This paper describes the influence of recycled materials on the flowability of steel fiber-reinforced cement composites. For the FRCC, fly-ash and recycled sand were used as recycled materials. The recycled materials were mixed with replacement ratios of 25% and 50%. As reinforcing fiber for the FRCC, micro steel fibers were used. Based on the test results, flowability of FRCC was improved when fly-ash was replaced. Increase of recycled sand had FRCCs exhibited lower flowability.

Palm Oil Fuel Ash(POFA), Agricultural by-product, has been studied in especially ASEAN countries. However studies about effects of superplasticizers on early compressive strength of concrete with POFA are insufficient. Therefore, in this study, the effects of superplasticizers were evaluated in terms of compressive strength.

For material recovery of black carbon and pyrolysis oil, pyrolysis is considered as an alternative to combustion-based technologies for treatment of waste tire. This study investigated the heat transfer optimization in a pyrolysis reactor for waste tire chips with a capacity of 24 t/d. The reactor was required to have a larger heat transfer rate from hot gas to tire chips in the early stage of pyrolysis, whereas the rate in the later stage should be lower. This was to prevent thermal cracking of heavy compounds in the pyrolysis vapor and to improve the quality of black carbon. CFD was applied to analyze the flow and heat transfer in the complex geometry of the reactor for a total of nine design cases. It was found that modifications to control the distribution of gas flow rate along the reactor are more effective for the present reactor than adjusting the measures for heat transfer enhancement (such as fins). The ideal design improvement was to divide the reactor into two gas sections for a separate control of the flow rate, and to remove the fins of which its alignment perpendicular to the flow inhibits the hot gas from approaching the tube of tire chips.

국내 RDF(Refuse Derived Fuel)와 관련한 ‘자원의 절약과 재활용 촉진에 관한 법률이 2013년 1월 개정되면서 국내에서는 RDF가 SRF로 종류가 변경되었으며, 이와 더불어 종전 RPF(Refuse Plastic Fuel), RDF, TDF(Tire Derived Fuel), WCF(Wood Chip Fuel)로 구분되던 것이 SRF와 BIO-SRF로 개정되었으며, 고형연료 제품에서도 성형과 비성형제품으로 구분되게 되었다. 이에 따라 기존 성형SRF제품들에 비해서 비성형 SRF제품의 수분함량의 기준이 15%차이가 나게 되었다. 본 연구에서는 생활폐기물로 생산되는 비성형 SRF의 가스화 반응을 활용하여 고부가 가치의 연료 및 원료를 생산하기 위한 고정층 및 유동층에서의 가스화 특성을 파악하고자 한다. 실험조건은 운전온도 900℃, ER(Equivalent Ratio)조건 0.2, 0.4, 0.6에서의 가스화 반응을 실시하였으며, 고정층반응기에서는 ER비가 증가함에 따라 수소비율이 감소하는 것으로 나타났으나, 유동층반응기에서는 ER 0.4일 때 수소비율이 최저로 나타났다.

This study was intended to estimate the effect of adding stone dust into cement mortar on the rheological properties. it was found that higher the content of stone dust decrease the yield stress but there was no noticeable correlation between stone dust dosage and the plastic viscosity.

Fossil fuel combustion generates large amount of green house gas and it was considered major emission source causingglobal warming. For reducing green house gas, renewable energy resources have been emerged as an alternative energy.Among those resources, waste has been considered major resource as one of renewable energy, but it has been not utilizedsufficiently. In Korea, there are lots of efforts to utilize sewage sludge as one of renewable energy resources due to wasteto energy project of government. In this paper, sewage sludge was utilized as main fuel in order to recover heat energysource using oxy-fuel combustion in 30KWth circulating fluidized bed (CFB) pilot plant. Firstly, basic characteristics ofsewage sludge were analyzed and fuel feed rate was calculated by stoichiometry oxygen demand. For producing 30kwthermal energy in pilot plant, the feeding rate of sewage sludge was calculated as 13kg/hr. In oxy-fuel combustion, oxygeninjection rate was ranged from 21% to 40%. Fluidized material was more suitably circulated in which the rate of U/Umfwas calculated as 8 at 800oC. Secondly, Temperature and pressure gradients in circulation fluidized bed were comparedin case of oxy and air combustion. Temperature gradients was more uniformly depicted in case of 25% oxygen injectionwhen the value of excess oxygen was injected as 1.37. Combustion efficiency was greatest at the condition of 25% oxygeninjection rate. Also, the flue gas temperature was the highest at the condition of 25% oxygen injection rate. Lastly,combustion efficiency was presented in case of oxy and air combustion. Combustion efficiency was increased to 99.39%in case of 25% oxygen injection rate. In flue-gas composition from oxy-fuel combustion, nitrogen oxide was ranged from47ppm to 73ppm, and sulfur dioxide was ranged from 460ppm to 645ppm.

국내에서는 약 3,500천 톤 이상의 슬러지가 매년 배출되고 있다. 슬러지 처리 방법으로는 매립, 해양투기, 퇴비화, 소각 등의 방법이 있으며, 매립으로 인한 토양오염과 매립지 제한, 해양투기 금지로 인하여 소각에 의한 슬러지 처리가 빠르게 증가하고 있다. 슬러지 소각 기술은 다단로, 로터리 킬른, 순환 유동층 기술 등이 있으며, 이 중 순환 유동층 소각 기술은 슬러지를 연속적으로 투입하면서 소각이 가능하고 회분을 연속적으로 제거하면서 운전이 가능할 뿐만 아니라 유동층 내의 격렬한 혼합에 의한 열전달이 우수하기 때문에 유동층 소각에 의한 슬러지 처리 기술 개발이 많이 진행되고 있다. 국내의 경우 유동층 슬러지 소각시설의 수가 적고, 대부분의 소각 시설이 외국의 기술로 설계되어 있으며, 연구기관, 학교, 기업에서 연구를 수행하고 있으나 현재까지 유동층 소각 시설의 설계와 운전, scale-up 기술은 더 많은 연구가 필요한 상황이다. 순환 유동층 연소기의 최적설계와 운전을 위해서는 압력분포, 고체 체류시간, 고체 순환율, 고체 체류량 등 연소기 내 수력학적 특성에 대한 정보가 필요하며, 수력학적 특성에 따라 기체와 고체간의 물질전달 및 반응속도는 영향을 받는다. 본 연구에서는 순환 유동층 연소기의 cold bed 실험장치 및 CPFD(Computational Particle Fluid Dynamic)를 이용하여 운전 조건 변화에 따른 순환 유동층 내 기체-고체의 수력학적 특성을 연구하였다. 연구를 통하여 공탑속도, 우드펠렛과 슬러지의 투입비에 따른 순환 유동층 연소기 내 압력강하, 고체 체류시간, 고체 순환율 변화에 대하여 고찰하였으며, 전산해석 결과와 cold bed 실험 결과를 비교/평가하였다.

고체 재생연료인 SRF(Solid Recycled Fuel)는 다양한 폐기물로부터 제조된 연료로 평가받고 있다. 본 연구에서 사용된 SRF는 돈분(pig excrement)으로부터 제조되었다. 돈분을 호기성 소화조에서 발효시켜 바이오가스(메탄)를 추출하여 가스연료로 사용하고, 거의 액상상태의 잔유물중 침전물질을 고액분리과정을 거쳐, 얻어진 고체를 톱밥과 같은 가연성 유기물질과 혼합한 후 건조하여 제조한다. 본 연구 목적은 돈분으로부터 제조된 SRF가 열생산 보일러에서 혼소용 연료로 사용될 경우, 보일러의 연소 효율, 보일러의 성능유지 가능성 및 배출된 연소배가스의 배출특성을 파악하고자 하였다. SRF의 연소 및 배가스 배출특성을 파악하기 위하여 사용된 보일러는 10MWth 규모 순환유동층발전보일러가 사용되었다. 사용된 순환유동층연소로는 층 면적(bed area)이 1.92m², 연소로 높이는 약 13.0m이고, 연료투입구는 두 곳으로 분배기로부터 0.9m에 있다. CFBC에서 유연탄과 SRF의 혼소율은 5%이었으며, 연소로의 층 온도와 유동층 높이를 변화시켜, SRF 혼소에 따른 연소로의 성능유지, 연소효율, 배출가스의 배출특성을 고찰하였다. 본 연구에서 연소효율은 석탄만을 연소할 때 그리고 혼소할 때 큰 차이를 보이지 않아, SRF 5% 혼소에서 연소효율에 미치는 영향은 거의 미미하였다. Fig. 1에 나타낸 바와 같이 층높이 변화 실험에서 유동층높이가 600mmH₂O 이하일 때 층(bed)온도는 일정하게 유지할 수 있었으나, 연소로 전반적인 온도분포는 불안정한 상태를 유지하였다. 그러나 층 높이 600mmH₂O 이상에서는 보일러 전체적으로 매우 안정적인 온도유지가 가능하였다. 한편 연소배가스 배출특성을 살펴보면 NOx의 배출은 거의 유사한 조건으로 배출되었으며, SOx의 경우 석탄만을 연소할 경우보다 약 15% 증가하여 배출되는 경향을 보였다. 결과적으로 우리가 사용한 SRF는 순환유동층연소로에서 석탄과 5% 혼소할 경우, 석탄만을 연소할 경우와 대비하여 연소효율, 연소로 성능유지 및 연소배가스 배출특성에 큰 영향을 미치지 않으므로 고체재생연료로서 무리가 없다는 것으로 사료된다.

A method to measure rheological properties of cementitious materials through mini slump test has been previously suggested. In this study, experiments were performed to verify that method. As the mini slump test proceeds, the spreading diameter of the material were measured by using a digital image processing technique. From the measured spreading diameter versus time curve, the rheological properties were estimated and compared to the properties measured from the viscometer.

The main purpose of this study is to provide fundamental data in reducing thermal cracks of mass concrete by using Urea. Substitution methods of Urea mixed concrete was different from existing substitution method of concrete. Therefore existing research for Urea mixed concrete had no definite criterion in performance evaluation. In this research, setting-up new criteria, Urea/Water ratio, when evaluating experiment results. As result of experiment, Cement Paste flow was increased largely when mixed in addition method. But there were almost no differences in degree of temperature reduction and time-delay.

Experiments were divided into two parts; one part is to understand the basic properties of high flowable VA/VeoVa-modified cement mortar with different polymer cement ratio (P/C) and the weight ratio of fine aggregate to cement (C:F) and the other part is to investigate the effect of surface water spread on the concrete substrate on adhesion in tension. To understand the basic performance, the specimens were prepared with proportionally mixing VA/VeoVa redispersible powder, ordinary portland cement, silica sand, superplasticizer and viscosity enhancing agent. Here, P/C were 10, 20, 30, 50 and 75% and C:F were 1:1 and 1:3. As the change of P/C and C:F unit weight, flow test, crack resistance and adhesion in tension were measured. Three specimens with good adhesion properties were selected among specimens with different P/C and C:F. The effect of surface water evenly sprayed on concrete substrate on adhesive strength is investigated. The results show that surface water on concrete substrate increases the adhesion in tension of high flowable VA/VeoVa-modified cement mortar and additionally improves the flowability compared to the non-sprayed case.

This study analyzed on characteristics of the ground-water capture zone in coastal areas and mid-mountainous area according to pumping rate. For this study, it targeted Jejudo island where is the volcanic island. To analyze, MODFLOW model and MODPATH model, which are the ground-water flow analysis models, were used. As a result of research, the following conclusions could be obtained. As a result of analyzing influence of a change in pumping time upon length of capture zone, the length of capture zone in coastal area was indicated to be greater in the changing ratio compared to the length of capture zone in mid-mountainous area. Next, in the coastal area, the pumping rate and the capture-zone length are changing similarly. However, in mid-mountainous area, the length of capture zone was indicated to grow when the pumping rate comes to exceed 1,500m3/day. As a result of analyzing influence of a change in pumping time upon capture area, the tendency of a change in the area was indicated similarly in coastal areas and mid-mountainous area. Especially, it could be known that the larger pumping rate leads to the more definite increase in tendency to a change in capture area. Based on this study, it was allowed to be possibly used in the suitable pumping rate in coastal areas and mid-mountainous area of the volcano island in the future. A follow-up research is judged to necessarily analyze the influence of tubular-well group upon capture zone by additionally analyzing a change in capture zone targeting the concentrated tubular well.

Greenhouse gas emissions, ranking the world's top 10 ranked Korea in the development of the related technologies and the relevant laws and the formulation of plans in 2008 to a low-carbon, green growth a new vision of national growth is accelerating. In addition, Cement substitute material developed using high-performance concrete cement reduction technology, carbon capture technology is being studied. Therefore, in this study, utilizing activated industrial byproducts carbon Absorbing for road materials developed as part of the study typical industrial byproducts, Blast Furnace Slag and calcium hydroxide, sodium silicate mortar on Fundamental Properties of experiments the flow experiments, the compressive strength experiments performed basic experiments with respect to the results obtained were investigated

본 연구에서는 고유동성의 SBR 개질 시멘트 모르타르의 기초적 성능을 바탕으로 콘크리트의 보수용 재료에 매우 중요한 요구성능인 부착강도에 대한 피착체의 표면에 존재하는 표면수량의 영향을 검토하는 연구가 수행하였다. 고유동성 SBR 개질 시멘트 모르타르의 기초적인 성능을 토대로 부착강도, 잔갈림성, 재료분리 저항성이 좋은 시험체를 선택하였다. 시험체는 C:F=1:1인 경우 P/C=20%, 30%의 시험체 2개, C:F=1:3인 경우 P/C=50%의 시험체 1개, 총 3개가 선택되었으며 이 3개의 배합에 대하여 피착체의 표면수량에 따른 고유동성 SBR 개질 시멘트 모르타르의 특성을 파악하였다. 표면수는 콘크리트 피착면의 단위 면적 (cm2) 당 각각 0, 0.006, 0.012, 0.017, 0.024 g이 균등하게 살포되었으며, 이에 따른 연도변화, 플로우값, 부착강도, 부착파괴형상, 내균열성 및 재료분리여부를 파악하였다. 본 연구를 통해 콘크리트 피착체에 살포된 표면수는 고유동성 SBR 개질 시멘트 모르타르의 부착강도를 증진하는 효과가 있다는 결론을 얻었다.

In this study, a cold model of a circulating fluidized bed is developed and tested for designing a char combustor. This study has been carried out to investigate effects of the solid circulation rate and superficial gas velocity on the hydrodynamic characteristics in a circulating fluidized bed. Solid holdup and pressure drop in the riser increases with the increase of solid circulation rate, but decreases with increasing superficial gas velocity. The solid holdup in the dense region increases with increasing solid circulation rate at lower gas velocities, whereas it is independent of solids circulation rate at higher gas velocities.

This study investigated the effect of surface water on concrete substrate on adhesive strength in tension of very high flowable SBR-modified cement mortar. Polymer cement ratio(P/C) were 10, 20, 30, 50 and 75% and the weight ratio of fine aggregate to cement were 1:1 and 1:3. The specimens obtained with different P/C and C:F were characterized by unit weight, flow test, crack resistance and adhesion test. Three selected specimens among these tested specimens were studied about the effect of surface water evenly sprayed on concrete substrate on adhesive strength.

교대뒷채움 및 벽체 배면에 되메우기 시공시 협소한 장소로 인한 다짐장비 운용이 원활치 않아 시방서 기준의 다짐도를 만족하지 못하는 경우가 빈번이 발생하고 있으며, 이러한 경우 시공관리를 위하여 고형화제를 첨가하여 시공하게 된다. 하지만 일반적인 고형화제의 적용시, 대상 지반의 적용에 있어 균질한 지반을 형성하기 어려운 단점이 있다. 이러한 단점을 보완하기 위하여 유동성이 확보된 고형화제를 첨가하여 사용하게 된다. 하지만 이러한 유동성이 확보된 고형화제가 첨가된 지반의 강도 및 저변형률에서의 변형 특성에 대한 연구는 아직 미진한 실정으로, 특히 진동을 유발하는 기계의 기초 지반에 적용하는 경우, 유동성이 확보된 고형화제 첨가 지반의 동적인 거동 특성을 규명하는 것이 매우 중요하다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 산업부산물인 매립석탄회와 점토, 황토를 이용한 유동화처리토의 강도 및 동적 특성 변화를 알아보기 위하여 일축압축시험과 공진주시험을 실시하였다.

The characteristics of circulation in the coastal area of Jeju Harbor in Korea was examined using the Princeton Ocean Model(POM) with a sigma coordinate system. The result of numerical analysis well corresponded to the observed current data. The velocity at offshore was stronger compared to coastal area during the both period of in maximum flood and maximum ebb of spring tide. According to mean wind velocity, the tidal velocity at the shallow area of Jocheon was slightly increasing during maximum ebb. The effect of wind on the circulation was stronger in shallow area and showed rapid change with depth.

본 수리모형실험에서는 입사면 흘수심구간에 유공을 두어 진행하는 입사파랑을 일부 흡수하도록 하였고, PIV시스템을 이용하여 부유식방파제 주변 및 흘수심 단면적내의 유동장을 분석하였다.