The experiment was conducted to determine the changes in seed productivity of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) according to nitrogen fertilization levels in the southern region of Korea. Italian ryegrass (IRG) variety 'Green Call' was sown in the fall of 2021 in Jinju, Gyeongsangnam-do. The experiment consisted of three nitrogen fertilizer levels (100, 120, and 140 N kg/ha) with three replications using a randomized complete block design. Harvesting was done approximately 30 days after heading on May 18th. There was no difference in heading date among treatments, which occurred on April 18th. The longest IRG was observed in the 140 N kg/ha treatment, but there was no significant difference. No significant differences were observed in lodging, disease resistance, and cold tolerance among treatments, but lodging was severe in all treatments. The length of the spike averaged 44.95 cm, with no difference among treatments, and the number of seeds per spike was highest in the 120 N kg/ha treatment. Seed yield increased with increasing nitrogen fertilizer levels, averaging 3,707 kg/ha (as-fed basis). DM content of seed and straw averaged 76.95% and 62.19%, respectively, with no significant differences among treatments. The remaining straw after harvesting averaged 6,525 kg/ha on a dry matter basis, with the highest value observed in the 140 N kg/ha treatment. Overall, considering the results, the optimal nitrogen fertilizer application rate for seed production of Italian ryegrass in the southern region when sown in autumn was found to be 120 N kg/ha.

In this work, we have designed a novel gas inlet structure for efficient usage of growth and doping precursors. Our previous gas injection configuration is that the gas is mixed to one pipe first, then divided into two pipes, and finally entered the chamber symmetrically above the substrate without a jet nozzle. The distance between gas inlet and substrate is about 14.75 cm. Our new design is to add a new tube in the center of the susceptor, and the distance between the new tube and substrate is about 0.5 cm. In this new design, different gas injection configurations have been planned such that the gas flow in the reactor aids the transport of reaction species toward the sample surface, expecting the utilization efficiency of the precursors being improved in this method. Experiments have shown that a high doping efficiency and fast growth could be achieved concurrently in diamond growth when methane and diborane come from this new inlet, demonstrating a successful implementation of the design to a diamond microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition system. Compared to our previous gas injection configuration, the growth rate increases by 15-fold and the boron concentration increases by ~ 10 times. COMSOL simulation has shown that surface reaction and precursor supply both have a change in determining the growth rate and doping concentration. The current results could be further applied to other dopants for solving the low doping efficiency problems in ultra-wide-band-gap semiconductor materials.

Silk fibroin (SF) from silkworms has special qualities, and these qualities have drawn a lot of interest lately in SF-based hydrogels for a range of biological applications. However, because there is a dearth of naïve silk materials to collect and prepare, research on the SF-based hydrogels isolated from spider silks has been rather limited. Thus, this study compared the microstructural properties of silk fibroin (SF) hydrogel scaffold, which was taken from the cocoon of the insect silkworm Bombyx mori, with those of hydrogel scaffolds derived from two types of woven silk glands in the orb-web spider Trichonephila clavata: the major ampullate gland (MAG) and the tubuliform gland (TG). The SF hydrogel, which is stabilized by connected SF fibers, has a loose top structure, high porosity, and translucency, according to our FESEM investigation. While the TG hydrogel showed greater porosity, ridge-like or wall-like structures, and stable biocapacity generated by physical cross-linking, the MAG hydrogel showed even higher porosity, elongated fibrous structures, and superior mechanical properties. It is anticipated that the unique microstructural properties of MAG and TG hydrogels will be advantageous when choosing customized substrates to support particular cell types for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications.

In contrast to conventional silk fibroin, spider silk's potential as a scaffold material for tissue engineering is examined in this work. The remarkable qualities of spider silk are being researched for use in making films for tissue regeneration. In comparison to silk fibroin films, the study's analysis of orb-web spider Trichonephila clavata films highlights their improved cell adhesion and nanofibrous network structure. Tests for solubility substantiate the durability of spider silk films, while in vitro investigations demonstrate low cytotoxicity and enhance cellular viability. The conclusion highlights the exceptional properties of spider silk, which make it a viable option for tissue engineering applications and a step forward for in vitro cell culture and regenerative bioengineering.

Transmission electron microscopy was used to examine the microscopic structural features and myofibril organization of cardiac muscle cells in the orb-web spider T. clavata. There are many myofibrils, many mitochondria, a large sarcoplasmic reticulum, and transverse tubules (T-tubules) in the muscle fibers, even if the myofibril striations may not be as noticeable as in skeletal muscles. Because of their consistent striations, sarcomeres are characterized by Z-lines that are 2.0 μm on average in length and do not clearly distinguish between the A- and I-bands. A single T-tubule paired with a terminal cisterna of the sarcoplasmic reticulum constitutes a dyadic junction, which is primarily located at the A-I level of sarcomeres. Cells are joined by intercalated discs, which create several linkages via specialized junctions such as desmosomes, gap junctions, and fascia adherens—all of which are essential for heart function. Our results with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) clearly show that the contraction of the spider's heart muscle is neurogenically controlled, since each fiber is innervated by a motor neuron branch via neuromuscular junctions. These results highlight the neurogenic process controlling spiders' cardiac muscle contractions and advance our knowledge of the peculiar cardiac muscle structure of these animals.

글로벌 게임시장의 성장에 따라 국내 게임이용자도 손쉽게 다양한 국가에서 접할 수 있게 되 었다. 그리고 이러한 글로벌 경쟁 속에서 현실의 다양한 문화 창의적으로 반영한 게임이 점증 하고 있다. 대표적인 것이 중국의 호요버스가 개발한 해제 월드 형<원심>으로, 해당 콘텐츠는 캐릭터와 공간디자인에 다양한 국가의 문 것이 특징이다. 이때 의상디자인은 캐릭터의 성격과 매력을 효과적으로 이국적인 특색을 드러내는 기호라는 점에서 특히 중요하다. 이에 이 글은 먼저 캐릭터 의상과 의상 기호에 관한 검토하고, <원심>의 문화 활용 전략을 간단히 살펴보았 다. 이후 퍼스의 기호학을 활용해 중국의 문화적 특색을 반<원신> 캐릭터 ‘운근’을 분석하였다. 분석 결과, <원신>의 캐릭터 디자인전략은 중국의 풍부한 문화적 문맥을 중심 코드를 적극적으 로 빌리는 한편, 캐릭터 성을 부각하는 방향으로 의상 구성요소를 변형 시 나타났다. 이후 분 석 결과를 바탕으로 차후 연구를 위한 발전 방향을 제시하였다..

Corn silage is extensively utilized in ruminant feeding on a global scale, with substantial research efforts directed towards enhancing its nutritional worth and managing moisture content. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of normal cutting height and elevated cutting height on whole-crop corn silage. Corn was harvested at heights of 15 cm and 45 cm above the ground, respectively, 45 days after heading. The harvested corn was cut into 2-3 cm lengths and packed into 20-liter plastic silos in triplicate. The results showed that dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), water soluble carbohydrates (WSC), and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) of C45 were significantly higher than those of the control, while the neutral detergent fiber (NDF) was significantly lower in C45 (p<0.05). The C15 had higher yields than C45 (p<0.05). There was no significant difference in the total digestible nutrients (TDN) yield of whole-crop corn silage. The increase in cutting height resulted in a larger change in moisture content and NDF per centimeter. After 60 days-ensiling, C45 showed significantly lower NH3-N concentrations. Moreover, C45 had significantly higher lactic acid concentration, lactic acid/acetic acid ratio, and lactic acid bacteria count compared to the control. Mold was not detected and the yeast count was less than 2 log10 cfu/g fresh matter in both control and C45. In summary, C45 improved the feeding value and fermentation quality of whole-crop corn silage at the expense of forage productivity.

지능형 컴퓨팅의 등장으로 빅데이터를 활용한 패션 브랜드 의미 마이닝과 가치 홍보에 초점을 맞춘 새로운 연구 트렌드가 등장하였다. 본 연구의 목적은 인기 여성복 브랜드 5개를 대상으로 다양한 종류의 의류에 대한 소비자 감성 트렌드를 조사하는 것이다. 유니클로, 에이치스타일, 베로모다, 피스버드, 온리. 이를 위해 총 93,550건의 소비자 평가를 수집하고, 키스멧 감성 분석 엔진을 활용하여 의류 유형별 감성 극성도를 분석하였 다. 그 결과, 브랜드에 따라 감정 극성이 크게 다르다는 것을 알 수 있었으며, HSTYLE 후드티, ONLY 니트웨 어, 피스버드 순면, 유니클로 니트가 각각 소비자들에게 가장 강한 긍정적 감정을 불러일으켰다. 또한 이번 연 구에서는 각 브랜드에서 가장 인기 있는 의류 유형과 착용 효과를 밝혀 패션 기업이 효과적인 마케팅 전략을 수립하고 제품 제공을 강화하는 데 중요한 인사이트를 제공했다. 이러한 연구 결과를 바탕으로 게임 업계에서 는 감성 분석을 적용하여 다양한 게임 브랜드, 장르, 게임 플레이에 대한 플레이어의 감정 반응을 이해하고 게임 프로모션 전략과 제품 디자인 개발에 도움을 줄 수 있다. 전반적으로 이 연구 결과는 디자인 분야에서 빅데이터의 잠재력을 입증하고 업계에서 경쟁 우위를 확보하기 위해 빅데이터를 활용하는 것이 중요하다는 점을 강조할 수 있다.

Quora search engine redirects to different discussion pages based on the search terms searched by the user. So, when questions that are semantically similar are searched on Quora, it sometimes redirects a user to different discussion pages even if there exists a page to the dedicated search. In such a case, Semantic Similarity among the questions carries highest weightage. So, for text, using traditional methods for calculating similarity, usually the text is considered as sequence of words and they just count the number of words that occurred in a sentence, on which some distance measures are applied to find the similarity, while missing the semantic level knowledge of the text during calculation. Considering such traditional methods, it will also require a huge training set as well as time to produce an accurate model. But in this Research Paper, Siamese Based Network is used that can train itself on a single example of each text to provide an accurate similarity output.I have used different types of pre-trained word embedding models like word-2-vec and glove to understand the semantics of the question pairs present in Quora Question Pair dataset. This paper introduces a new approach to calculate sentence similarity and gives astronishing results outperforming the current state of art Siamese Based LSTM models. Along with this new approach of using Manhattan LSTM with attention mechanism for similarity calculation, a comparative analysis is performed on the embedded question pairs, among different Siamese based LSTM models like LSTM and Manhattan LSTM, to predict whether the questions are similar or not and get the best model combination for Quora Question Pair.

This experiment was conducted to investigate the change in the productivity of Italian ryegrass seeds according to the inter-row spacing in the southern region of the Korean Peninsula. Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) ‘Green Call’ variety was sown in Jinju, Gyeongnam in the fall of 2020 with three inter-row spacings (20, 30 and 40 cm). The experiment was arranged a randomized block design with three replications. The ryegrass was sown on October 17, 2020, and the harvest was on May 31, about 60 days from the first heading stage. There was no difference among treatments with an average of April 27th in heading stage. Plant height was significantly longer at 30 cm seeding interval and the shortest in 20 cm treatment. The length of the spike was the longest in the 40 cm seeding interval, and the number of seeds per spike was the highest in the 20cm seeding interval, but there was no significant difference among treatments. The seed yield was the highest at the 20 cm sowing interval (2,180 kg/ha), and decreased as the spacing increased. The dry matter content of seeds and straw was found to be 44.90% and 45.51% on average, and there was no significant difference among treatments. The amount of remaining straw after harvesting was found to be 7,506 kg/ha on average on DM basis, and was high at the 20 cm seeding interval. In view of the above results, it was found that it is most advantageous to sow at intervals of 20 cm when producing Italian ryegrass seeds through autumn sowing in the southern region.

To investigate the domestic seed production potential of Italian ryegrass, it was sown in autumn in the southern region and harvested in the spring of the following year to investigate the productivity and quality of seeds and straw. Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) ‘GreenCall’ variety was sown in Jinju, Gyeongnam in the fall of 2020 with three seeding rates (20, 30 and 40 kg/ha). The experiment was arranged consisted of a randomized block design with three replications. The ryegrass was sown on October 17, 2020, and the harvest was on May 31, about 60 days from the heading stage. The heading stage of Italian ryegrass was April 28, and there was no difference among treatments. Plant height was significantly shorter in the 40 kg/ha seeding treatment group, and there was no significant difference in the remaining treatments. The resistance of lodging, disease, and cold did not show significant differences among treatments. Spike length and number of seeds per spike were highest at 20 kg/ha seeding amount, and there was no difference in the remaining treatments. The seed yield was the highest at 1,956 kg/ha in the 20 kg/ha seeding rate, and there was no difference in the 30 and 40 kg/ha seeding rates. The dry matter content of seeds and straws was 45.60 and 41.83% on average, and there was no significant difference among treatments. The amount of remaining straw after seed harvesting was found to be 7,689 kg/ha on average on a dry basis, and it was high in the 40 kg/ha sowing area, but there was no significant difference among treatments. According to the above results, it was found that it is most advantageous to sow at 20 kg/ha when producing Italian ryegrass seeds through autumn sowing in the southern region.

The interaction between might and right is an important topic throughout the development of international relations. Various ideologies and corresponding practices have been put forward by realism, liberalism, constructivism, and international socialism under both Western international relations theories and China’s traditional Wang Dao (王道, “the kingly way” or “benevolent government”), and Ba Dao (霸道, “the hegemonic way” or “rule by force”). In international relations, the rule of law - a phenomenon that has emerged and is continuously developing - is conducive to restraining power politics and promoting right, which is one of the goals of international relations development. China has always opposed hegemony and power politics; it firmly supports a modern system of international law based on the purposes and principles of the UN Charter and aims to build a new international political and economic order with peace, justice, and stability.

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were added into the self-healing polyurethane materials as conductive filler, the mass fraction of carbon nanotubes was adjusted, and 1% polyaniline was doped. The conductive self-healing polyurethane composites with different carbon nanotubes content (PU)-1/3/5/8/10 were prepared, and analyzed and tested. The result shows that the permeability threshold value of the composite material is 8wt%, and the comprehensive performance of the composite material PU-8 is the best; the resistance of PU-8 is 1278Ω, PU-8P has a resistance of 1400Ω; using an infrared camera, it can be seen that the material can reach 143.3 °C under the DC current of 0.1A, reaching the temperature condition when the material is repaired; the swelling test shows that the PU-8P equilibrium swelling rate is 177%, the gel content is 52.67%, and there is no dissolution in dimethyl sulfoxide. Solvent stability is better than PU-8;DSC test shows that the glass transition temperature of the soft segment of PU-8P is 43 °C, and the glass transition temperature of the hard segment is − 55 °C, which is not much different from that of PU-8; TG test shows that the epitaxial starting temperature of PU-8P is 365 °C; the observation photo is magnified by a stereo microscope at ten times and the PU-8P sample is cut of in the middle at room temperature, applying a constant voltage of 30 V, the cracks disappeared. The material cracks realized self-healing with electricity, and the repair efficiency reached 20.5%.

《佩觽》는 오대 송초 郭忠恕가 저술한 자서로, 위진시대 이후 자형을 판별한 자서들의 종합 판이다. 이 책의 구성과 배열은 매우 독특한 형식적 특성을 지니고 있다. 구성은 “三科”와 “十 段”으로 나뉜다. “三科”는 이론 영역으로 “造字之旨”, “四声之作”, “传写之差”으로 설명되고 있다. “十段”은 구체적인 내용으로 표제자를 음가에 따라 열 가지로 배열하는 형식으로 구성되 어 있다. 결론적으로 이 책의 구성과 배열의 특성은 다른 자서에서 보기 어려운 특성을 지니고 있기 때문에 이 구성과 배열의 특성과 작용을 분석하는 것은 의미있는 연구 영역이다. 특히 지금의 문자학이 자전학 연구에서 중요한 가치와 의의를 지닌다.