Radioactive waste is typically disposed of using standard 200 and 320 L drums based on acceptance criteria. However, there have been no cases evaluating the disposal and suitability of 200 L steel drums for RI waste disposal. There has been a lack of prior assessments regarding the disposal and suitability of 200 L steel drums for the disposal of RI waste. Radioactive waste is transported to disposal facilities after disposal in containers, where the drums are loaded and temporarily stored. Subsequently, after repackaging the disposal drums, the repackaged drums are transported to disposal facilities by vehicle or ship for permanent disposal. Disposal containers can be susceptible to damage due to impacts during transportation, handling, and loading, leading to potential damage to the radiation primer coating during loading. Additionally, disposal containers may be subject to damage from electrochemical corrosion, necessitating the enhancement of corrosion resistance. Metal composite coatings can be employed to enhance both abrasion resistance and corrosion resistance. The application of metal composite coatings to disposal containers can improve the durability and radiation shielding performance of radioactive waste disposal containers. The thickness of radioactive waste disposal containers is determined through radioactive shielding analysis during the design process. The designed disposal containers undergo structural analysis, considering loading conditions based on the disposal environment. This paper focuses on evaluating the structural improvements achieved through the implementation of metal composite coatings with the goal of enhancing corrosion and abrasion resistance.

The bacterial soft-rot disease is one of the most critical diseases in vegetables such as Chinese cabbage. The researchers isolated two bacteria (Pseudomonas kribbensis and Pantoea vagans) from diseased tissue samples of Chinese cabbages and confirmed them as being the strains that cause soft-rot disease. Lactic-acid bacteria (LAB), were screened and used to control soft-rot disease bacteria. The researchers tested the treatments with hypochlorous acid water (HAW) and LAB supernatant to control soft-rot disease bacteria. The tests confirmed that treatments with the HAW (over 120 ppm) or LAB (Lactobacillus plantarum PL203) culture supernatants (0.5 mL) completely controlled both P. kribbensis and P. vagans.

This study was carried out to investigate the chemical properties of safflower seeds cultivated at some areas in Korea. Safflower was used as one of the functional foods and medicinal plants for many centuries. Porximate compositions of safflower seeds were moisture, 4.8~8.1%, crude protein 16.5~19.5%, crude ash 2.7~3.3%, curde fiber 38.5~43.4%, and crude fat 16.6~24.4%, respectively. Glutamic acid, aspartic acid and arginine were the major amino acids and their contents were 2,587.4~3,143.5 mg%, 1,315.8~1,654.8 mg%, and 1,171.9~1,484.2 mg%. K, P, Ca, and Mg were major minerals and their contents were 611.6~886.3 mg%, 501.5~596.7 mg%, 208.5~641.2 mg%, and 530.6~639.5 mg%, respectively. The free sugars that were identified include raffinose, sucrose, glucose, fructose. α-tocopherol content was 0.14~3.82 mg%. Contents of vitamin C was 0.43~3.39 mg%. The safflower seeds fatty acids were palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid and linoleic acid. The major fatty acid was linoleic acid it’s content was 74.8~82.9%.

한국은 참깨의 주요 소비국임에도 불구하고, 대부분의 공급을 수입에 의존하고 있다. 또한 참깨에 대한 연구는 1973년 이후부터 시작되었으며, 총 121편의 학술논문이 발표되었다. 그 주요 주제는 참깨의 성분 분석, 참깨의 조성, 참깨의 육종 재배와 참기름의 진위 판별이었다. 식용시 매우 중요한 것은 향미성분이지만, 그에 대한 연구는 참깨의 품종간의 차이, 배전 조건, 추출 여과의 조건 등이 이었다. 이것으로써 참깨에 대한 더 면밀한 연구와 관능 검사에 대한 확실한 연구가 요구되며, 참기름의 압착수율의 향상, 참깨박의 이용 등이 부족함을 알았다.

식물 탄수화물중에서 식물 세포벽에 광범위하게 분포되어 있는 펙틴물질은 특히 식품산업에서 중요한 역할을 담당하여 과일이나 야채의 연화물질로 작용하며 특히 겔을 형성하는 물질로 알려져 있다. 본 논문은 이러한 펙틱물질을 가수분해하는 펙틴계 효소들에 대하여 그 물리화학적 성질 및 산업적 응용에 관하여 고찰하고자 펙틴효소의 분류 및 각 효소들의 활성측정 방법, 효소의 작용 및 산업적 응용에 대하여 기존에 보고된 결과들을 정리하였다.

토양으로부터 글주탐산 생산력이 우수한 세균을 분리 하여 Pseudomonas sp. L-10 으로 동정하였다. Pseudomonas sp. L-10에 의한 글루탐산 생산은 시험균주를 5% glucose, 0.5% urea와 yeast extract, 0.1% K_2HPO_4, 0.02% MgSO_4·7H_2O, 0.3% (NH_4)_2HPO_4의 조성을 가진 배지에 0.5㎍/ℓ의 비오틴을 첨가하여 pH 7.0으로 조정 한 후 30℃에서 30 시간 진탕배양하였을 때 가장 좋았으며 이 때 배양액 ㎖당 약 1.2㎎의 글루탐산이 생산되었다.

Landrace 돈 내장 척출물인 대장, 소장, 심장, 신장, 간장 및 위장관을 공시료로 하여 미량중금속 물질인 구리(Cu), 아연(Zn), 망간(Mn), 카드뮴(Cd) 및 납(Pb) 윈소를 ICP분석법으로 잔류분석하면, 중탕가 열처리, 가압가열처리 및 팬 유적가열처리에 따른 중량손실과 중금속 잔류량의 변화를 분석 고찰하였다. 가열처리 방법에 따른 중량 손실율은 중탕가열처리, 가압가열처리 및 팬 유적가열처리에 의하여 각각 23.11∼34.53%, 18.48∼28.00%, 14.20∼25.22%범위였으며, 부위별 중량손실율은 심장부위가 크고 간장부위가 낮게 나타내었다. 신선시료중 미량중금속 잔류총량은 대장, 소장, 심장, 신장, 간장 및 위장부위에서 11.298±5.302ppm, 27.325±8.179ppm, 16.756±6.334ppm, 21.107±6.057ppm, 25.369±10.164ppm, 12.611±5.513 ppm으로 검출되었다. 가열에 의한 중금속 총 잔류량 변화는 중탕가열처리구에서 4.16∼32.57%, 가압가열처리에서 12.01∼28.09%, 팬유적가열처리구에서 9.60∼25.76%수준으로 감소되었다. 납원소는 평균 21.76%, 구리, 아연, 망간, 카드뮴원소는 18.00∼18.61%범위로 감소되었다. 내장근 시료간에는 유의성이 인정되지 않았으나(P>0.05)가열처리방법간에 있어서 유의성이 인정되었다(P<0.05).

Roasting has revealed coffee’s potentials as a good source of bioactive compounds. This study was done to investigate the quantitative presence and activity of bioactive compounds including caffeine, chlorogenic acid (CGA), amino acids, and antioxidant capacity on Coffea arabica L. (Guatemala finca San Sebastian) and C. robusta L. (India Azad Hind). Analysis was performed on Green Bean (GB) Medium-Light (ML), Medium (ME) and Medium-Dark (MD) samples of both varieties. From the results, caffeine content was highest in ME samples of both varieties. GB samples of both varieties had high CGA content which decreased after increasing roasting time and temperature. Most amino acids in GB samples was highest, however, glutamic acid, valine, tyrosine, isoleucine, leucine and phenylalanine had highest quantitative increase in ME samples for both varieties. IC50 of DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity was highest in ML samples of both varieties. IC50 of reducing power and total phenolic content was highest in GB sample of both varieties but decreased after increasing roasting conditions. Generally Robusta had the highest quantity of bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity. From this study, the optimal roasting condition for coffee is ME above which there is a significant reduction of bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity.

Retroperitoneal fibrosis (RPF) is a rare disease characterized by the presence of retroperitoneal tissue marked by chronic inflammation and prominent fibrosis. A 67-year-old man presented with general weakness and oliguria. Laboratory findings showed blood urea nitrogen 77.7 mg/dL, serum creatinine 9.24 mg/dL, and an IgG4 level within the normal range. Computed tomography (CT) findings showed bilateral hydronephrosis and distal ureteral obstruction due to fibrotic adhesion to a presacral mass. Laparoscopic biopsy was performed. The authors report a case of acute kidney injury caused by non-IgG4 related focal retroperitoneal fibrosis in the pelvis that was successfully treated using prednisolone and tamoxifen… non-IgG4 related focal retroperitoneal fibrosis caused byacute kidney injury.

This study investigated possible involvement of photoperiodic regulation in reproductive endocrine system of female olive flounder. To investigate the influence on brain-pituitary axis in endocrine system by regulating photoperiod, compared expression level of Kisspeptin and sbGnRH mRNA in brain and FSH-β, LH-β and GH mRNA in pituitary before and after spawning. Photoperiod was treated natural photoperiod and long photoperiod (15L:9D) conditions from Aug. 2013 to Jun. 2014. Continuous long photoperiod treatment from Aug. (post-spawning phase) was inhibited gonadal development of female olive flounder. In natural photoperiod group, the Kiss2 expression level a significant declined in Mar. (spawning period). And also, FSH-β, LH-β and GH mRNA expression levels were increasing at this period. However, in long photoperiod group, hypothalamic Kiss2, FSH-β, LH-β and GH mRNA expression levels did not show any significant fluctuation. These results suggest that expression of hypothalamic Kiss2, GtH and GH in the pituitary would change in response to photoperiod and their possible involvement of photoperiodic regulation in reproductive endocrine system of the BPG axis.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced in organisms as the natural products of oxidative metabolism by environmental stress and pathogen invasion. ROS, such as superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide, can be toxic to cells and tissues to cause oxidative stress. Recent study revealed that olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) superoxide dismutase (SOD) has been identified as a partial gene and strongly induced to benzoin[a]pyrene and it was deduced indicator of aquatic oxidative stress responses, but its transcriptional response against viral infection has not been investigated. In the present study, spatial and temporal expression profile was analyzed to investigate the function of Of-SOD in the anti-viral response. Of-SOD transcripts were ubiquitously detected in diverse tissues with variable levels using a real-time PCR. The expression of Of-SOD was significantly higher in the muscle, liver and brain, but extremely low in the stomach and spleen. Following VHSV challenge, the expression of Of-SOD increased within 3 hours and subsequently decreased to the original level at 2 days post-challenge in kidney. Although expression pattern and induction time are slight differences depending on the tissue, the transcript of Of-SOD was consistently increased in acute infection response, but expression is low in the chronic response. Collectively, Of-SOD expressions were inducible after VHSV infection and they were probably involved in the immune response against viral challenge. These results suggest that SODs may play important roles in the immune defense system of P. olivaceus and perhaps contribute to the protective effects against oxidative stress in this flounder.

Effects of newly developed functional rice grains Goami (high-amylose rice) and Nokwon (green-kerneled rice) on the glucose metabolism and antioxidative defense system in C57BL/6N mice under high fat diet condition were investigated. Animals were randomly divided into five groups (n = 8) and given experimental diets for eight weeks: normal control diet (NC), high fat diet (HF), and high fat diet supplemented with white rice (HF-WR), Goami rice (HF-GR), and Nokwon rice (HF-NR). At the end of the experimental period, the HF group exhibited markedly higher blood glucose level, insulin concentration, plasma lipid peroxidation and lower hepatic glycogen concentration than that exhibited by NC group. However, diet supplementation of Goami and Nokwon suppressed the high fat diet-induced hyperglycemia and oxidative stress through inhibition of the glucose-regulating enzymes and enhancement of the antioxidant enzymes activities. The results illustrate that the new functional rice Goami and Nokwon may be useful in the development of functional foods with preventive effect against high fat diet-induced hyperglycemia and oxidative stress.

Olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) is a most important aquaculture species in Korea. Like most marine fishes, olive flounders are stomachless at first feeding and aquired gastric function during the metamorphosis, so food was mainly digested by pancreatic enzyme from first feeding to premetamorphosis. However, comprehensive analysis of pancreatic and gastric digestive enzyme of olive flounder at early developmental period is still unclear. In the expression study of pancreatic and gastric digestive enzyme by real-time PCR at early developmental stage, pancreatic enzyme such as chymotrypsinogen 2, preproelastase 2 and 4, pancreatic protein somatomedin-B domain (PPSB) mRNA expression were initiated at first feeding and strongly expressed in the pancreas developmental stage, while gastric digestive enzyme signal was not at all detected during same period. Although, trypsinogens were secreted from pancreas and have similar amino acid sequence, trypsinogen 3 expression induction was detected both pancreas and stomach developmental stage, while trypsinogen 2 expression was significantly increased only post-metamorphosis period. Pepsinogen mRNA expression was only detected at metamorphosis according to stomach differentiation. Lipid digestive enzyme, lipase and intestine fatty acid binding protein 1 (I-FABP 1), were already reached a certain level at beginning of hatching and more increased during early developmental stage and then gradually decreased before metamorphosis. These results suggested that feed ingestion of olive flounder was exclusive charged by pancreatic digestive enyme, lipid digestive enzyme and trypsinogen 3 from first feeding and then fully swiched by gastric digestive enzyme and trypsinogen 2 from metamorphosis period.

The excessive and indiscriminate use of chemical fertilizers in the past has brought serious soil and other environmental problems so alternatives over this agrochemical are being searched. Our study focuses on the effects of expanded rice hull inoculated with selected beneficial microorganisms on growth (through agronomic characters), yield and yield components, and grain quality indices of rice. Results showed that favorable effects of different expanded rice hull preparations were not readily apparent at vegetative stage and only treatments with supplemental chemical fertilizer application were comparable with the conventional practice. Expanded rice hull combined with 50% rate of chemical fertilizer exhibited a significantly higher yield (6,471 kg ha-1) over conventional practice (5,719 kg ha-1). Good milling quality indices were observed in treatments having 50% chemical fertilizers plus alternatives from expanded rice hull. Finally, we demonstrated that chemical fertilizer rate can potentially be reduced into 50% if combined with expanded rice hull, and show even better output than chemical fertilizer alone.

The amount of genetic variability of a species is essential for its survival and adaptation in different environments, and studies of genetic diversity using molecular markers are necessary to understand the genetic structure of a population and to orientate effective strategies of germplasm conservation. The aim of current study was to determine the SSR markers that can be used rapidly and reliably to evaluated the pepper of Bulgaria landraces, and applied the markers to assement of introduce genetic diversity of the pepper germplasm. We used 22 polymorphic microsatellite markers to analysis of genetic diversity within 61 pepper collection of Bulgaria landraces germplasm, all SSR primers pairs produced 80 polymorphic and reproducible amplification fragments. An average value of polymorphic information contents (PIC) were 0.334 with a range of 0.061 to 0.63. The mean values of observed (HO) and expected heterozygosity (HE) were 0.383 and 0.154, respectively, indicating a considerable amount of polymorphism within this collection. A genetic distance-based phylogeny grouped into three distinct groups, which was the landrace, moderate and wilde type, genetic distance (GD) value was 0.540. An average day of flowering time was 53 days with a range of 45 to 60 days. The everage od fruit length and width were 9.38cm with a range 2.1 to 23.6cm, and 3.51cm with a range 0.6 to 8.9cm, respectively. Molecular data were complemented with morphological measurements according to the descriptor list for the pepper collection of Bulgaria landraces germplasm.