatives. Hammett constant was plotted. As the result, the rate of uncleophilic addition of thiourea to cinnamenylisophorone derivatives was facilitated by electron donating group. It was found that addition of neutral thiourea which was not dissociated at the pH 1.0~9.0 was proceeded, the reaction was proceeded by addition of dissociated anion of thiourea above the pH 10.0. On the basis of this kinetic study, the reaction mechanism of nucleophilic addition of thiourea was investigated.

The hydrolysis kinetics of 2-furyl chalcone derivatives [I]~[V] was investigated by ultraviolet spectrophotometery in 30% dioxane-H2O at 25℃ and the structure of these compounds were ascertained by means of ultraviolet, infrared and NMR spectra. The rate equations which were applied over a wide pH range(pH 1.0~12.0) were obtained. The substituent effects on 2-furyl chalcone derivatives [I]~[V] were studied, and the hydrolysis were facilitated by the electron attrecting groups. On the basis of the rate equation, substituent effect, general base effect and final product. the plausible hydrolysis mechaism was proposed: Below pH 4.0, it was only proportional to concentration of hydronium ion, at pH 4.0~9.0, neutral H2O molecule competitively attacked on the double bond. By contrast, above pH 9.0, it was proportional to concentration of hydroxide ion.

시약급 망간염과 폐건전지에서 회수한 망간염 수용액을 전해액으로 사용하고, 0.2% 저탄소 연강을 가용성 양극으로, SUS 304 스테인레스 강을 음극으로 하여 전기분해 법에 의해 생성된 망간 페라이트의 화학조성 및 열적, 자기적 성질을 조사한 결과 다음과 같다. MnxFe3-xO4(O<X<3) 산화물은 X=1에서 스핀넬형 망간 페라이트가 생성되었고, 망간함량이 증가할수록 200˚C까지는 중량감소량이 직선적으로 증가하였다. 망간함량과 가열온도가 증가할수록 보자력이 감소하고 포화자화도 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 시약급 염화망간염을 전해액으로하여 생성시킨 망간 페라이트가 황산망간 및 폐건전지에서 회수한 망간염을 전해액으로 사용하여 제조한 망간 페라이트 보다 포화자화값이 높았다. 200˚C, 300˚C로 가열하였을 때, 폐건전지에서 침출한 황산망간염을 전해액으로 하여 생성시킨 망간 페라이트가 시약급 황산망간염을 전해액으로 하여 생성시킨 망간 페라이트 보다 포화자화와 잔류자화값이 높았다. 생성된 입도는 모두 구형이었고, 시약급 황산망간염을 전해액으로 하여 생성시킨 망간 페라이트에서는 0.1μm, 폐건전지에서 침출한 황산망간염을 전해액으로 하여 생성시킨 망간 페라이트에서는 0.5μm 범위의 미립자로 생성되었다.

The kinetics of the addition of 1-benzylindole-3-(p-substituted) acetophenone derivatives was investigated by ultraviolet spectrophotometery in 30% dioxane -H2O at 25℃. A rate equation which can be applied over wide pH range was obtained. The Substituent effects on 1-benzylindole-3-(p-substituted) acetophenone derivatives were studied, and addition were facilitated by electron attracting groups. On the base of the rate equation, substituent effect, and general base effect the plausible addition mechanism was proposed : Below pH 3.0, only neutral thiourea molecule was added to the carbon-carbon double bond, and in the range of pH 0.0~14.0, netural thiourea molecule and thiourea anion competitively attacted the double bond. By contrast, above pH 10.0, the reaction was dependent upon only the addition of thiourea anion.

The kinetic of hydrolysis for cinnamylidene aniline derivatives has been investigated by ultraviolet spectrophotometry in 20% (v/v) dioxane - H2O at 25℃. A rate equation which can be applied over wide pH range was obtained. The substituent effects on cinnamylidene aniline derivatives were studied and the hydrolysis was facilitated by electron attracting group. Final products of the hydrolysis were cinnamaldehyde and aniline. From the rate equation, substituent effect and final products, the hydrolysis of cinnamylidene aniline derivatives was initiated by the neutral molecule of H2O which does not dissociate at below pH 9.0~12.0, but proceeded by the hydrogen ion at above pH 5.0~9.0.

The Kinetics of the addition of benzalacetophenone derivatives was investigated by ultraviolet spectrophotometery in 5% dioxane H2O at 50℃. A rate equation was obtained in wide range of pH. The substituent effects on benzalacetophenone derivatives were studied, and addition were facilitated by electron attracting groups. The final product was benzalacetophenone-β-thioglycolic acid synthesized by the addition of thioglycolic acid to benzalacetophenone. On the base of the rate equation, substituent effect, general base effect and final product, the plausible addition mechanism was proposed: Below pH 9.0, only neutral thioglycolic acid molecule was added to the carbon-carbon double bond, and in the range of pH 9.0~11.0, neutral thioglycolic acid molecule and thioglycolic acid anion competitively attacted the double bond. By contrast, above pH 11.0, the reaction was dependent upon only the addition of thioglycolic acid anion.

The effects of six kinds of phosphate complex on the water holding capacity (W.H.C) and protein solubility of hair tail, yellow tail runner and dried pollack meat paste were investigated and animal meat(pork, chicken and hare meat complex). The formulation of six kind of phosphate complex employed to this experiment were made by mixing several phosphate such as sodium polyphosphate, sodium pyrophosphate, sodium acid pyrophosphate, potassim pyrophosphate, sodium ultra-meta-phosphate, sodium-tetra-phosphate and monoglyceride at different mixture ratio. Among the six kinds of phosphate complex, phosphate B complex which was formulated by mixing sodium polyphosphate 40%, sodium pyrophosphate 30%, sodium tetra mata phosphate 10%, sodium ultra meta phosphate 10% was most effective on enchanging the W. H. C. and protein solubility of hair tail, yellow tail runner dried pollack meat past and in case of pork, chicken and hare meat paste. Phosphate C complex which was formulated by mixing sodium polyphosphate 50%, sodium pyrophosphate 30%, sodium tetra meta phosphate 10%, potassium pyrophosphate 10%, was more effective them other phosphate complex, and thier optimum addition level was 0.5% respectively in weight of fish meat paste. Texture characterstics such as hanrdness, cohesiveness and springiness value of Kamaboko(fish meat and pork, chicken, hare meat complex past meat product) were evaluted as best when 0.5% of phosphate B complex was added. The optimum cooking condition of Kamaboko to get good texture was heating for 20 minutes at 120℃.

The Kinetics of the Hydrolysis of benzalacetophenone derivatives has been investigated by ultraviolet spectrophotometry in 5% dioxane - H2O at 50℃. A rate equation which can be applied over wide pH range was obtained. The substituent effect on the hydrolysis of benzalacetophenone derivatives were facilitated by electron attracting groups. Based on the rate equation, substituent effect, general base effect, activation parameters and final product, the hydrolysis of benzalacetophenone derivatives seems to be initiated by the netural molecule of H2O which does not dissociate at below pH 9.0 but proceeded by the hydroxide ion at above pH 11.0. In the range of pH 9.0~11.0 these two reactions occur competitively.

The rate constants of the hydrolysis of cinnamanilide derivatives were determined UV spectrometry in H2SO4 (5~20N), NaOH(5~11N) at 50~110℃ and rate equation could be applied over a strong acid and strong base were obtained. Final product of the hydrolysis was a cinnamic acid. The σ values obtained from the slope of linear plots of log kabs vs. Hammet tΣ constants were slightly negatives, Substituents on cinnamanilide showed a relatively small effect, with hydrolysis facilitated be electron donating group. Activation energy(Ea)was also calculated for the hydrolysis of the cinnamanilide. From this reaction rate equation, substituent effect and experimental of rate constants, that the hydrolysis of cinnamanillde was Initiated by the netural molecule of H2O which do not dissociate at strong acid, and proceeded by hydroxide ion at strong base.