본 연구는 국내에서 육성된 신품종 ‘진옥’ 포도와 대조품종인 ‘캠벨얼리’를 대상으로 재배작형을 노지, 비가림, 무가온 하우스로 나누어 수체생육 및 과실품질을 조사하였다. 수체생육을 보면 ‘진옥’이 ‘캠벨얼리’ 보다 주요 생육기가 빠른 경향이었고, 수확기는 무가온 하우스 재배의 ‘진옥’ 품종이 8월 13일로 가장 빨랐으며, ‘ 캠벨얼리’ 품종은 8월 17일이었다. 노지 재배유형에서는 ‘진옥’ 품종이 8월 25일, ‘캠벨얼리’ 품종이 8월 29 일로 가장 늦었다. 신초경, 신초장 등 신초생육은 처리 간 비슷한 경향이었다. 과실특성을 조사한 결과, 가용성 고형물 함량은 무가온 하우스 재배 시 ‘진옥’과 ‘캠벨얼리’ 품종에서 각각 15.4oBrix, 15.9oBrix로 비슷한 경향이었고, 노지 재배에서는 각각 15.9oBrix, 15.8oBrix였으며, 과실의 산함량과 과피의 색도도 비슷한 경향이었다. 병해충 발생은 6월 중순부터 갈색무늬병이 발생하기 시작하였고, 생육후기인 8월 상순에 조사한 갈색무늬병 피해엽률은 무가온하우스 재배의 ‘진옥’ 품종이 14%로 가장 낮았으며, 노지재배의 경우 ‘진옥’ 품종이 46%, ‘ 캠벨얼리’ 품종이 49%로 노지재배 유형에서 갈색무늬 병의 발생이 많아 생육후기 집중적인 방제가 필요한 것 으로 판단되었다.

This study was carried out to explore possibilities of cultivating horticultural crops in the air-dome greenhouse in comparison to the common iron-frame greenhouse as the standard. The levels of carbon dioxide and atmospheric pressure measured inside the air-dome greenhouse turned out to be higher than those measured inside the iron-frame greenhouse. Contrastingly, light intensity was relatively weaker inside the air-dome greenhouse due to the air-inflated double layers. Plants of melon and cherry tomato were cultivated from May 2 to August 12, 2016, respectively in the two greenhouses. For melon plants, growth in the air-dome greenhouse effectively increased fruit weight as well as trunk circumference compared to iron-frame greenhouse. Moreover, soluble sugar content of melon fruit was significantly higher when cultivated in the air-dome greenhouse. For cherry tomato plants, fruit yield of cherry tomato was significantly increased inside the air-dome greenhouse. Furthermore, it has been found that the air-dome greenhouse was considerably effective in shortening the growing period of melon and cherry tomato plants in comparison to the iron-frame greenhouse.

Vegetables and fruits contain a great deal of vitamins, minerals, dietary fiber and phytochemicals. Therefore, healthconcious consumer prefer beverage made from fresh fruits and vegetables due to their health benefits. This study was conducted to investigate differences in nutritional composition and sensory characteristics of juices depending on the apparatus used: either a low-speed juicer or high-speed blender. All ingredients could be made into juice without addition of water using the low speed juicer. However, addition of water was necessary to produce juice with the high-speed blender. Phenol and flavonoid content, were higher in juice made with the low-speed juicer than that produced with the high-speed blender and were correlated with DPPH radical scavenging ability. Protease activity of pineapples juices was not significantly different for the two methods, but protease activity of kiwi juice was about 8 times higher in juice made with low-speed juicer than that made with the high-speed blender. SOD activity also tended to be higher in the juice made with low-speed juicer. The concentration of dissolved oxygen in the juice made with high-speed blender was higher than that of juice made with a low-speed juicer and was correlated with color change. In addition, the high-speed blender caused an increase juice temperature, but temperature was not changed during use of the low-speed juicer. The noise level of the low-speed juicer was low, but the high-speed blender had high noise intensity comparable to that of railway or aircraft noise. In the sensory evaluation of juice, juice made with the low-speed juicer was preferred over juice made with the high-speed blender. As a result, the overall quality of the juice produced using the low-speed juicer was superior.

2015년부터 2016년까지 전북지역 오디 생산용 뽕나무에서 점박이응애(Tetranychus urticae Koch)와 명주달팽이(Acusta despecta Sowerby) 2종을 포함하여 총 33종의 해충이 조사되었다. 그 가운데 뽕나무총채벌레(Pseudodendrothrips mori Niwa)를 포함한 8종이 주요 해충 으로 분류되었다. 수확 전에는 총 25종이 조사되었는데, 그 가운데 뽕나무총채벌레(P. mori), 뽕나무이(Anomoneura mori Schwarz), 뽕나무깍지 벌레(Pseudaulacaspis pentagona Targioni Tozzetti), 뽕나무애바구미(Baris deplanata Roelofs), 뽕나무가지나방(Menophra atrilineata Butler), 점박이응애(Tetranychus urticae Koch) 6종이 주요 해충으로 분류되었다. 수확 후에는 총 25종이 조사되었는데, 그 가운데 뽕나무총채벌레(P. mori), 뽕나무깍지벌레(P. pentagona), 뽕나무명나방(Glyphodes pyloalis Walker), 미국흰불나방(Hyphantria cunea Drury), 점박이응애(T. urticae) 5종이 주요 해충으로 분류되었다. 오디용 뽕나무에서 발생하는 해충은 조사지역에 따라 달랐으나, 뽕나무총채벌레 등 주요 해충 8종과 베짱이(Hexcacentrus unicolor Serville), 뽕나무노린재(Malcus Japonicus Ishihara et Hasegawa), 썩덩나무노린재(Halyomorpha halys stal), 오 리나무좀(Xylosandrus germanus Blandford), 나방류 4종(Bombyx mandarina Moore, Euproctis subflava Bremer, Acronicta major Bremer, Agrotis trifurca Butler) 및 명주달팽이(Acusta despecta Sowerby)는 모든 조사지역에서 발생되었다.

This study was accomplished to investigate the effects of the night temperatures on the dark respiration and fruit quality of ‘Heukgoosul’ grape at ripening time. The weight of cluster and berry increased significantly at 20oC than 30oC in night temperature. The length and diameter of berry harvested from the 20oC and 25°C treatments also increased significantly. But there were no differences in the cluster length and diameter as well as the number of berries per cluster. When the amount of CO2 uptake was examined, the dark respiration decreased at 20°C in comparison with 30°C. On the other hand, the anthocyanin content of fruits harvested from the 20°C treatment was higher 38.8 μg·cm-2 than that of 30°C 27.7 μg·cm-2. Hunter’s value such as L(brightness), a(red chromaticity) and b(yellow chromaticity) showed the significance between 20°C and 30°C treatments. Soluble solid content and acidity of berry fruits harvested from the 20°C treatment increased respectively by 3.4 °Brix and 1.6 times. With consideration of the main characteristics of fruit harvested at 30°C, the sugar-acid ratio 72.6% was lowered and the color chart showed the low value 7.1, therefore, the overall fruit quality was deteriorated. When the production yield rates of first harvest 23.6% and second harvest 44.7% were compared, the 20°C treatment could move up the harvest time earlier.

‘원황’ 배(Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai)나무에 착과수준을 주당 54개(60%착과), 90개[100%착과구(관행)], 126개 (140%착과)로 조절 하였을 때 가지의 생장, 저장양분 및 과실생산과 익년에 삽수의 생장에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 2년간 수행되었다. 주당 착과량이 증가하면 도장지 생장이 감소하였고 1년생 가지의 탄수화물 과다량 무기원소 및 유리당 농도가 감소하는 경향이 나타났다. 관행 대비 140% 착과처리구는 두 해 모두 수량이 약 35톤으로 가장 높았지만 평균과중과 과실 크기 및 과육당도는 다소 낮은 수준이었다. 하지만 140% 착과처리구는 60%와 100% 착과 처리구 보다 년간 천 만원 이상의 소득증대가 관찰되었다. -20oC 처리에서 삽수의 발아율은 뚜렷한 감소가 나타나지 않았고, - 30oC에서는 140% 착과처리구에서 70% 이하로 감소되었다. 저온에서 삽수의 전해질 누출률은 적과수준에 따라서 크게 차이는 없었다.

Wolfiporia cocos is a widely known traditional medicine in China, Japan, Korea, and other Asian countries due to its various medicinal effect. Aiming to determine the optimum condition for W. cocos fruit body induction, we cultured 10 strains of W. cocos on potato dextrose agar medium (PDA) in different temperature conditions (12, 16, 20, 24, 28oC). KFRI 1105 exceptively formed fuitbody in low temperatures (12 and 16oC), but in other strains, fruit body induction was restricted. in 12 and 16oC. Fruit body formation started 20oC, and formation rate increased proportionally with the temperature increase. 5 strains induced fruit body in 20oC, 7 strains in 24oC, and 9 strains in 28oC. This is the first research to identify a fruit body formation in vitro cultured W. cocos in Korea. This investigation will enable further studies of W. cocos physiology and breeding. In summary : 1. We identified the optimal conditions for W. cocos fruit body induction in the PDA plate. 2. The fruit body was best induced when it was cultured in 28 oC for 32 days. 3. The fruit bodies showed a honeycomb-like structure, and the average spore size was 7.55 μm in height and the average width was 3.35 μm.

Functional foods are of great significance since our society is accelerating into aging. An aging society has many physiological metabolic diseases such as hypertension, diabetes, heart disease, cancer, dementia and geriatric diseases. Fundamental treatments for the elderly are almost impossible and the social burden is heavy. If these diseases can be prevented or alleviated by improving dietary habits using functional foods, the significance would be very large. Pomegranate has been found to have 124 different kinds of phytochemicals. Polyphenols have a wide range of protective effects including various physiological metabolic diseases and cancers. It is necessary to develop functional foods such as preservatives and food extenders which can contribute to food safety, required in the food industry, by using such bioactive substances. Pomegranates have been reported to decrease the impact of many serious illnesses. There is a considerable amount of bioactive substances in the peel of a pomegranate, which has potent anticancer, antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-apoptotic properties. Unfortunately, the peel is typically discarded after processing. Despite knowledge regarding the bioactive substances in the pomegranate peel and peel extracts, including their functionality and diversity, the knowledge is not well known by consumers in general. The aim of this study was to review up to date research trends for processing and developing new functional foods by utilizing nutritional functional substances, favourite food materials, and materials for processing food contained in pomegranate peels and pomegranate peel extracts. This study will summarize the data found in pomegranate peel and pomegranate peel extract literature mainly recently published in Science Direct. There are polyphenolic compounds (ellagitannins, punicalagin, proanthocyanidin, flavonoids, polysaccharides, etc.) in the fruit peel, making up about 50% of the pomegranate’s weight. The polyphenol content of a pomegranate fruit peel is 149.91 mg/g, which is about 100 times higher than the juice. Paying attention to the fact that the ellagitannin content (14.22 mg/g) in the fruit peel is also twice as high as that of the fruit juice and seeds, that confirms the possibility of utilizing the peel as a food ingredient capable of developing new, functional bioactive foods.

From 2010 to 2012, this study conducted to survey occurrence of quarantine diseases occurrence on cultivation, harvest period of grapevine, and sorting places for export grapevine in export complex areas(domestic vs. export; Hwaseong in Gyeonggii, Sangju and Yeongcheon in Kyeongbuk, Namwon in Jeonbuk and Yeongdong in Chungbuk). Diagnosed diseases in this study were gray mold by Botrytis cinerea, blact rot by Botryosphaeria dothidea, anthracnose by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, bird,s eye rot by Elsinoe ampelina, Phomopsis cane by Phomopsis viticola, downy mildew by Plasmopara viticol, leaf blight by Pseudocercospora vitis, and powdery mildew by Uncinula necator. The leaf blight disease incidence and severity showed the highest infection rate in all surveyed fields. Occurrence rate of investigated all diseases was different depending on individual farmer and occurrence rate of disease was lower in export farms than that of domestic sale farms. Disease infested grapes were eliminated during selection process and ratio of removed the infection fruit is relatively well-performed in export facilities than domestic packing facilities.

Oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis, is one of the serious pests of fruit throughout the world. Two regional populations (Bangladeshi and Malaysia) were collected using methyl eugenol lure and one laboratory population was obtained from Thailand. Three populations were compared in cytochrome b (CYB) cytochrome oxidase I (COI) sequences. COI sequences were highly homologous. However, CYB sequences were polymorphic and used to discriminate these regional populations by a phylogenetic analysis. In CYB phylogeny analysis, Malaysia and Thailand populations were clustered and Bangladeshi population was separated

The objectives of this study are to examine the genetic variation in oriental fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) and to use it as a barcode for the origin elucidation, in preparation for the their incursions into Korea. About 1,600 specimens of B. dorsalis sp. complex and B. correcta were collected from 10 countries, the Indochina peninsula, the Philippines, Taiwan and South China. A total of 182 cytochrome c oxidase (COI) sequences were obtained and aligned from these regional specimens. Three sequences from the Genebank reference were also included. Six hundreds base pair fragments were aligned and trimmed and used for a barcode. The phylogenetic tree was generated using the neighbor-joining method with 1,000 bootstrap replicates. There were two distinct groups in the phylogenetic tree, Bactrocera dorsalis sp. complex and B. correcta. Three specimen, intercepted in the hand-carried mango at the airport inspection and collected in the confiscated mango, smuggled from Vietnam were included for a test. The DNA from the airport were 100% identical to that of one of various Vietnam specimens, and that from the confiscated mango was mostly similar to those of Vietnam, suggesting the usefulness of the barcode for the origin elucidation tool of oriental fruit fly.

In many insects, female receives a large amount of sperm and ejaculates upon copulation, and keeps them in her uterus for some time, during which she stores sperm. After varying delays, the female removes unused sperm and ejaculates through sperm ejection behavior, which is known as a major mechanism for the post-copulatory sexual selection. In the fruitfly Drosophila melanogaster, timing of sperm ejection behavior is controlled by the diuretic hormone 44 (Dh44) pathway. To identify pathways that regulate Dh44 activities and sperm ejection, here we examine effects of olfactory cues. We will present our recent results suggesting that male odors can be one of upstream signaling pathway that modulates a brain neuropeptide pathway.

Wolfiporia cocos is a well-known traditional medicine in China, Japan, Korea, and other Asian countries owing to its numerous therapeutic properties. With the aim to determine the morphology and genetic characteristics of W. cocosten strains of W. cocos were cultivated in vitro, and subsequently, rapid amplification of polymorphic DNA was performed. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to examine the morphology of fruit bodies of W. cocos in Korea. W. cocos were cultured on PDA agar at different temperatures (12, 16, 20, 24, and 28oC) under 12-hour light (600 Lux) / 12-hour dark photoperiod condition for 1 month. Appearance of fruit body was the highest at 28°C condition in all the strains investigated. Honeycomb-like structure on sclerotia was observed in Andong 01, Andong 02, Andong 03, KFRI 1104, KFRI 1105, KFRI 1106, KFRI 1107, KFRI 1108, and ASI 13007 strains of . The KFRI 1103 strain formed cosmos petal-like structure on sclerotia. The average size of basidiospores was recorded as 7.55 μm in height and 3.35 μ in width.

호박꽃과실파리(Bactrocera scutellata)는 호박꽃을 가해하는 해충이다. 이들 수컷은 식물체 유래물질인 raspberry ketone (RK)에 유인되 어 섭식하는 습성을 지니고 있다. 본 연구는 이 해충의 방제를 위해 수컷박멸기술(male annihilation technique: MAT)을 개발하는 데 목표를 두고 이를 위한 기반 기술을 탐색하였다. 효과적 유인 물질이 실내 및 실외 실험을 통해 비교되었다. 일반적으로 과실파리류에 유인효과가 높은 methyl eugenol에 호박꽃과실파리 암수는 모두 반응하였으나 야외에서는 전혀 유인효과가 나타나지 않았다. RK의 합성 유도체인 cuelure (CL)에 호박꽃과실파리 수컷은 실내 및 야외조건에서 모두 높은 유인효과를 나타냈다. 그러나 본 연구에서 지향하는 왁스형 방출기 조건에서 RK가 CL에 비해 동등하거나 우수한 유인효과를 보였다. MAT를 구성하는 데 유인 물질과 함께 포함될 살충제를 피레스로이드 살충제로 선발 하였다. 또한 MAT 처리 후 치사된 개체의 확인과 계수를 위해 깔때기형 트랩을 선발하였다. 이러한 결과를 종합하여 본 연구는 호박꽃과실파리 의 MAT 기술은 RK과 비펜스린을 담은 왁스형 방출기로 결정하고 이를 깔때기트랩에 설치하도록 구성하였다. 이러한 기본 조건은 추후 현장 적 용할 MAT 기술 개발에 기반 정보로 이용될 수 있다.

블루베리 재배시 토양 유기물 공급원으로 쓰이고 있는 피트모스가 전량 수입에 의존하고 있어 국내에서 생산되는 소나무잎, 왕겨, 톱밥 등 유기물을 블루베리 정식 전 피트모스와 혼합처리 한 후 토양 pH 변화와 생육 및 과실 특성에 미치는 영향을 구명하고자 본 시험을 수행하였다. 시험품종은 2년생 북부 하이부시 블루베리 ‘Duke’ 품종이었고 묘목 정식 전 피트모스를 근권에 20L 단용으로 처리하는 방법과 피트모스(10L)와 소나무잎, 왕겨, 톱밥을 각각 10L씩 혼합 처리하는 방법으로 실시하였다. 유기물의 화학성 분석 결과 pH는 피트모스가 4.3으로 가장 낮았고 소나무잎은 4.8, 왕겨는 7.3, 톱밥은 5.7이었다. 정식 직후 유기물을 투여한 토양의 pH는 5.3~5.9 로 나타났고 피트모스단용, 피트모스+소나무잎 처리가 왕겨, 톱밥 혼합처리에 비해 낮았다. 정식 후 3년차 토양 pH는 4.2~4.5로 피트모스단용, 피트모스+소나무잎 처리에서 낮게 유지되었다. 유기물 조성에 따른 생육 시기 별 토양수분 함량은 피트모스+소나무잎>피트모스단용> 피트모스+톱밥>피트모스+왕겨 순으로 높게 나타났다. 생육은 피트모스 단용과 피트모스+소나무잎 처리에서 양호하였고 꽃눈수가 많아 초기 수량이 많았다. 당도는 피트모스 단용 처리에서 11.3 oBrix로 높았고 경도는 피트 모스+소나무잎 처리에서 증가되었으나 과실 품질에 있어 처리별 유의차는 없었다.

본 연구에서는 동양배 ‘진황’의 1-MCP처리 후 유통온도에 따른 과실의 품질 변화를 관찰하였다. 과실의 감모율의 경우 저장온도가 낮을수록 적었으며 1-MCP처리구가 무처리구 보다 유의하게 적은 감모를 보였다. 수확 후 1-MCP처리는 과육경도에서 유통온도(18, 25 및 30oC)와 관계없이 20N이상으로 무처리구보다 높게 유지 되었다. 과피색의 변화는 모든 처리구에서 저장기간이 길어질수록 어두워졌으며, a*값은 18 및 25oC에서는 처리구간 차이를 보이지 않았지만, 30oC에서는 1-MCP처리구가 유의하게 적은 변화를 보였다. 과실의 생리장해에서 과심갈변, 분질과 발생은 저장온도가 낮을수록 발생이 적었으며, 1-MCP 처리구가 무처리구 보다 낮은 발생을 보였다. ‘진황’과실에서 1-MCP처리후 유통온도에 따른 과실의 품위유지 기간은 18 및 25oC에서는 28일 내외이며, 30oC에서는 21일 내외로 1-MCP 처리로 유통 기간을 약 7일 이상의 품위유지에 효과를 보였다. 이러한 결과는 특히 고온의 시장조건에서는 조생종 ‘진황’ 과실에 1-MCP처리가 품위유지에 효과적인 것으로 사료 된다.

시설재배 멜론은 소득이 비교적 높고 시설 내 환경 변화에 민감한 작목이다. 특히 여름 고온기재배 시에는 광합성 저하와 호흡 증가로 인해 멜론의 생산성과 품질이 저조하다. 고품질 멜론 생산을 위해서 는 시설 내 기온과 습도를 적정 조절하는 것이 매우 중요하다. 본 연구는 고온기 멜론재배 시에 포그 및 공기유동팬을 이용한 온도와 습도 조절이 과실 품질에 미치는 효과를 구명하고자 하였다. 그 결과, 포그와 유동팬을 가동 할 때 시설 내 기온은 최대 7℃, 평균 3.2℃ 강하되었고 상대습도는 최대 28%, 평균 12% 상승하였다. 이러한 온도와 습도 조건의 영향으로 무처리(천창과 측창환기 실시)에 비하여 멜 론의 과중이 300g, 당도가 1.5°Bx 각각 높았다.

본 연구는 대추나무 생산농가의 합리적인 생산 계획수립을 지원하는 방안으로 2015년 9월부터 10월 사이에 경북 경산시 과원에서 5~30년생 대추나무의 수령별 과실특성, 수체특성 및 생산량을 조사하였 다. 대추나무 수령에 따른 과실 특성에 있어서, 과실 중량, 과실종경, 과실횡경은 5~25년생에서는 유의 성을 나타내지 않았으나, 30년생에서 감소된 수치를 나타냈고, 과형지수는 수령이 증가할수록 감소되는 경향을 나타냈다. 그러나, 과실당도는 23.28~25.46°Brix 범위로 수령에 따른 유의성이 나타나지 않았 다. 대추나무 수령에 따른 수체특성에 있어서, 수고, 근원경, 수관 폭 및 수관면적은 10년생까지 유의성 을 나타내며 생장하였으나, 10년생부터 30년생까지는 유의성을 나타내지 않았다. 생대추 생산량은 25년 생부터 유의하게 증가하는 경향을 나타내어, 대추나무의 수령이 생대추 생산량에 영향을 미치는 것을 확인하였다. 대추나무 수령이 생대추 생산량에 영향을 미치는 인자를 비교하였으며, 조사된 수체특성 인자에 대하여 상관계수를 도출하였다. 그 결과 생대추 생산량에 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 수체특성 인자 는 수관폭으로 나타났다.

This study was conducted to investigate the microbial loads in mulberry fruits depending on cultivation environment and fruit ripeness. The population levels of total aerobic bacteria in mulberry fruits collected from open field orchards were higher than those from three plots protected within plastic green houses. In regards to fruit ripeness, the levels of total aerobic bacteria in ripe black fruits were higher than those in unripe green and red mulberry. From the farms into where livestock animals were allowed to enter, Escherichia coli was detected in soil at a level of 4.26~4.94 log CFU/g and in mulberry fruits at 5.03~6.07 log CFU/g, while no coliform and E. coli were detected from where the intrusion of livestock was prevented. We also examined the density change of inoculated E. coli in mulberry fruits as they were becoming mature. While E. coli did not increase in green fruits, two and four log CFU/g increases at 20oC and 37oC, respectively, were observed with red and fully mature black mulberries during 48 hours incubation. To ensure the food safety of mulberry, it is suggested that the introduction of E. coli into a farm through livestock should be prevented and more hygienic caution should be taken especially when the fruits are ripe.

The fruit of Kochia scoparia Scharder is traditionally used as a medicinal ingredient to treat allergic skin diseases and inflammatory diseases in China, Japan and Korea. Recently, several studies reported that K. scoparia had potential for the cytotoxicity of human cancer cells. To investigate the anti-cancer effect of K. scoparia on oral cancer and to determine the specific type of cell death induced by MEKS treatment. We investigated the anti-cancer effects of K. scoparia, methanol extract (MEKS) in HSC4 human oral cancer cells. We examined the effects of MEKS on the proliferation rate, cell cycle arrest, 7-AAD-ANNEXIN V double stain, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and activation of apoptosis and necroptosis-associated proteins in HSC4 cells. MTT assay results demonstrated that MEKS decreased the proliferation rates of HSC4 cells in a dose-dependent manner with an IC50 value of 45.3 μg/ml. MEKS at 50 μg/ml significantly increased the sub-G1 DNA contents of HSC4 cells to 84.8%, versus untreated cells. However, the activation of apoptosis-associated proteins such as cleaved caspase 3, cleaved caspase 8, cleaved caspase 9 and cleaved Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) did not detect. The level of Bax protein markedly increased in MEKS-treated HSC4 cells. In addition, the cell viability of the DPQ pre-treated HSC4 cells with MEKS treatment was significantly greater than that of MEKS treated-cells. These results suggest that MEKS inhibits cell proliferation and induces necroptosis in oral cancer cells and that MEKS may have potential chemotherapeutic value for the treatment of human oral cancer.