This study aimed to develop an optimal processing method for the production of apple-mango jelly for domestic suppliers, by analyzing the quality attributes of the jelly. According to the central composite design, a total of 11 experimental points were designed including the content of apple-mango juice (X1), and the sugar content (X2). The responses were analyzed including the color values (CIE Lab and color difference), physicochemical properties (water activity, sweetness, pH, and total acidity), and textural properties (hardness and gel strength). Regression analysis was conducted, except for total acidity, and showed no significant difference for all the experimental points (p<0.05). Quadratic model was derived for all responses with an R square value ranging from 0.8590 to 0.9978. Based on regression model, the appropriate mixing ratio of apple-mango jelly was found to be 31.11% of apple mango juice and 14.65% of sugar. Through this study, the possibility for developing jelly product using apple-mango was confirmed, and it is expected that these findings will contribute to the improvement of the agricultural industry.

This study set up the revenue water ratio that could be achieved within the range of the expenses of the water distribution network maintenance project, developed an analysis methodology that could estimate the additional project quantity to achieve the target revenue water ratio of 85% and applied and verified that to S. City. This methodology allowed the distribution of the leakage quantity for each leakage component by the pipeline through the total revenue water account balance analysis and BABE approach and the redistribution into the calculated leakage quantity more accurately through a step test. In addition, the level of reduction in leakage and the quantity of the project were estimated before and after the application of four strategies for the promotion of the revenue water ratio presented by IWA, according to the leakage components by the pipeline. As a result of the application of this analysis method to S. City, it would be possible to achieve up to the revenue water ratio of 81.0%, which was 74.7% in the beginning, if the water distribution network maintenance project was promoted within the range of the project expenses, and to achieve the revenue water ratio of 85.0%, the goal of the project, it would be necessary to replace the pipeline of 22.2% of the entire pipelines in the target area. As a result of the re-estimation of the revenue water ratio achievable, applying the actual water distribution network maintenance quantity in the scope of the business with the results of this analysis, the revenue water ratio was 81.7% while the actually measured revenue water ratio was 82.3%. Thus, the reliability of this analysis method could be secured to some extent.

본 실험은 논 토양에서 호밀 재배시 화학비료와 발효 돈분 액 비 혼용 시용이 생육특성 및 영양성분에 미치는 영향을 조사하고 자 실시하였다. 실험설계는 화학비료 100% 처리구(C), 화학비료 70% +돈분액비 30% 처리구(T1), 화학비료 50% +돈분액비 50%처리구(T2), 화학비료 30% +돈분액비 70% 처리구(T3) 그리고 돈분액비 100% 처리구(T4)로 한, 5처리 3반복 난괴법으로 배치 하였다. 이때 돈분 액비 시용은 질소량만을 기준으로 하였다. 초 장은 처리구들 간에 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다. 이삭길이, 엽장 및 엽폭은 각각 C, T3 및 T2구에서 각각 높게 나타났다 (p<0.05). 경의 굵기는 T4 > T3 > T2 > T1 > C구 순으로 돈분 액비 시용량이 높을수록 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). 건물수량 및 TDN 수량은 T4구가 가장 높게 나타난 반면 C구가 가장 낮게 나 타났다(p<0.05). 조단백질, NDF, ADF 및 조섬유 함량에서는 처 리구들 간에 유의적인 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 그러나 조지방 및 조회분 함량에 있어서는 각각 T2 및 T3구에서 높게 나타났다 (p<0.05). 총무기물 함량은 돈분액비 시용 비율이 증가할수록 유 의적으로 감소하였다(p<0.05). 그러나 총 유리당 함량은 돈분액 비 시용 비율이 높았던 T3 및 T4구가 높게 나타난 반면 화학비료 처리구(C) 및 돈분액비 시용 비율이 낮은 구(T1)에서는 낮게 나 타났다(p<0.05). 이상의 결과를 종합해 볼 때, 수량성(건물수량, TDN수량)과 사일리지 품질에 영향을 미치는 유리당을 고려한다 면 화학비료와 돈분액비 혼용하거나 돈분액비를 시용하는 것도 효과적이라고 사료된다.

In school safety education, it was difficult to apply how to link the safety education according to grades year, and student’s interest was reduced due to the repetition of existing safety education contents and the absence of new teaching methods and tools. In this study, as a new type of safety education, a performance forms fire safety education program was developed. This program aims to increase students’ interest and satisfaction in safety education, and to this end, it was connect with korean elementary science curriculum and combined various engineering teaching materials or tools and methods. Developed program was applied to 2,231 students, 25 schools in 10 regions of Gyeonggi-do and surveyed 476 fifth and sixth grade students program satisfaction and 3 factors of interest in fire safety education who could respond to the survey. As a result of applying the program, more than 90% of students responded more than 'satisfied' in all areas. and statistical test(independent t-test and non-parametric test) indicates over-all satisfaction and interest factors in the program are high regardless of gender and grade, so the effectiveness can be guessed indirectly and there is a universal applicability also. Moreover, examining the influence of student interest level in the satisfaction of the fire safety program, it was found that in order to increase the satisfaction of fire safety education, students should have more fun with the content and feel interest in the teacher's teaching method or explanation.

안정동위원소 분석 기법(Stable isotope analysis, SIA)은 환경과학, 생태학, 지구생물화학, 법의학, 고고학 등 다양한 연구 분야에 활용되고 있다. 본 총설에서는 수산 및 양식 연구에 안정동위원 소 비 분석 기법을 활용하기 위해 필요한 배경 지식을 소개하고자 한다. 특히, 자연 값(natural abundance)을 이용하는 연구에 초점을 두었고 원소가 생물의 조직으로 통합되는 과정에서 발 생하는 분별작용(동위원소 비의 변화)에 대한 원리와 안정동위원소 비가 유용한 도구로서 어 떤 목적으로 생태, 환경학 분야에 이용되는지, 나아가 수산 및 양식 분야에 활용 가능한 예들 을 제시하고자 한다. 본 논문을 통한 안정동위원소 분야의 이해로 향후 수산학 및 양식 연구 에서 안정 동위원소 비의 다양한 활용이 기대된다.

This study focused on diagnosing and analyzing the level of sustainable development for each fishing communities by applying the sustainable development index in the fishing communities to support the policy of revitalizing the fishing communities. In terms of methodology, diagnostic indicators for rural areas were used through previous studies and literature surveys, and three categories, five fields and 27 indicators were finally selected through collecting opinions from experts. After deriving the weight for each indicator in detail, the final sustainable development index of the fishing communities was applied to fishing village fraternity. Based on the results of the analysis of the application of sustainable development cases in fishing communities, policy support should be implemented differentially according to regional decline factors and potential growth factors. In the population and social sector, it is necessary to consider ways to reduce population and reduce aging. In the industrial and economic sectors, fishing activation and systematic support for fishing-related industries should be provided. In the marine and built environment sector, the government's active project execution and budget support are required. In addition, it is expected to be used in various ways in the process of developing fishing communities and establishing revitalization plans that reflect the characteristics of the region.

This paper introduces a container loading problem and proposes a theoretical approach that efficiently solves it. The problem is to determine a proper weight of products loaded on a container that is delivered by third party logistics (3PL) providers. When the company pre-loads products into a container, typically one or two days in advance of its delivery date, various truck weights of 3PL providers and unpredictability of the randomness make it difficult for the company to meet the total weight regulation. Such a randomness is mainly due to physical difference of trucks, fuel level, and personalized equipment/belongings, etc. This paper provides a theoretical methodology that uses historical shipping data to deal with the randomness. The problem is formulated as a stochastic optimization where the truck randomness is reflected by a theoretical distribution. The data analytics solution of the problem is derived, which can be easily applied in practice. Experiments using practical data reveal that the suggested approach results in a significant cost reduction, compared to a simple average heuristic method. This study provides new aspects of the container loading problem and the efficient solving approach, which can be widely applied in diverse industries using 3PL providers.

본 연구에서는 음이온 교환막 수전해 시스템에 적용가능성을 확인하고자 상용 음이온 교환막인 FAA-3-50, Neosepta-ASE, Sustainion grade T, Fujifilm type 10의 관련 물성을 평가하였다. 음이온교환막을 이용하는 특성상 음이온교환 기의 확인을 위하여 SEM/EDX를 이용하여 상용막의 모폴로지와 표면의 원소를 분석하여 상용막이 포함하고 있는 작용기의 분포를 확인하였다. 또한, UTM과 TGA를 이용하여 기계적 강도 및 열분해온도를 측정하여 수전해의 구동조건을 만족하는지 확인하였다. 음이온 교환막으로서의 성능을 파악하기 위하여 중요한 특성인 이온교환용량과 이온전도도를 측정하였으며, 알 칼리 환경에서 구동되기 때문에 각각의 상용막의 내알칼리성을 확인하기 위한 내구성 테스트를 진행하여 비교하였다. 최종적 으로 막-전극 접합체를 제조하여 수전해 single cell test를 진행하여 60°C, 70°C, 80°C의 온도 조건에서 cell 성능을 확인하였 고 장기 cell test로 다른 온도에서 20 cycle 측정하여 수전해 성능을 비교하여 상용막의 음이온 교환막 수전해에 적용가능성 을 비교하여 확인하였다.

최근 토목공학 분야 내 현장조건을 구현할 수 있는 스마트 건설 기술의 요소기술로서 3D 프린팅 기술의 적용 분야 가 확대되고 있다. 센서기술의 보조도구, 모듈러 시공상 적용 등으로 다양하게 활용되고 있는 가운데 3D 프린팅 기술을 단순 부재 제작이 아닌 각각의 부재들이 최대 성능을 발휘할 수 있는 최적설계 도출 방안으로 활용하고자 한다. 이를 위해 3D 프린 팅 재질인 필라멘트를 활용하더라도 신뢰성 있는 최적설계가 도출이 가능한지에 대한 연구가 선행되어야 하며, 이에 본 연구에 서는 지반보강재 중 하나인 지오셀 관련 선행연구 결과와 필라멘트의 물성치가 적용된 해석 결과와의 비교를 통해 재료적 신뢰 성을 검증하고자 한다. 해석 결과, 지오셀 구성요소에 따른 보강성능의 경향이 기존 선행연구 결과와 일치함을 확인하였기에 필 라멘트를 활용하더라고 충분히 신뢰성 있는 최적설계가 도출이 가능할 것이라 판단된다.

PURPOSES : In this study, a method to use magnesium phosphate ceramic (MPC) concrete for the surface maintenance of airport pavements with jointed concrete is developed. METHODS : To investigate the application of a material incorporated with MPC for the surface maintenance of airport pavements with jointed concrete, structures with various cross-sections and thicknesses were constructed. The cross-section of the structure was modeled for the surface maintenance of four types of pavements and typical pavement construction processes, such as cutting, cleaning, production and casting, finishing, hardening, and joint reinstallation. Subsequently, the hours required for each process was determined. RESULTS : The MPC concrete used for the surface maintenance of airport pavements with jointed concrete demonstrate excellent performance. The MPC concrete indicates a compressive strength exceeding 25 MPa for 2 h, and its hydration heat is 52.9 ℃~61.2 ℃. Meanwhile, the crushing and cleaning performed during the production and casting of the MPC require a significant amount of time. Specifically, for a partial repair process, a total of 6 h is sufficient under traffic control, although this duration is inadequate for a complete repair process. CONCLUSIONS : MPC concrete is advantageous for the surface maintenance of airport pavements with jointed concrete. In fact, MPC concrete can be sufficiently constructed using existing concrete maintenance equipment, and partial repair works spanning a cross-sectional area of 11 m2 can be completed in 1 d. In addition, if the crushing and cleaning are performed separately from production and construction, then repair work using MPC concrete can be performed at a larger scale.

Korea depends almost entirely on imports for malt, the main ingredient in beer. However, the consumer market for domestic malt has not developed in Korea because of the prejudice that the quality of domestic malt is inferior to that of imported malt. This study aimed to analyze the quality of malt from Gwangmaeg (GM) and Hopum (HP), representative domestic beer barley varieties cultivated under varying nitrogen fertilizer application rates (standard fertilizer application, 50% increase in application, and 50% decrease in application), and use the findings as primary data to promote domestic malt consumption. GM’s crude protein and starch contents were significantly (Ρ<0.05) higher and lower, respectively, than those in HP. With decreased fertilizer application (GM: 14.0±0.8% and HP: 11.4±0.4%), the protein content was significantly lower than that with increased fertilizer application (GM: 15.5± 0.3% and HP: 13.1±1.3%). Although there was no difference in -glucan content, starch content tended to increase, indicating quality improvement. Acrospire length, yield, and enzyme titer, quality indicators of malt, increased with further fertilizer application, whereas friability and Kolbach index increased with decreased fertilizer application. For wort qualities, filtration time decreased from 36 to 34 minutes in GM and 55 to 42 minutes in HP, with the wort extraction rate increasing with decreased fertilizer application. These findings showed that decreased nitrogen fertilizer application improves the qualities of malt and wort.

선박 간 충돌사고의 원인 분석에서는 해당 사고에 적용되는 항법에 따라 책 임관계가 달라질 수 있으며, 이는 해당 사고와 관련한 민사나 형사소송에까지 영향을 미치게 된다. 따라서 선박충돌사고에 있어 항법 적용의 기본적인 원칙 은 중요하다. 현재 우리 해양안전심판원에서는 양 선박이 상당한 시간과 여유를 가지고 접근하여, “항행 중인 한 선박의 입장에서 상대 선박이 어떤 동작을 취하고 있 는지 파악하고 다음에 어떤 동작을 취할 것인지 예상할 수 있을 정도로 상당기간 침로 및 속력을 유지한 상태”에 한하여 항법규정에 명시되어 있는 일반적 인 항법을 적용하고 있다. 이러한 조건에 맞지 아니하여 일반적인 항법을 적용 하는 것이 적절하지 아니한 경우 선원의 상무 규정이 적용되고 있다. 한편, 사고 수역이 무역항의 수상구역 등인 경우 ｢선박의 입항 및 출항 등에 관한 법률(이하 “선박입출항법”이라 한다)｣의 항법규정이 우선 적용되며, ｢선박 입출항법｣에서 따로 정하지 않는 부분은 ｢해사안전법｣상의 항법규정을 적용하 게 된다. 무역항의 수상구역 등을 제외한 우리 영해와 이와 접속한 수역에서는 ｢해사안전법｣상의 항법규정이 적용될 것이며, 이 법률에 명시적 규정이 없는 경우에는 선원의 상무 규정이 적용될 것이다. 항법의 적용에 있어 항법 적용의 시점(始點) 문제는 중요하다. 항법 적용의 시점은 어느 지점에서 충돌의 위험성이 존재하기 시작하였는지에 대한 판단을 기준으로 하여, 최근접점까지 도달하기 15분전이 되는 지점 및 양 선박 간의 거 리가 3마일 이내가 된 지점을 함께 고려하여 결정하여야 할 것이다. 양 선박 간의 항법변경에 대한 합의는 양측이 시간적 여유를 두고 충분히 항 법변경을 약속한 상태에서만 인정할 수 있을 것이고, 이러한 합의의 효과는 ｢ 선박입출항법｣과 ｢해사안전법｣에 명시된 항법에 우선한다.