Background : It is well known that Alzheimer`s disease (AD) is associated with neuronal loss and accumulation of extracellular senile plaque, whose major constituent is β-amyloid peptide (Aβ). In cell cultures, Aβ can directly stimulate neuronal cell death and make neurons susceptible to excitotoxicity which may include glutamate release and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor activation. There are numerous reports in the literature of Cedrela sinensis (CS) for pro-apoptotic effects. It was hypothesized that CS might protect neurons against neurodegeneration in AD due to its pro-apoptotic effects. The current study aimed to determine the protective effect of ethanol extract from the leave of CS on Aβ (25-35)-induced neuronal cell death in primary cultured rat cortical neurons. Methods and Results : Cerebral neurons were collected from embryonic day 15 SD rat fetuses and were cultured on DMEM with serum. Neurotoxicity experiments were proceeded on cultured neurons after 4-5 days in vitro. Cultured neurons were treated with 10 μM Aβ (25-35) for 24 h or 1 mM NMDA for 20 h to induce neuronal death. CS was applied 20 min before the treatment with Aβ (25-35) or NMDA and also present in the medium during the incubations. Colorimetric MTT assay and Hoechst 33342 staining were used to estimate viability of neurons. Western blot analysis was carried out to examine the expression levels of anti-apoptotic and pro-apoptotic proteins. CS (5 and 10 ㎍/㎖) significantly inhibited Aβ (25-35)-induced apoptotic neuronal cell death in cultured cortical neurons. CS also inhibited Aβ (25-35)-induced change of apoptosis-related protein expression in western blot analysis. Furthermore CS (5 and 10 ㎍/㎖) reuduced NMDA-induced neuronal cell death. This study demonstrated that NMDA glutamate receptor activation is related with Aβ (25-35)-induced neuronal apoptotic death. Conclusion : CS protected culterd neurons against Aβ (25-35)-induced neurotoxicity probably via inhibition of NMDA receptor activation. These results suggest that CS can prevent the progression of neurodegenerative disease such as Alzheimer's disease.

Background : 1-Deoxynojirimycin (DNJ) is a representative compound of the antidiabetic constituent in mulberry leaves (Morus alba L.). The hot water extracts of mulberry leaves were fermented with lactic acid bacteria in order to analysis the changes of the DNJ contents and α-glucosidase inhibition. Methods and Results : The mulberry leaves were extracted with hot water (121℃, 3 hr). The extracts were fermented with nine strains of lactic acid bacteria such as Lactobacillus acidophilus, in order to increase the contents of DNJ and α-glucosidase inhibition. DNJ contents in the fermented extracts were determinated by HPLC analysis. The α-glucosidase inhibition was mesured by comparing dose-inhibition curves of α-glucosidase and IC50 value. The DNJ contents after fermentation have increased in the almost fermented extracts. Especially, DNJ of the extracts fermented with L. acidophilus was increased from 8.38 ㎍ ㎖ -1 to 21.77 ㎍ ㎖-1. IC50 values of the α-glucosidase inhibition were shown to be decreased in the fermented extracts. The extracts fermented with L. casei KCTC 3109 was determined at 290.04 ㎍ ㎖-1, resulting it is lower about 140 ㎍ ㎖-1 than 429.76 ㎍ ㎖-1 of the control. Conclusion : From the above results, we may suggest that the lactic acid fermentation of mulberry leaves extracts can more enhance the hypoglycemic activities such as DNJ contents.

Background : To select plant resources of the possibility of development as a natural antioxidant, the antioxidant activities including total polyphenol content (TPC), 2,2'-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazil (DPPH), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and reducing power (RP) of perilla accessions collected from South Korea were conducted. Method and Results : A total of 18 perilla accessions by regions were selected. Two grams of dried perilla leaves were extracted with 85% ethanol and used for analysis of antioxidant activity. Antioxidant activity value was measured in a spectrophotometer. Perilla extracts showed variation in TPC ranging from 30.87 to 92.66 ㎍ GAE ㎎-1 dw. ABTS, DPPH, FRAP and RP ranged from 6.83 to 38.64 ㎍ Trolox ㎎-1 dw, 0.63 to 8.62 ㎍ ASC ㎎-1 dw, 5.05 to 17.57 ㎍ ASC ㎎-1 dw, and 4.52 to 35.69 ㎍ ASC ㎎-1 dw, respectively. TPC was high in perilla leaves of Gyeongsang-do, but other antioxidant activities were high in perilla leaves of Chungcheong-do. Cluster analysis based on antioxidant acitivities of 18 perilla accessions consist of group Ⅰ (3 accessions), Ⅱ (2 accessions), Ⅲ (5 accessions) and Ⅳ (8 accessions). Group Ⅱ characterized as higher antioxidant activities than other groups. Principal component analysis (PCA) based on antioxidant data revealed that the first two principal components (PC1 and PC2) together explained 97.78 % total variation. Conclusion : IT242410 and IT235354 of group Ⅱ showed high antioxidant activity. These resources will be useful for developing natural antioxidants.

Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) has played an important role in assessing green plant biomass through remote sensing on global scale since the early 1970s. The concept of NDVI is based on the fact that green plants show higher reflection in near-infrared region than in visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum. However, it is well known that the relocation of chloroplasts in plant leaf cells may dramatically change the optical properties of plant leaves. In this study I traced the changes in the reflectance and transmittance properties of Tobacco leaves at the wavelengths of 660 and 800 nm after a sudden increase in light intensity. The results showed that NDVI of leaves gradually decreased from 72.7% to 69.9% when exposed to a sudden increase in light intensity from 30 to 1,200 μmol/m2 · s. This means that the error resulting from the physiological status of the plant should be accounted for a more precise understanding of ground truth corresponding to the data from the remotely acquired images.

소사나무(Carpinus turczaninowii, C. turczaninowii) 잎 추출물의 멜라닌 생성 억제활성을 B16F10 melanoma 세포를 이용하여 측정하였다. 그 결과, 에탄올 추출물(100 μ g/mL)에서 72.2%의 생성 억제 효과를 확인하였으며, 동일 농도에서 MTT 세포독성은 거의 나타나지 않았다. 분획물(헥산, 에틸아세테이트, 부탄올 및 물)을 제조한 후 실험을 진행한 결과, 에틸아세테이트 분획에서 가장 우수한 활성이 관찰되었다. 에틸아세테이 트 분획에서 활성성분을 규명하기 위하여 크로마토그라피를 진행하였으며, 4개의 화합물을 분리 동정하였다; ethyl gallate (1), quercetin rhamnose (2), kaempferol rhamnose (3), quercetin galloylrhamnose (4). 화합물의 구조규명은 핵자기공명분광기 등을 이용하여 이루어졌으며, 4개의 화합물 모두 소사나무 잎에서는 처 음 분리된 물질이다. 분리된 화합물을 대상으로 멜라닌 생성 억제활성 실험을 진행한 결과, 화합물 4에서 세포독 성 없이 농도의존적인 억제활성을 확인하였다. 또한, 화합물 4는 세포 내에서 티로시나제 발현양을 감소시키고 있음을 ELISA를 통하여 확인하였다. 이상의 결과를 바탕으로, 소사나무 잎 추출물이 화장품에서 미백제로 활용 될 가능성이 있다고 판단된다.

The effect of packaging materials on the quality and physiological activity of Angelica acutiloba leaves during storage at 4℃ for 20 days and after being transferred to room temperature for 2 days was studied. The experiment was conducted using three packaging materials: the corrugated box (control); corrugated box with 20 ㎛ HDPE perforated film liner; and corrugated box with paraffin wax coated paper + 20 ㎛ HDPE perforated film liner. Changes in weight, color, aroma, overall visual quality, antioxidant activity, and total flavonoids were investigated. Based on the result, the treatments using corrugated box with 20 ㎛ HDPE perforated film liner and the corrugated box with paraffin wax coated paper + 20 ㎛ HDPE perforated film liner, were effective in minimizing weight loss, and maintaining external color and overall quality as compared to corrugated box only (control). The corrugated box with paraffin wax coated paper + 20 ㎛ HDPE perforated film liner was more effective in maintaining antioxidant activity and total flavonoids than other treatments. Prolonging the freshness using corrugated box with paraffin wax coated paper + 20 ㎛ HDPE perforated film liner could increase the marketability of Angelica acutiloba leaves in the domestic market.

This study was conducted to investigate the antioxidant activity in the leaves and stems of 50 tomato accessions, in order to examine the possibility of using tomato by-products as a functional material. The extracts of the leaves (LE) and stems (SE) were analyzed for DPPH, ABTS, and total polyphenol content (TPC). Antioxidant activities and TPC differed significantly between the LE and SE of the 50 tomato accessions. TPC in LE and SE showed wide variation, ranging from 24.4 to 60.6 and 12.5 to 18.8 ㎎ GAE/g, respectively. The DPPH and ABTS antioxidant activities of LE ranged from 10.0 to 38.2% (scavenging effect) and 20.8 to 59.0 ㎎ ASC/g, respectively, while the DPPH and ABTS measurements of SE were 1.4 to 8.8% and 2.2 to 22.5 ㎎ ASC/g, respectively. As assessed by the relative antioxidant capacity index (RACI), IT033117 and IT203466 had the highest antioxidant activity in LE and SE, respectively. These results will expand the knowledge of antioxidant activity and provide information on tomato accessions valuable for the development of functional foods and food additives.

In the growth of the Rubus coreanus Miquel fruits, the unripened (10 days) and ripened (25 days) fruits after flowering were harvested. The chemical characteristics of different maturational stages of the unripened and ripened fruits were investigated. Total amount of phenolic compounds was 4.00-7.56% in the unripened fruits and 3.78-5.57% in the ripened fruits, respectively. Furthermore, total amounts of organic acids such as malic, citric, succinic, and oxalic acids were 16.40 mg/ 100 g in the unripened fruits and 28.82 mg/100 g in the ripened fruits, respectively. In organic acids of the unripened and the ripened fruits, citric acid (8.76-15.47 mg/100 g) was the highest amount among other organic acids. Soluble sugars were significantly increased from 11.07 to 21.54% in the unripened and ripened fruits. Therefore, ripened fruits had the high levels of phenolic compounds, organic acids and soluble sugars. For the biological studies of R. coreanus, methanol extracts of R. coreanus leaves, fruits, and stems were evaluated for their insecticidal activities against Myzus persicae (Hemiptera: Aphididae), Plutella xylostella (Lepioptera: Plutellidae) and Spodoptera litura (Lepioptera: Noctuidae) by leaf dipping method. From these results, the extract of R. coreanus leaves revealed potent insecticidal activity against P. xylostella. However, the methanol extracts of R. coreanus fruits and stems had no any insecticidal activity against M. persicae, P. xylostella and S. litura. The R. coreanus leaves have promising potential as new insecticidal agent against P. xylostella.

본 연구에서는 좁은잎천선과 잎 추출물 및 극성별 용매 분획물의 항산화 활성을 검색하고 유효성분을 분리하여 화학구조를 규명하였다. 좁은잎천선과 잎 추출물 및 용매 분획물의 DPPH 및 ABTS+ 라디칼 소거 활 성을 측정한 결과 에틸아세테이트 분획물에서 우수한 라디칼 소거 활성을 확인하였다. 활성이 좋은 에틸아세테 이트 분획물에서 유효성분을 찾고자 vacuum liquid chromatography (VLC), silica gel column chromatography를 실시하였으며, 분리된 화합물은 1H 및 13C NMR 데이터 분석 및 문헌치 비교를 통하여 총 5개의 화합 물을 동정하였다. 분리된 화합물은 monoolein (1), oleic acid (2), lutein (3), afzelechin (4), catechin (5)으 로 확인되었으며 이들은 모두 좁은잎천선과에서 처음으로 분리된 화합물이다. 분리된 화합물에 대한 DPPH 및 ABTS+ 라디칼 소거 활성 실험 결과 afzelechin (4) 및 catechin (5)에서 활성이 우수하게 나타났으며 특히 catechin (5)의 경우 대조군인 비타민 C보다 더 좋은 라디칼 소거 활성이 있음을 확인하였다. 또한 HPLC 분석 을 통해 좁은잎천선과 잎에서 분리된 catechin의 함량을 확인한 결과 추출물에서 3.8 mg/g, 에틸아세테이트 분획물에서 20.8 mg/g이 함유되어 있는 것으로 확인되었다. 이상의 연구 결과로부터 좁은잎천선과 잎을 이용한 천연 항산화 소재로의 개발이 가능할 것이라 사료된다

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of fertilizer application on the content of functional materials, such as fatty acids and organic acids in perilla leaves. (1) As compared to the controlled with Ammonium sulfate fertilizer, the yield of Perilla frutescens leaves increased by 7.3% and 12.8% of biomass at 2000 and 1000 times liquid respectively, but decreased by 7.6% at 500 times. The lipid and protein contents of perilla leaves were higher than those of Portunus trituberculatus liquid at 1000 times. The average contents of minerals (mg/100g) were as follows; K (638.4) > Ca (561.6) > P (145.4) > Mg (133.5) > Fe (36.2) > Zn (1.9) > Mn (1.6) > Na (1.4 mg). However, the correlation between the controlled with P. trituberculatus liquid was relatively low. (2) The fat-soluble vitamin E content of P. frutescens leaves was 3.4, 3.9, 3.3, and 3.9 mg in the controlled with liquid by 500, and 1000, 2000 times respectively; Vitamin A contents were 6.4, 8.9, 10.9, and 8.5 mg respectively, which was more than twice as much as the corresponding vitamin E content. The water soluble vitamin C contents were 177.9, 172.6, 195.2, and 163.5 mg respectively. (3) Amino acid contents of P. frutescens leaves in 100 g of fresh weight were 3821.7 mg in the controlled with Ammonium sulfate fertilizer and 3918.8, 4054.0, and 4005.4 mg in the controlled with P. trituberculatus liquid at 2,000, 1000, 500 times respectively. Amino acid contents of each controlled group with P. trituberculatus liquid above were as small as 2.5~6.1%, and these contents of amino acid were as follows: Glutaminic acid > Aspartic acid > Leucine > Arginine > Phenylalanine. In further study, it is necessary to develop an effective microorganism and a variety of amino acid fertilizer to supplement the study on new manufacturing.

Background : This study analyzes changes in DPPH radical scavenging activity, total polyphenol contents, and total flavonoid contents of six different kinds of Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) leaves which are identified as herbaceous plants, and are living in the subtropics. The data of changes in polyphenol, flavonoid contents and DPPH radical scavenging activities were analyzed, based on two different lengths of growth period.. Methods and Results : The six different kinds of cultivars ; Jangdae in Korea, and El-1, R, G-1, Ef-1, Ef-2 in the State of Israel were collected on the 43th and 62nd day from when they have planted. The collected cultivars were dried at 70℃, and 80% of methanol concentration was applied to each ground specimen. Extraction was made by immersion and filtering process at room temperature. Samples were classified into two groups, one for cultivars that were collected on the 43th day, and the other for the collection of the 62nd day. We measured the rate of DPPH radical scavenging activity, total polyphenol contents, and total flavonoid contents for every Samples. For the group of the 43th day collection, Jangdae showed the highest rate of radical scavenging activity as well as the highest polyphenol contents, and El-1had the highest flavonoid contents. For the group ofthe 62nd day collection, R demonstrated not only the highest contents of polyphenol and flavonoid, but alsothe highest rate of antioxidant activity. When we compared each cultivar from another regardless its date of collection, R resulted biggest increase in all of functional components. Conclusion : Based on the test results, useful components and antioxidant activity of kenaf leaves increase in proportion to longer growing period. Particularly, the study indicates that R can be utilized as a cosmetic ingredient crop, as the rate of increase in polyphenol and flavonoid contents were highest among the six cultivars.

Background : The hypoglycemic effects of mulberry leaves extract were evaluated by comparing the abilities on glucose uptake in C2C12 myotubes and 3T3-L1 adipocyte. Glucose uptake of the extracts were identified to be enhanced by bio-conversion using cellulolytic enzyme like Viscozyme. Methods and Results : The mulberry (Morus alba L) leaves were extracted with 30% ethanol or hot water. The hypoglycemic compounds such as Moracin C and, Quercetin and 1-Deoxynojirimycin were identified from the extracts of mulberry leaves. The extracts were fermented using kinds of celluolytic enzymes, which were vicozyme, pectinase, β-glucosidase and xylanase, in order to increase the contents of hypoglycemic constituents in the extracts. The hypoglycemic effects of the fermented extracts were evaluated by comparing the abilities on glucose uptake in C2C12 myotubes and 3T3-L1 adipocyte. The extracts of mulberry leaves fermented with only Viscozyme were identified to increase glucose uptake in C2C12 myotubes and 3T3-L1 adipocyte by supplement of the concentration of 10 μM extracts, compared to insulin as control. However, bio-conversion effects by other enzymes were not shown in the treatments, suggesting hypoglycemic constituents in the extracts of mulberry leaves can be conversed to more active compounds by cellulolytic enzyme treatment like viscozyme. Conclusion : From the above results, we may suggest that the hypoglycemic constituents in mulberry leaves extracts can be conversed to more active compounds by cellulolytic enzymes.

Background : Invitro antioxidant activity, polyphenol and flavonoid aglycone contents in black and green tea products of balloon flower leaves were investigated to provide valuable information for the further development and utilization of resources of Platycodon grandiflorum. Methods and Results : Flavonoid aglycone contents were investigated using HPLC (SHIMADZU, Japan) with a hypersil ODS column (125 mm × 4 mm, 5-μm particle, HP). DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities were measured by method of Lee & Lee (2004) with slight modification. Antioxidant activity, polyphenol and flavonoid contents in green tea were significantly higher than these in black tea. PC analysis indicated that first principal components explained 79.9% of the total variability for five traits investigated. PC2 explained 19.7% of the variation. Conclusion : It can be concluded from these results that these characteristics can reveal the active compound variation of black and green tea products of balloon flower leaves. These results provide scientific evidence for the utilization of balloon flower leaves.

Background : Ramie, Boehmeria nivea (L) Gaud, is a bast fiber plant of the nettle family (Urticaceae) and originated in Asia. We have taken an active interest in ramie breeding for edible ramie, and consequently select "Yeonggwang No.1" with high yielding and good quality for edible leaves in 2015. Methods and Results : "Yeonggwang No.1" is a new ramie variety for edible leaves, which was derived from the plants of the population for pure clone isolation from 2013 to 2014, and progressively for specific character and yield trial in 2014 to 2015. The yield trials were carried on the field and the greenhouse with two replications, respectively. The plant height of "Yeonggwang No.1" is about 140 ㎝ with 6 ㎝ higher than that of check variety "Seobang" The leaves are heart-shaped, with large size, and finely serrated margins. The color of the upper side of the leaf is dark green, and silvery white on the under surface. The flowers are light purple in color and are borne in declinate clusters in the axils of the leaves. The average SLW (specific leaf weight) was 8.56 ㎎/㎠, which was weight lighter than that of check "Seobang", but chlorophyll content measured by a Chlorophyll meter, SPAD-502 was 12.3 SPAD higher than that of "Seobang". Fresh leaf yield was the annual total 1,578 ㎏/10 a in the field, and 2,479 ㎏/10 a in the greenhouse, which was 98% level of "Seobang" in the field, and increased by 10% than check "Seobang" in the greenhouse. The fresh leaves yield of "Yeonggwang No.1" tended to increased in changes according to time more than "Seobang". Conclusion : As a new variety, Yeonggwang No.1 can be harvested leaves several times annually, with the yield range of 1,578 – 2,479 ㎏/10 a, having 72.3% moisture, 6.61% crude protein, 987 ㎎ calcium, 5.27 Fe in its leaves. These results seem to indicate that there is considerable scope for increasing the fresh leaf yield of ramie and improving the processing quality by means of selection from the large and comparatively unexplored pool of variation, which should be obtainable from this heterozygous plant.

본 연구에서는 드럼스틱 잎 추출물과 분획들의 항산화 활성 및 HaCaT 세포와 적혈구 세포에서의 세포보 호효과를 측정하였다. 모든 실험은 드럼스틱 잎의 50% 에탄올 추출물, 에틸아세테이트 분획 및 아글리콘 분획 을 이용하였다. 1,1-Diphenyl-2–picrylhydrazyl radical을 이용한 자유 라디칼 소거 활성(FSC50)은 50% 에 탄올 추출물(77.10 μ g/mL) < 에틸아세테이트 분획(20.63 μ g/mL) < 아글리콘 분획(17.00 μ g/mL) 순으로 증가하였다. 루미놀을 이용한 Fe3+-EDTA/H2O2계에서의 활성산소 소거 활성(총항산화능, OSC50)은 아글리콘 분획의 OSC50 값이 0.63 μ g/mL로 추출물 중 가장 큰 항산화능이 나타났으며, 이는 L-ascorbic acid (1.50 μ g/mL)의 항산화 활성보다 컸다. 1O2로 유도된 적혈구 세포 손상에 있어서 50% 에탄올 추출물 및 아글리콘 분획의 세포 보호 효과(τ50)는 10 μ g/mL에서 각각 46.9 및 122.1 min을 나타냈다. 이는 지용성 항산화제로 알려진 (+)-α-tocopherol (37.7 min)보다도 훨씬 큰 세포 보호 활성을 보여주었다. 400 mJ/cm2의 UVB를 HaCaT 세포에 조사하여 세포손상을 유도한 후 에틸아세테이트 분획 및 아글리콘 분획은 0.20 ∼ 1.56 μ g/mL 농도에서 농도 의존적으로 세포보호효과를 나타내었다. 이상의 결과들은 자외선에 노출된 피부에서 드럼스틱 잎 추출물과 분획들이 ROS 소거를 통하여 세포를 보호함으로서 화장품에서 천연 항산화제로서 사용 가능함을 시사하였다.

Kimchi cabbage (known as Chinese cabbage) is one of the major vegetable in Korea. An inbred line ‘Wonkyo20042ho’, was developed by the National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, RDA in South Korea. The first cross carried out using ‘Norang gwandong’ which had been introduced to Korea in 2007. During segrerating generations, bud pollination carried out using selected plants to fix genetic materials. ‘Wonkyo20042ho’ inbred line was finally selected by breeders from commercial companies at the field exhibition at 2011. The horticultural traits of ‘Wonkyo20042ho’ inbred line were as follows; half-open head, yellow inner leaf colour, and dark green outer leaf colour. The average head weight was 1899.2g, head width and height were 17.5cm and 27.9cm, respectively. Numbers of outer and internal leaves were 14.3 and 66.5, respectively. Harvest maturity was mid-late maturing type and average of seed yield for three years was 723 seeds. In addition, ‘Wonkyo20042ho’ inbred line showed resistance to clubroot disease (race 4 single spore isolation) and possessed thin leaves and small sized head.

Backgrounds : Pomelo (Citrus grandis Osbeck) is the kind of citrus fruit which is Dicotyledoneae belongs to Rutaceae and special product in Jeju island. According to the previous researches, coumarin, eliocitrin, naringin are identified and these kinds of constituents revealed to be effective as anticancer, antioxidant, and antidiabetic. Until recently, there are many investigations about its functional properties were reported, but investigation about biological activities depend on extraction conditions are not sufficient. Methods and Results : 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity was performed by the method of Blois with minor modification. After adding DPPH radical to each sample solutions, the mixtures were incubated in 30 minutes at aphotic place. Then, the degree of scavenging activity was recorded by microplate reader at 490 nm. The scavenging activity was expressed by RC50, which is the concentration of sample solution necessitated to scavenge 50% DPPH radical against negative control. For α-glucosidase inhibitory activity, the method using p-nitrophenyl-α-D-glucopyranoside (pNPG) was applied. To each samples, α-glucosidase and pNPG were mixed and incubated, consequently, Na2CO3 was added to terminate the reaction. Finally, absorbance was read at 450 nm. The same as DPPH radical scavenging activity, the inhibition was explicitly expressed by the amount of sample solution to inhibit 50% α-glucosidase, IC50. The 80% MeOH extract demonstrated the highest radical scavenging activity with 74.32±8.45 μg/ml. α-Glucosidase inhibitory activity was carried out to evaluate the inhibitory activity of sugar digestion and absorption and 60, 80% MeOH extract exhibited 416.35±11.07 μg/ml and 336.57±2.03 μg/ml, respectively. Conclusion : The DPPH radical scavenging and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity were evaluated in this study. The highest DPPH radical scavenging activity was seen in 80% Citrus grandis Osbeck MeOH extract, following 60% MeOH extract exhibited the second highest scavenging activity. Also, 80% MeOH extract showed 336.57±2.03 μg/ml, which was the highest α-glucosidase inhibition among all extracts.

연잎으로 제조한 약주의 연중 생산을 위한 원료의 효과 적인 전처리 방법에 대하여 알아보기 위해 냉동 전・후로 처리를 달리한 연잎을 사용한 연잎약주의 품질특성을 조사 하였다. 냉동 전・후로 처리한 연잎약주에서 총산함량을 제외하고 pH, 아미노산도, 알코올, 휘발산 함량에서 처리구 간의 유의적인 차이를 나타냈다. 폴리페놀 함량은 전체적 으로 315.89±28.08~462.63±13.00 ppm의 범위였고 모든 처 리구간에 유의적인 차이를 보였다. 특히, 냉동전 덖음 처리 약주에서 462.63±13.00 ppm으로 높은 수치를 보였다. 약주 의 색도에 있어서는 L값의 경우 모든 처리구에서 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았고, 적색도를 나타내는 a값은 냉동 후 처리한 약주에서 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았고 냉동전 처리한 약주에서는 유의적인 차이를 보였다. 황색도를 나 타내는 b값에서는 냉동 전・후 데치기 처리에서 가장 낮은 값을 보였고 모든 처리구간에 유의적인 차이를 보였다. 연 잎 약주의 유기산 중에서 주석산(tartaric acid)과 호박산 (succinic acid)은 모든 처리구간에 유의적인 차이가 없었으 며 옥살산(oxalic acid), 구연산(citric acid), 사과산(malic acid) 함량은 처리구에 따라 다른 양상을 보였다. 냉동전 처리한 연잎 약주의 기호성 평가 결과, 냉동전 처리 연잎약 주의 경우, 색과 향에 있어서 생잎과 건조처리구의 선호도 가 높게 나타났다. 반면, 색에 있어서 덖음처리(10%)와 향 에 있어서 데치기 처리(15%)가 낮은 선택율을 보였다. 향에 있어서는 생잎이나 건조 처리구 약주에서 더 선호하는 것으 로 나타났다. 맛이나 전반적인 기호도에 있어서는 색과 향 기의 결과와는 다르게, 데치기 처리가 높은 선택비율(40%) 을 보였는데 약주의 전반적인 기호도는 색과 향기보다는 맛이 크게 영향을 미치는 것으로 보인다. 냉동후 처리한 연잎을 사용한 약주에서는 색은 덖음처리구가 가장 높은 수치를 나타냈고 향이나 맛, 전반적인 기호도에서는 데치 기 처리구에서 가장 높은 수치를 나타냈다.

본 실험은 연잎의 전처리방법 및 저장온도에 따른 연잎 의 저장특성을 구명하기 위해 실시되었다. 연잎을 각각 생 잎, 데치기, 덖음 및 건조로 구분하여 처리하고 온도별로 실온(25℃), 냉장(4℃), 및 냉동(-10℃)에 저장하면서 연잎의 품질특성을 조사하였다. 외관상으로 실온에서 보관한 연잎 은 저장 5일까지, 냉장 보관한 연잎은 저장 30일까지, 냉동 저장한 연잎은 90일까지 양호하였다. 동일 저장온도 조건에서 pH, 가용성 고형분 함량, 총산, 폴리페놀 및 미생물 수는 처리간 유의적인 차이를 보였으나 동일 처리조건에서 가용성 고형분함량, pH, 총산 함량이 저장온도간에 유의적 인 차이를 보이지 않았다. 다만, 연잎의 폴리페놀 함량과 유기산중 oxalic acid, tartaric acid 함량은 데치기와 건조 처리구에서 저장온도간 유의적인 차이를 보였다. 이러한 결과는 다변량분산분석에서도 나타났는데, 모든 품질 특성 에서 각 온도별 처리구간에는 유의적인 차이를 보인 반면 각 처리구별 저장 온도에는 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았 다. 특히, 폴리페놀 함량의 경우에는 저장 전 연잎의 처리방 법과 저장온도에 크게 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다. 결론 적으로, 연잎의 전처리 방법에는 큰 상관이 없이 저장온도 에 크게 영향을 받아 상온에서 5일, 냉장에서 30일, 냉동에 서 90일 정도 상태가 양호한 것으로 나타났다.

Analyzing the 13 sort contents of broccoli leaves by using GC/MS, sulforaphane was found in 11 sort of broccoli leaves for the result. After being grinded by the blinder, amount of sulforaphane in broccoli leaves was rapidly raised after thirty minutes and maintained the amount till sixty minutes have passed. Among the parts of broccoli, the root had the most sulforaphane. In freezing temperature, biosythesized sulforaphane maintained longer than in room temperature. However, even in frozen condition, the amount of sulforaphane was reduced to half or less after 3 weeks.