1,2-Dichlorobenzene (1,2-DCB) is in various industries as solvents in herbicides, pesticides, and wax, and as degreasers or in the production of dyes. Studies on the hazards and risks of 1,2-DCB showed that this substance can cause skin corrosion, skin irritability, respiratory irritability, and certain target organ toxicity. Industrial workers are exposed to 1,2-DCB by inhalation or skin exposure and there is a lack of information on human hazards even though they can be exposed to organic compounds such as benzene or other DCB complexes rather than a single substance. In this study, we investigated the specific organ toxicity of 1,2- DCB and sex differences using whole-body inhalation in laboratory mice. Male and female mice were exposed to 0–120 ppm of the test substance for 13 weeks. After euthanization, the organs were collected, histopathological assessments and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were performed, and lipid peroxidation was analyzed. Macro and microscopic lesions were observed in the livers of male mice exposed to the test substance, and microscopic alterations were observed in the nasal cavities of male and female mice. IHC analysis of the liver confirmed a greater increase in cytochrome P450 induction in males than in female mice, and malondialdehyde and 4-hydroxynonenal were increased in both sexes by 1,2-DCB inhalation. Based on the relevant literature and experimental results, 1,2-DCB is believed to cause specific organ toxicity in the livers of male mice and the nasal cavities of both sexes of mice, which is supposed to be related to sex differences in cytochrome P450 induction and changes in lipid and oxidative products associated with the early metabolites of the test substance.

1-deoxynojirimycin (1-DNJ), a potent a-glycosidase inhibitor, has therapeutic applications in treatments of HIV, Gaucher’s disease, and diabetes. 1-DNJ has been extracted from natural sources (mulberry leaves) for therapeutic purposes; however, 1-DNJ ingredients are in limited supply and are costly to obtain on a large scale. Since certain strains of Bacillus and Streptomyces species reportedly produce 1-DNJ, they may serve as potential sources for high-yield 1-DNJ production. In this study, we obtained evidence for four bacteria that produce 1-DNJ in large quantities by high performance liquid chromatography and thin layer chromatography. Investigation of the effect of mulberry leaves powder concentration(1~5%), using the 1-DNJ high-production bacteria, provided evidence for microbial mass production of 1-DNJ.

DNA-based technology are about to revolutionize the analysis of population structures as well as the determination of individual indentities. Furthermore, the analysis of polymorphic DNA regions make it possible to reach detailed conclusions on family relationships of individual. Microsatellite loci are increasingly used in population genetic and evolutionary studies. Simple sequence repeats (SSRs) or microsatellites consisted of short tandem repeats (usually 1-6 nucleotide) have shown advantages over other markers. We report here the isolation and characterization of nine highly polymerphic microsatellite loci for phylogenetic and population genetic use in silkworm. Comparative analysis of diverse silkworm strains with microsatellite locus revealed several alleles and discriminative heterozygosity values. A list of primer sequences that tag each locus is provided. The usefulness of microsatellite markers can be expected to enhance the classification in silkworm.

This study investigated the antioxidant effect of Hermetia illucens larvae using different extraction temperatures and solvents. We found significant differences in total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), an in three antioxidant indexes 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 1,1’-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS), and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) contents, among the samples depending on the extraction temperature and solvent used. The sample extracted with water at 45℃ (HIW-45℃) showed the highest TPC, DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP contents, while the sample extracted with water at 90℃ (HIW-90℃) showed the highest TFC. These differences can be due to the different chemical structures of the extracted components. Based on these results, HIW-45℃ was the optimal extraction method for Hermetia illucens. We intend to further investigate the availability of functional materials for Hermetia illucens using this method.

The present study investigated the feasibility of using the ethanolic extract of Hermetia illucens larvae (HIE) as a whitening improvement material. In cell viability assays using B16F1 melanoma cells, no cytotoxicity was recorded up to 200 μg·mL-1 of HIE. Moreover, while tyrosinase inhibitory activity increased, melanin content decreased in a dose-dependent manner, indicating that HIE likely inhibited tyrosine-induced intracellular melanin biosynthesis in B16F1 melanoma cells. Therefore, HIE is expected to serve as a potent whitening improvement material.

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with Ptecticus tenebrifer powder on the mortality and meat quality of Korean native chickens. A total of 40,000 Korean native chickens (1 day old, Hanhyup No. 3) were allocated to two dietary treatments (20,000 chickens in each treatment), which were fed the following: basal diet (control) and 1% of Ptecticus tenebrifer powder (T1). Feeding trials were conducted for 12 weeks, and mortality was measured weekly. At the end of the experimental period, 16 chickens (8 chickens in each treatment) were selected and slaughtered to obtain breast meat. The items used to analyze meat quality were pH, TBARS, and meat color. The weekly mortality rate was decreased by around 2 to 3 times in the T1 treatment group compared with the control group. The pH, TBARS, L*, and b* values of Korean native chicken breast were not affected by Ptecticus tenebrifer powder supplementation (p>0.05); however, a* values showed statistical significance (p<0.05). In conclusion, the addition of 1% Ptecticus tenebrifer powder reduced mortality rate and demonstrated its potential in livestock environmental management.

A mungbean cultivar ‘Sanpo’ (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek) was derived from the cross between SM9710-3B-7 and Jangannogdu at the Jeollanamdo Agricultural Research and Extension Services (JARES) in 2012. ‘Sanpo’ has erect growth habit, green hypocotyls, heart leaflet, dull green seed surface, and black and straight pod when matured. The stem length of ‘Sanpo’ were 71㎝, which was 5㎝ longer than check cultivar ‘Owool’. The pods number per plant, the seeds number per pod, and the seed weight of ‘Sanpo’ are similar to check cultivar. It has field resistance to cercospora leaf spot, mungbean mottle virus, and powdery mildew. In addition, ‘Sanpo’ has high lodging resistance. The hard seed rate of ‘Sanpo’ was 2.4%, which was 0.8%point lower than check cultivar. The sprout yield ratio of ‘Sanpo’ was 8.26 times, which was 10% (77%point) more than check cultivar. The average yield of ‘Sanpo’ was 1.62ton/㏊, which was 14% more than the check cultivar ‘Owool’. (Cultivar registration number: 5250)

This study was performed to investigate the adequate standard pot and number of plants per tree of raising seeding pot on the foxtail millet transplanting culture in the southern province. Due to the various application of wellbeinghealth food recently, for upbringing of the foxtail millet, millet and sorghum in minor cereals, R & D and policy support is being promoted actively. The foxtail millet growing season is so short from 90 to 130 days, and it is large variations for a growth temperature. The main results are as follows. When it comes to foxtail millet transplantation, seedling quality of 406 holes, 200 holes and 162 holes of raising seeding pot type were not all significant, and field rooting percentage is accounted for all 94 to 95%. Yield of a foxtail millet was exposed in 406holes 305 kg/10a>162holes 303 kg> 200holes 302 kg order, and it was no significance between test processing. When it's the raising seeding transplanting culture, in case of pot culture, 406holes pot culture were reduced the bed soil cost 63%, pot 50%, working hours 18% for 200holes pot. Transplanting seedling quality per a foxtail millet transplanting culture method, dry weight was high inclination as transplanting number of plant is less, and field rooting percentage displayed more than all 95%. Yield appeared to 2 plants seedling transplanting 315kg/10a> 3 plants seedling transplanting 304kg>1 plant seedling transplanting 256kg order. The projected cost per the pot-sort on the raising seeding transplanting culture of foxtail millet, the seedling transplanting culture of 406holes was reduced 40% percentages compared to 200holes as 76,230won/10a. As a result, 406holes pot and 2plants seedling transplanting culture, labor-saving culture was possible.

The purpose of this study was to establish the proper sowing time and planting density of cowpeas for labor-saving cultivation. Experiments were carried out in Naju, Jeonnam Province (Latitude 35° 04' N, Longitude 126° 54' E) during 2012 and 2013. The intermediate-erect type strains used in this study were Jeonnam1 and Jeonnam2. Sowing was performed five times between June 25 and August 5 at approximately 10-day intervals in order to establish proper sowing time, and sowed at 5,000, 10,000, 15,000, and 20,000 plants per 10a to establish proper planting density. The days from sowing to first flowering was shortest (32 days) in plants sowed on July 25 and became longer for plants sowed on or around July 25. The days from sowing to first flowering was longest (41 days) in plants sowed on June 25. The days from first flowering to first maturing was shortest (8 days) in plants sowed on June 25 and, became considerably longer at later sowing dates. The days from first maturing to first harvesting ranged from 8 to 10 days, with little difference among the sowing periods. Plants sowed on August 5 harvested at the same time, and plants sowed between June 25 and July 25 were harvested either three or two times. The yield was highest in plants sowed on July 25: 209 kg/10a was harvested for Jeonnam1 and 221 kg/10a for Jeonnam2. Furthermore, harvested at the same time enabled when the harvesting was delayed for around 15 days because the share of the seeds first harvested was highest (91%). The proper planting density was estimated to be 15,000 plants/10a, showing the highest yields of 199 kg/10a for Jeonnam1 and 224 kg/10a for Jeonnam2.