This study was conducted to investigate the efficacy of mixed probiotic on the immunity, productivity index and mortality rate in the broiler. Total of 120 one-day-old Ross broilers chicks were randomly assigned into two treatments (control dietary group and probiotic-treated group) with three replications of each treatment. The probiotic group broiler had a lower mortality rate than control during the experimental period. The productivity index in the probiotic group increased significantly than the control group. The weight of the bursa of fabricius was high in the probiotic-treated group than the control group. Activated the immunity level after fed the probiotic mixed diet compared to the control group. Furthermore, the probiotic diet significantly decreased the saturated fatty the control group. Whereas the probiotic mixed diet increased the unsaturated fatty acid than the control group. Afterward, the diet including probiotic induced positive impact on broilers immunity level. This indicates that a probiotic mixed diet could be protecting the intestine from the invasion of a pathogenic organism. It would be beneficial to the poultry industries by decrease the broiler mortality rate with elevated the immunity.

The present study aimed to examine the effects of dietary illite as a feed additive on the Haugh unit and fatty acid profiles of eggs. One hundred and twenty laying hens (48-week-old Hy-line Brown) were randomly assigned to one of the following two treatments: control or 2% illite powder. At 2 and 4 weeks, the Haugh unit values between the control and 2% illite powder groups were not significantly different (p>0.05). In addition, individual fatty acid content at 2 and 4 weeks did not differ between the treatments (p>0.05), except for palmitic (C16:0) and palmitoleic acid (C16:1) content. The addition of 2% illite powder caused no difference between the total saturated and total unsaturated fatty acids at 2 and 4 weeks (p>0.05). In conclusion, the addition of dietary illite at a rate of 2% did not improve the Haugh unit values or fatty acid profiles of eggs.

Background : Alpha-linolenic acid is a type of omega-3 fatty acid and has been reported to be found at a remarkably high content in seeds of perilla (Perilla frutescens). The purpose of this study was to investigate the fatty acid compositions in 45 perilla accessions collected from Russia and recommend the potential genetic resources related to their fatty acid compositions. Methods and Results : The 45 accessions of perilla seeds which were collected from Russia were used for the study. Perilla seed oil was recovered using hexane in a soxhlet extraction method. The fatty acid compositions were analyzed using gas chromatography. The total oil content was ranged between 28.39 and 46.89%. The compositions of palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic and linolenic acid ranged from 5.57 to 7.09%, 1.16 to 2.27%, 11.83 to 19.55%, 11.92 to 16.71%, and 59.19 to 67.28%, respectively. Cultivars 'Dayu', 'Daeyu' and 'Anyu' showed lower linolenic acid composition compared to the average value of linoleic acid in perilla germplasms collected from Russia. Cluster analysis based on the fatty acid composition of the 45 perilla accessions segregated into three groups. Group Ⅰ characterized as higher palmitic, stearic and oleic acid compositions compared to other groups. Group Ⅱ which contained 12 accessions had high total oil and linoleic acid composition. Group Ⅲ characterized as a higher linolenic acid composition compared to other groups (p < 0.001). Oleic acid showed a significant negative correlation (r = -0.825) with linolenic acid. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that the first two principal components together explained 74.4% total variation. Conclusion : Our results indicated that accessions IT235818, IT235820, IT226739 which exhibited high linolenic acid composition could be useful to develop new functional vegetable oil materials.

본 연구는 클로렐라 건조분말을 산란계의 사료에 첨가해서 계란의 품질과 난황의 지방산 조성에 미치는 영향에 대해서 분석하였다. 시험에 사용한 유기 산란계 사료의 수분함량은 약 12.8%, 회분함량은 10.8%, 조단백질함량은 18.0%, 조지방 함량은 2.5%이었다. 사료에 첨가한 클로렐라분말의 수분함량은 약 1.54%, 회분함량은 6.53%, 조단백질은 54.56%, 조지방 함량은 2.45%이었다. 계란 난각의 색깔은 클로렐라를 급여한 후, 시간의 경과에 따라 대조구에 비해 유의적으로 진해졌다. 파각강도는 클로렐라를 급여한 후, 10일까지 증가하였으며 대조구에 비해 유의적으로 강하였다. 계란 난각의 두께도 클로렐라를 급여한 것이 대조구에 비해 유의적으로 두꺼웠다. 클로렐라 급여한 계란 난백의 높이는 대조구에 비해 높았다. 계란 난백의 품질 기준이 되는 호유닛은 클로렐라를 급여한지 10일 후, 92.0 HU로 대조구(84.8 HU)에 비해 유의적으로 높았다. 클로렐라를 급여한 계란 난황의 황색도도 대조구에 비해 유의적으로 진한 황색을 나타내었다. 클로렐라를 급여한 계란의 무게는 급여 15일 후, 대조구에 비해 7.5% 증가하였으며, 단백질함량은 급여 10일과 15일 후, 대조구에 비해 각각 11.9%, 10.7% 증가하였다. 클로렐라 급여에 따른 계란 노른자의 지방산 함량의 변화를 조사한 바, 난황의 주요 지방산 조성은 oleic acid, trans-linoleic acid, palmitic acid, α-linolenic acid, stearic acid, DHA, EPA, palmitoleic acid, heptadecanoic acid 순으로 나타났다. Palmitoleic acid는 클로렐라를 급여한 처리구가 대조구에 비해 감소하였다. 포화지방산은 클로렐라를 급여한 계란보다 대조구에서 높게 나타났고, 불포화지방산은 대조구보다 클로렐라를 급여한 계란에서 유의적으로 높게 나타났다. 불포화지방산과 포화지방산의 비율은 대조구보다 클로렐라를 급여한 계란이 높았다. 이상의 결과를 종합하여 볼 때 클로렐라 생균분말을 산란계의 사료에 첨가해서 급여할 경우 계란의 품질 향상과 난황의 불포화지방산 함량을 높이는데 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 판단된다.

This study was conducted to determine the effects of dietary bentonite supplementation on the fatty acid profiles of eggs in older laying hens. A total of 90 Hy-line Brown layers, 74 weeks of age, were confined in 6 wire cages and then assigned randomly to two groups to receive one of the two diets (3 replicates of 15 older layers each) containing 0 and 0.2% bentonite for 4 weeks. After the 4-week feeding trial, no remarkable differences in individual fatty acid, saturated fatty acid (SFA), unsaturated fatty acid (UFA), and mono unsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) levels were found. However, linoleic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, and poly unsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) and UFA/SFA ratio were influenced by 0.2% bentonite. In conclusion, supplementation with 0.2% bentonite improved the profiles of PUFA more than those of SFA, UFA, and MUFA inthe eggs of the older laying hens.

Background : Agaricus bisporus mushroom, which originated from Europe, is an edible mushroom with a unique taste and flavor and is the most widely cultivated mushroom type worldwide, particularly because of the relatively high protein, dietary fiber, and vitamin D contents of the fruit body, which have human health benefits like anticancer and DNA damage protection. However, to our knowledge, few studies have been conducted on the ability to discriminate mushroom’s bioactive compounds according to regional production sites. Thus, this study was aimed to examine the regional difference of selected bioactive compounds in of Agaricus bisporus mushroom. Methods and Results : The cultivars (cv.) “Saedo” and “Saehan” obtained from five regions of Korea were measured their phenolics and fatty acids profiling by LC/MS and GC-FID system, respectively. Among 54 targeted phenolics, protocatechuic, p-hydroxybenzoic, caffeic, 2,4-dihydrobenzoic, p-coumaric, and salicylic acids were found in the cv. Saedo and cv. Saehan fruit body. Also, tyrosine and phenylalanine, which are precursor metabolites of phemolics, were also observed in the A. bisporus fruit body. In particular, phenylalanine and p-hydroxybenzoic acid were the most abundant phenolic precusor and metabolite present in the A. bisporus, and was significant with the production regions (p < 0.05). The FA content was significant with the production region, but not much differed (p < 0.05). The n-6 FA including linoleic acid was the major FA in the mushroom, accounting > 70% over total FA content. However, the n-3 FA was the n-6 FA was very minor FA metabolites. Conclusion : These preliminary results can extend knowledge of regional difference of certain targeted bioactive compounds in A. bisporus mushroom produced in Korea, contributing to reliable regional difference with potential broader applications for the international mushroom market.

Background : Perilla (Perilla frutescens) seed oil is known to contain high omega-3 fatty acid than other plant oils. This study was aimed to investigate the fatty acid composition in seeds of 255 perilla accessions from South Korea and recommend the potential genetic resources rel ated to their fatty acid composition. Method and Results : Total oil was extracted by soxhlet extraction apparatus and the fatty acid compositions were analyzed by gas chromatography (GCMS QP2010 ULTRA, SHIMADZU, JP). Total oil contents ranged from 22.41 and 47.62% with an average content of 34.20%. Palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acid contributed 4.46 to 7.67%, 1.64 to 4.11%, 9.15 to 26.39%, 11.89 to 28.76%, and 50.24 to 64.16% to the total oil content, respectively. Seeds from Jeollabuk-do showed the highest average total oil content (41.14%) compared to other regions (p < 0.05), while the linolenic acid composition was the highest in the samples from Chungcheongnam-do (59.48%) (p < 0.05). The cluster analysis segregated the perilla seed accessions into two major clusters. ANOVA revealed that there was a significant difference between group Ⅰ and group Ⅱ (p < 0.05). Group Ⅰ (86 accessions) characterized as higher palmitic, stearic, oleic, and linolenic acid compositions than group Ⅱ (169 accessions). The highest content of linolenic acid were recorded in accessions K126190, K135903, and IT283646 from group Ⅰ, and accessions IT108680, IT208894, and IT111050 from group Ⅱ had high total oil content. Linoleic acid content showed a strong negative correlation with palmitic acid (r = -0.726*) and oleic acid (r = -0.678*) content. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that the first two principal components together explained 68.75% total variation. Conclusion : Our results showed that accessions K126190, K135903, IT283646 which exhibited high linolenic acid composition and accessions IT108680, IT208894, IT111050 which exhibited high total oil composition, could be useful to develop new functional oil materials.

Background: To obtain useful cosmetic resources, this study aimed to determine the non-saponin fatty acid and inhibitory activities of collagenase and elastase by treatment of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in supercritical fluid extracted oil of the adventitious root culture of wild mountain ginseng. Methods and Results: We performed supercritical fluid extraction at various conditions such as pressure, temperature, time, and use of co-solvents, unlike the n-hexane extraction for the adventitious roots culture of wild mountain ginseng. The non-saponin-fatty acid obtained from the oil of the adventitious roots culture was incresed by treatment with S. cerevisiae. The supercritical fluid extraction was conducted using gas chromatography. Non-saponin-fatty acid content, in the oil of adventitious roots culture of wild mountain ginseng treated with S. cerevisiae for 2 days were three times higher than that in the control. In addition, the oil of the adventitious roots culture treated with S. cerevisiae was investigated for the anti-wrinkle effect by using collagenase and elastase. The oil of adventitious roots culture treated with S. cerevisiae exhibited higher collagenase and elastase inhibitory activities than those in the control. Conclusions: Supercritical fluid extracted oil of the adventitious roots culture of wild mountain ginseng treated with S. cerevisiae was found to have decreased ratio of saturated fatty acids and incresed ratio and content of unsaturated fatty acids increased. Furthermore, it showed anti-wrinkle effects in vitro.

본 실험에서는 화장품에 널리 사용되는 지방산과 지방알코올을 Tween 80과 Span 80을 함께 사용하여 조성 상전이 유화법으로 O/W (oil-in-water) 저점도 나노에멀젼을 제조하였다. 지방알코올의 오일상에서의 농도가 증가할수록 나노에멀젼의 입자 크기가 증가하였다. 혼합계면활성제의 HLB를 조절하여 입도 분포가 좁 고 안정한 나노에멀젼의 제조가 가능하였다. 전상점 부근에서 지방산 및 지방알코올을 함유한 계 모두에서 유사 한 점도와 전기전도도의 변화를 보였으나 오일과 계면활성제만으로 구성된 계와는 다르게 넓은 수용액상 분율 범위에서 높은 점도를 나타냈다. 입자 크기가 100 nm 미만의 저점도 나노에멀젼은 실온에서 한 달 이상 안정하 였다. 지방산 또는 지방알코올을 함유하고, 저에너지 유화법으로 제조된 저점도 O/W 나노에멀젼 제형은 화장품 의 기재로서 널리 사용될 수 있다.

본 연구는 지방산 함량 및 배합사료와 조사료 비율을 기초로 한 유기농 사료 급여가 홀 스타인 착유우에서 생산된 원유의 CLA 및 지방산 함량에 미치는 연구를 조사하기 위한 목 적으로 실시하였다. 총 290두의 홀스타인 착유우를 산차 및 유량에 따라 3개 group으로 나 누었다. 대조구는 C16:00, C18:2 그리고 SFA를 높게 설계하였고, 처리구 1은 C18:1, C18:2 그리고 UFA 함량을 높게 설계하였으며 처리구 2는 MUFA, C18:3 그리고 PUFA 함량을 높 게 설계하였다. 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 유기농 원유 내 C16:0 함량은 처리구 2에서 가장 높은 것으로 나타났다(p<0.05). 그 이유는 반추위 내 미생물의 de novo 생합성 때문인 것으로 판단된다. 처리구 2의 C18:0 함량은 7.92%로 대조구(11.39%)와 처리구 1(10.88%)보 다 높았다(p<0.05). CLA 함량도 처리구 2가 처리구 1이나 대조구에 비하여 높은 것으로 나 타났다(p<0.05). 원유 내에서 검출된 대부분의 CLA는 착유우 유선조직내의 △9-desaturase에 의하여 합성된 것으로 판단된다. n-3/n-6 비율도 처리구 2에서 가장 높은 것으로 나타났다 (p<0.05). 본 연구 결과를 종합해 보면, 착유우에게 혼합 목건초 등을 급여하면 CLA, n-3 농 도는 증가하며 C18:0 농도는 낮아지는 것으로 조사되었다. 본 연구는 유기농 인증된 조사 료 및 농후사료를 이용하여 결과를 도출하였다. 그러나 유기농 사료를 사용할 경우에만 원 유 내 CLA 및 n-3 농도는 증가한다고 볼 수 없다. 원유 내 고농도의 CLA 및 n-3 지방산 생 산을 위해서는 반추위 미생물 및 유선세포의 지방 대사를 통한 CLA 생산 메커니즘에 대한 충분한 이해와 급여 사료 내 지방산 구성 등이 중요한 것으로 판단된다.

This study was investigated to develop mass evaluation system for the contents of crude protein, oil and fatty acid in soybean germplasm using NIRS. NIRS equations were created with 345 soybeans, multiple correlation coefficients of crude protein, oil, palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic and linolenic acid between data obtained from NIRS and quantitative analysis were 0.983, 0.969, 0.592, 0.514, 0.978, 0.961 and 0.957, respectively. Equation statistics indicated that contents of crude protein, oil and unsaturated fatty acid except palmitic and stearic acid in soybean seed were suitable for determination by NIRS. Those NIRS equations were applied to examine crude protein, oil and unsaturated fatty acid of 854 soybean landraces from Korea. The average contents and ranges of crude protein and oil were 39.2% with a range of 33.7-47.0% and 15.0% with a range of 9.8-20.3%, individually. In addition, those of oleic, linoleic and linolenic acid were 21.4% with a range of 12.1-30.2%, 55.6% with a 47.8-62.3% and 8.1% with a range of 5.9-10.7% respectively. We conducted quantitative analysis to reconfirm with IT154552 (45.1%) and IT023955(46.9%) above 45% of crude protein, the results were similar from NIRS (45.2%, 47.0%). NIRS data for protein from this study made no difference with lab data, which would be useful for mass evaluation. There was negative correlation (-0.203) between crude protein and oil, positive correlation (0.379) between crude oil and oleic acid, and significantly negative correlation (-0.879) between oleic and linoleic acid.

Background : The study about ginseng cultured roots have been reported mainly ginsenosides in saponins family. Other phytochemical such as non-saponins of fatty acid has been revealed its bioactive activity including anti-oxidation, whitening, anti-cancer. Supercritical extraction (SE) process mainly refer to the extraction with CO2, is usually from a solid matrix, is a sample preparation step for analytical purposes. SE produce no residual solvent and possess high stability of the extract component, which is advantageous for fatty acid analysis. Methods and Results : Fermented ginseng cultured roots used in the experiment were used for fermentation using Pediococcus pentosaceus. SE performed at different temperature, pressure and extraction time using non-fermented and fermented ginseng roots. Further we fractionated from fermented ginseng using Methanol, Hexane, Ethanol, Ethyl acetate and Butanol. We compared fatty acids contents ginseng extractions by GC analysis. Methyl linoleate contents was 44% of fatty acids supercritical extraction contained. The contents of Methyl linoleate was the most dominant component among 37 types of fatty acids by SE and other extractions solvent. Total fatty acids contents obtained by SE process from fermented ginseng (1325.61ppm) was twice than from non-fermented ginseng (618.47ppm). Conclusion : Fatty acids contents by SE was increased at high pressure. The best condition for fatty acids contents extraction was 60℃, 350bar and 3h.

Background : Despite the presence of various bioactive compounds in ginseng, there is lack of study on the variations of bioactive compounds in ginseng according to the cultivation of soil and the applied fertilizer types (or amount). Therefore, this study aims to examine the variations of 37 fatty acids (FA) and 8 vitamin E (Vit-E) vitamers in 6-year-old ginseng root cultivated in different soil types with different fertilizers regimes. Methods and Results : The profiling of 37 FAs and 8 Vit-E vitamers in 6-year-old ginseng roots was measured by gas chromatography coupled with a flame ionization detector, and then these results were statistically analyzed with chemometrics. The FA and Vit-E content in ginseng roots varied significantly with respect to soil cultivation conditions due to organic fertilizer types and amounts used. Unsaturated FA in ginseng is approximately 2.7 fold higher than the saturated FA. Linoleic, palmitic, and oleic acids were the most abundant FAs found in the ginseng roots. Also, the major Vit-E vitamer found in ginseng root is α -tocopherol. In particular, the application of rice straw compost or food waste fertilizer was increased to create nutritionally-desirable FAs and bioactive Vit-E in ginseng root. In addition, phytonutrient profiling coupled with chemometrics can be used to discriminate the cultivation conditions of ginseng. Conclusion : This preliminary study extends our understanding about the variations of FA and Vit-E in ginseng root depending on cultivation conditions. Hence, these results can be useful as basic information for reliable ginseng production containing high amounts of phytonutrients in a paddy-converted field.

Background : This text was conducted to compare the difference of fatty acid by part and ha bitat of Glehnia littoralis in Korea Midwest. Methods and Results : In Glehnia littoralis, Saturated fatty acid consisted of palmitic acid, ste aric acid, and unsaturated fatty acid was oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid. Content of w hole fatty acid was the most as 42.8% linoleic acid, and stearic acid was less best as 2.9%. Other fatty acid were oleic acid 27.1%, palmitic acid 15.3%, linolenic acid 11.9%. Fatty acid by plant part it was the most in leaf that linoleic acid (31.4%), and it was the most in root t hat linoleic acid (68.3%), and it was the most in breed that oleic acid (65.5%). Fatty acid by natural habitat contained in Incheon area located in high latitude more than Taean area. Conclusions : In Glehnia littoralis of Korea Midwest, The collection and cultivation of medici nal scope was broader, because difference of fatty acid content by natural habitat was light.

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effect of replacing 40% corn meal with three different types of barley (Youngyang, Wooho, and Yuyeon) on the chemical compositions, microbial indices, gas emission, and volatile fatty acid (VFA) content in feces of growing pigs. Sixteen pigs (Landrace × Yorkshire × Duroc) with an initial average body weight of 71 ± 2 kg were maintained in metabolic cages and randomly allotted to four treatments containing different sources of barley, for 23 days. The treatment with three different barley types replacing 40% ground corn showed no effect (P>0.05) on fecal chemical compositions, microbial indices, gas emission, and VFA. However, some differences (P<0.05) were noted in the chemical compositions of crude fiber and ash, and in the levels of Lactobacillus and Salmonella in the feces of the growing pigs. In conclusion, methane and hydrogen sulfide decreased by replacing 40% corn meal with Youngyang and Wooho barley, respectively.

In this study, agronomic characteristics and fatty acid composition of 121 flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) germplasms were analyzed. The flax germplasms had a fairly short growth period of 75-95 days. The plant height at maturity varied from 52 to 124 cm. The flower color varied from white to lilac and even purple. Early flowering flax germplasms had white flowers and were resistant to lodging. In early flowering flax germplasms, all agronomic characteristics, including growth period, plant height, branch number per plant, stem diameter, number of capsules per raceme, seed number per capsule, 1000-seed weight, and seed yield, were decreased. The average fatty acid composition of 121 flax germplasms comprised palmitic acid (5.3%), stearic acid (4.3%), oleic acid (29.7%), linoleic acid (13.1%) and linolenic acid (46.4%). The total content of unsaturated fatty acids ranged from 84~94% with an average of 88%. Among the fatty acids, linolenic acid (omega-3) content was the highest with a range of 36~54%. In five selected flax germplasms (Hollandia 1803, Red son, C & F Res Br 1767, Wiera, and Ireland 1657) with high linolenic acid (≥51%), total lipid and protein contents were 30~36% and 5.4~6.9%, respectively. Overall, flax can practically be adoptable into cropping systems in South Korea and utilized as a scenery crop, since flax has a short cultivation period with diverse flower colors.

Ninety ducks (one-day-old Pekins, 45 males and 45 females) were used to evaluate the effects of supplementing diets with Houttuynia cordata powder on the fatty acid profiles of duck breast meat. The ducks were allotted to one of the three treatment diets using a completely randomized design, each treatment-group containing three replicate pens with ten birds each (five of each gender). The experimental diets were: 1) Control (basal diet), 2) T1 (Control+ 1% Houttuynia cordata) and 3) T2 (Control+2% Houttuynia cordata). In spite of significant difference, the addition of Houttuynia cordata resulted in higher unsaturated fatty acid and lower saturated fatty acid contents than in the Control group. However, no remarkable difference was observed between 1% and 2 % Houttuynia cordata groups for fatty acid profiles.

Background : The major compounds of Angelica species are decursin, decursinol angelate, nodakenin, umbelliferone and β-sitosterol, which act anti-inflammatories, reduce pains, protect the liver and enhance the immune system. This study investigated the chemical compositions, minerals, metals, sugars and overall amino acid composition in Angelica gigas Nakai. Methods and Results : Powder of Angelica roots smaller than 30 mesh were used. Physico chemical analysis revealed the presence of carbohydrates (62.0%), crude proteins (13.9%), moisture (11.4%), crude fats (7.3%) and ash (5.4%). Results showed that potassium was present in the highest amount (1,859 ppm), followed by magnesium (214.5 ppm), calcium (147.3 ppm) and sodium (6.0 ppm). Free sugar profiles showed the presence of sucrose (29.3 g/100 g). The total amino acids concentrations was 9,752 ㎎/ 100 g, the most common and dominant amino acids were arginine (2,181 ㎎/100 g), glutamic acid (1,212 ㎎/100 g) and aspartic acid (834 ㎎/100 g). The total free amino acids contents was 1,476 ㎎/100 g, in which the most common amino acid were arginine (932 ㎎/100 g), glutamic acid (127 ㎎/100 g), and γ-aminobutyric acid (80.4 ㎎/100 g). The fatty acid composition of A. gigas showed a higher concentration of unsaturated fatty acids such as linoleic acid (443.9 ㎎/100 g) and palmitic acid (181.3 ㎎/100 g) according to gas chromatography. Conclusions : These results showed that Angelica roots can be used in various fields of foods and medicines, and in the preparation of cosmetics.

2005년 유기성폐기물의 직매립이 금지되었다. 또한 유기성폐기물의 해양배출 기준 강화에 따라 2013년부터 음식물류폐기물의 해양배출이 금지되었다. 국내 2013년 음식물류폐기물 발생량은 전체 생활폐기물 중 26.0%인 12,501 톤/일 규모로 배출되고 있으며, 처리량은 2012년 대비 약 58.4%로 매년 급증하고 있다. 최근 음식물류폐기물의 처리방안으로 바이오가스화가 주목받고 있다. 정부는 “폐자원 및 바이오매스 에너지대책 실행계획”(환경부 2009) 등을 바탕으로 바이오가스화 시설의 신규 설치 및 운영을 추진하고 있다. 바이오가스화 시설의 신규 건설이 본격적으로 이루어지는 반면, 운전 효율성은 운전 및 유지관리 미숙, 계절별 영향 등으로 인하여 처리기준에 미치지 못하는 시설이 다수인 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 실제 운영 중인 A지역의 음식물류폐기물 바이오가스화 시설을 대상으로 계절별 산발효조의 정밀모니터링 및 시설 운영인자를 조사･분석하여 계절별 산발효조 상태에 따른 혐기소화조의 운전효율성을 평가하고자 하였다. 산발효조의 현황을 파악하기 위하여 봄, 여름, 가을에 걸쳐 휘발성지방산, 영양물질, CODcr 등의 정밀모니터링을 실시하였다. 또한 해당 시설의 바이오가스 생산량, 휘발성지방산 등과 같은 운영 자료는 2014년 3월부터 2015년 4월까지 약 1년 동안의 데이터를 바탕으로 월별 평균 값을 도출하였다. 분석결과와 운영 자료를 비교·분석한 결과, 여름철 온도의 상승의 영향으로 산발효조 내부에서 음식물류폐기물이 더욱 활발히 분해되어 휘발성지방산의 농도가 증가하였다. 이에 따라 여름철 산발효조의 영향으로 메탄생성율 및 바이오가스의 메탄 함량(%)이 저하되는 경향을 보였다. 특히 메탄생성율은 여름철(6~8월) 30.0~41.03 m³ CH4/tonFWL, 여름을 제외한 다른 계절의 경우 38.6~51.6 m³ CH4/tonFWL로 계절에 따른 차이를 나타내었다.

Background : This study was carried out to investigate the changes to fatty acid, mineral, and ginsenosides contents in ginseng seed when they were stratified for different length of time and to determine whether variety had any effects on the changes. The aim was to improve the ginseng seed stratification process. Methods and Results : The ginseng varieties used were Geumpoong, Chunpoong, Yunpoong, and K-1. Stratifying periods treated on ginseng seed were 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 days. The main fatty acids of ginseng seed were oleic acid (C18 : 1, n9c) with a content of 78.40 - 79.20% followed by linoleic acid (C18 : 2, n6c). The main mineral in the seeds was potassium (K), at 1208.2 - 1337.6 ㎎/100 g. The main ginsenosides in ginseng seed were ginsenoside Re and Rb1. Increasing the length of the stratification periods led to increases in oleic acid content (60 - 80 days), however after this the content declined. In contrast, linoleic acid content fell as the stratification period increased. K, P, Mg, Ca and Na content rose as the stratification period increased. The ginsenoside Re content of Chunpoong and K-1 cultivar seeds also rose as the stratification period increased which meant that total ginsenoside content increased. However, ginsenoside Re content rose in Geumpoong and Yunpoong seeds, but total ginsenoside content decreased as the stratification period increased. Conclusions : Some beneficial compound in ginseng seed rose as the stratification period increased. Therefore, ginseng seed stratification could improve the food value of ginseng.