Recently, the slope failure, which is frequently happened in Ice-melting season, attracts attention in South Korea. The increasing trend in frequency of freezing-thawing process has regarded as major reason of slope failure. However, the time and check level are not reflected at the safety assessments and inspection guidelines. Therefore, the characteristics of slope in ice-melting season should be considered to improve the slope stability in ice-melting season. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the influence of the potential risk factors on the slope stability for development of the slope checklist reflecting the timing and check level based on the slope inspection checklist which is provided by the recent research.

In this study, nonlinear time history analysis was performed using OpenSEES, a general structural analysis program, after selecting the target bridges. The degree of damage was classified by the damage status definition proposed by Alkex(2008). The seismic evaluation of the target bridges was carried out through the analysis results.

This study examined the safety of nuclear spent-fuel (NSF) transport casks against accidental puncture events. Finite element analyses were conducted according to the accident conditions in NUREG-1536 and RG 7.8, which specify 1-m parallel and vertical drops on a rigid rod that has 15-cm diameter and 20-cm height. We focused on the safety evaluation of the cask body, baskets, and canister based on ASME BPVC Section III, and evaluated whether these elements would undergo excessive fracture or puncture.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the safety of curved orthogonal anisoropic bridge girder oblique plates through structural analysis, load test, and steel non - destructive investigation. As a result of the analysis, it is considered that the stress generated in the oblique plates is within 10% of the allowable stress and that the stress generated in the oblique plates in the actual traffic load state is very small and structurally safe.

After analyzing the evaluation details of the durability items of the concrete retaining wall for a certain period, the problems were identified. The lack of competency and lack of institutional skills of participating engineers have been analyzed as the main factors, and the improvement of technical and institutional aspects is required.

잔교식 안벽의 수중부는 접근이 쉽지 않아서 손상확인이 어려운 곳인데, 최근들어 태풍과 지진이 빈번하게 발생하고 있어 잔교식안벽 수중부 구조물의 손상 누적으로 인한 붕괴가 우려되는 상황이다. 잔교식 안벽의 붕괴를 방지하고 체계적으로 유지관리하기 위한 방안으로 FBG 센서를 이용한 적용 방법과 안전성 평가 방법을 연구하였다. 잔교식 안벽에 파일로 사용되는 원형 강관에 대한 FBG 센서의 적용 방안을 확인하기 위해 실내실험을 실시하고, 센서를 용접하여 부착하는 방법으로 적용해야 하는 것을 확인하였다. 잔교식 안벽에 대한 구조해석을 수행하여 FBG 센서를 부착하기 위한 최적의 부착위치를 확인하였다. 고정하중에 대한 응력을 구조해석을 하여 계산하고, FBG 센서를 통해 얻은 데이터를 이용하여 활하중에 대한 응력을 계산한 다음에 두 응력을 더해서 파일에 작용하고 있는 응력을 계산하였다. 계산한 응력을 허용응력과 비교하여 파일의 안전성 평가를 수행하였다. 본 연구는 잔교식 안벽의 안전성을 실시간으로 평가하는 방안을 찾기 위한 기초 연구로 수행되었다.

계선주는 선박이 계류삭을 고박함으로써 항만의 부두에 계류를 시행할 수 있도록 하는 필수적인 항만의 시설물로서, 부두에 설치 되는 계선주는 국내의 항만 및 어항설계기준에서 제시하는 설치 규모와 개수, 재질 및 배치 형상에 따라 설치되고 있다. 그러나 우리나라에서는 선박의 접안 안전성 확보를 위한 계선주의 사용을 위한 관리 기준이 마련되지 않은 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 선박이 부두에 접안 중 계선 주에 작용하는 견인력을 포함한 계선주 관련 설계기준을 조사하고, 국내에 현재 설치되는 계선주의 규격별 상세 제원 조사를 토대로 견인력에 따른 선박의 접안 안전성 확보를 위한 계선주의 성능을 분석하였다. 계선주 성능 분석은 견인력에 따른 작용력을 수평방향과 수직방향으로 나누어 각각의 작용력에 의해 계선주에 작용하는 각각의 응력으로 구분하여 평가하였다. 국내 계선주에 대한 성능 평가를 위해 상세 제원 조사 결과를 바탕으로 한계 강도 245Mpa을 산출하고 각각의 응력과 비교하여 적정성 평가를 시행하고 한계 성능에 도달하는 제원을 산출하였으며 산출 결과 현재 국내에 설치되는 계선주에 규격별 견인력에 따른 작용 응력은 최소 150Mpa 이하로 산출되어 한계 강도의 60% 수준으로 성능을 만족한 것으로 평가되었다. 향후 이러한 계선주 상세 제원에 따른 성능 평가 방법은 계선주 제원에 따른 부두에 접안하는 선박에 대한 계선주의 적정성 및 사용에 따른 계선주 상세 제원 변화에 대한 관리 기준 개발에도 활용될 것으로 기대된다.

본 연구에서는 대표적인 향신료가공품인 고춧가루, 후춧가루, 생강가루, 마늘가루의 일반세균, 대장균군 및 식중독세균 오염도를 분석하여 시중 유통 중인 향신료 제품의 미생물학적 안전성을 평가하고자 하였다. 본 실험에 사용된 재료는 고춧가루 45건, 후춧가루 28건, 생강가루 29건, 마늘가루 17건, 총 119건의 향신료를 사용하였다. 일반세균, 대장균군 및 식중독 세균은 식품공전에 따라 실험하였으며, B. cereus의 독소 유전자는 PCR을 이용하여 분석하였다. 일반세균수는 HACCP 인증 제품에서 평균 6.2±1.2 log CFU/g, HACCP 미인증 제품에서 평균 5.4±1.8 log CFU/g으로 나타났다. 대장균군 오염도는 HACCP 인증 제품에서 35.1%, HACCP 미인증 제품에서 32.9% 검출되어 HACCP 인증 제품에서 높은 오염도를 나타내었다. Salmonella spp., Listeria monocytogenes, Bacillus cereus, E. coli O157, Yersinia enterocolitica, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Staphylococcus aureus 등 7종의 식중독균을 실험한 결과 17건의 향신료에서 B. cereus가 검출되었다. 또한 HACCP 인증된 37건 중 7건(18.9%), HACCP 미인증 82건 중 10건(11.8%)에서 B. cereus가 검출되었다. 본 실험결과 시중 유통되고 있는 향신료 제품의 경우 HACCP 인증 여부와 관계없이 대장균군 및B. cereus 오염도를 나타내어 향신료 재배에 농산물우수관리 제도를 도입하여 대장균군 등 미생물 오염 원인을 관리하고 기존 HACCP 시스템의 미생물 살균공정 등을 개선하여야 할 것으로 판단되었다.

Background : The human patch test is a method used to evaluate potential skin irritation after contact with a cosmetic materials. Pectin lyase-modified red ginseng extract (GS-E3D) is a newly developed ginsenoside Rd-enriched ginseng extract. This study was designed to investigate the skin safety of GS-E3D in human patch test. Methods and Results : Thirty two female volunteers were tested with GS-E3D. GS-E3D (20 ㎕) was applied to occlusive patch test devices and was then applied onto the back of subject with normal skin for 24 hours. Cutaneous irritation responses were evaluated and graded according to criterion of International Contact Dermatitis Research Group (ICDRG) at 30 min, 24 hours, and 48 hours after removing of GS-E3D patch. The average age of subjects was 47.3 ± 9.3 years. Skin reactivity calculated from irritation score in GS-E3D treated group was 0.51 and skin irritation score of no application group was 0, respectively. Skin irritancy was no response in both GS-E3D treated group and no application group. From above data, GS-E3D was identified as a non-irritant according to ICDRG guideline that skin irritation score of ‘0.00 - 0.75’ is a non-irritant. Conclusion : These results indicate that GS-E3D can be useful as a safe cometic ingredient.

The law of facilities safety is maintained for the purpose of protecting the safety of the people. Recently, the law of facilities safety is revised to introduce an evaluation system based on performance. In this research, we classified the civil complaints that occur continuously in relation to the introduction of the performance evaluation system and through this we drew the improvements to establish the system.

This paper presents statistics that evaluate the results of a precision safety inspection and precision safety diagnosis over the past five years. The impact and degree of poor inspection and diagnosis were analyzed by dividing contract amount by rate, implementer, and managing body. The purpose of the analysis is to elicit problems and measures in the system.

This study investigated the prevalence of total aerobic bacteria, coliform and food poisoning (Bacillus cereus) bacteria in commercial Jeotgal for the evaluation of microbiological safety. The mean mass of total aerobic bacteria was 4.8±1.4 log CFU/g in Jeotgal. Coliform was detected in 17 (48.6%) of 35 seasoned Jeotgal; 14 (42.4%) of 33 low salted Jeotgal compared with three (16.7%) of 18 general salted Jeotgal; and in three (37.5%) of eight HACCP certificated Jeotgal compared with 14 (32.6%) of 43 non-HACCP certificated Jeotgal. Bacillus cereus was detected in two (12.5%) of 16 non-seasoned Jeotgal compared with 20 (57.1%) of 35 seasoned Jeotgal; in 19 (57.6%) of 33 low salted Jeotgal compared with three (16.7%) of 18 general salted Jeotgal, and in four (50.0%) of eight HACCP certificated Jeotgal compared with 18 (41.9%) of 43 non-HACCP certificated Jeotgal. Overall, our results showed that coliform and B. cereus contamination was highest in the seasoned and low salted Jeotgal. It is necessary to improve the microbiological safety low salted and seasoned Jeotgal. The HACCP system in Jeotgal is reconfirmed for the enhancement of microbiological safety.

In this study, the durability rating was evaluated to evaluate the safety of bridges considering the factors affecting the corrosion of cables in cable-stayed bridges and suspension bridges. Corrosion factors were considered for salinity, sulfur dioxide concentration and relative humidity. In addition, the durability level was calculated by applying the corrosion rates given in KS D ISO 9223 ~ 9226.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the structural safety of anchor bolts used for connecting between H-beam and reinforced concrete, which are considered to be the most vulnerable parts to external loads.

Recently, the frequency of natural disasters in Korea is increasing due to the influence of global climate change, and the importance of quick and accurate monitoring and corresponding response is frequently and strongly stressed in terms of disaster management. In this regard, this study describes a development of realtime safety evaluation system (RSEE) which enables to carryout real-time measurement and safety evaluation of some important SOC water infrastructures (dams, weirs, cut slopes, retaining walls, levees and bridges) installed along the nation registered large scale rivers.

The river levees along the state owned rivers or local rivers are a major infrastructure of the nation, and it is necessary to be able to quickly and accurately evaluate the safety of each structure in case of a disaster such as flood or earthquake, so as to enable preemptive disaster response. In this study, a “real-time safety assessment method of river levees” was developed to understand the safety of river levee in real time and cope with disaster situations preemptively and effectively, and its applicability was examined. The real-time safety evaluation method of the river embankment developed in this study is based on two systems; ① real-time monitoring system by instruments and ② safety evaluation DB system of river embankment based on fragility curves using numerical analysis results. In order to validate its applicability, the safety of Munsan levee located in the upstream area of Kangjeong-Goryeong Weir was evaluated by applying the proposed method.

A series of disaster response drill was conducted using a robust and integrated safety management platform (WINS+) which can provide multi-functions of safety evaluation in realtime, disaster information provision and recovery actions for major water infrastructures, which are designated as nation’s first class infrastructures, under natural disasters such as floods or earthquakes. It is believed that the experience of disaster response drills using the new integrated safety management system (WINS+) enhances our capability of preparedness and response against disasters, and that the validity of WINS+ can be clearly confirmed.

중공슬래브는 휨 성능에 영향을 미치지 않는 부분의 콘크리트 단면을 삭제하고 중공재로 치환함으로써 중공재 부피만큼 콘크리트가 줄어들어 자중 감소효과를 가져오는 장점이 있다. 또한, 콘크리트의 물량절감뿐 아니라 친환경적 측면에서 이산화탄소의 배출도 저감할 수 있어 효과적이다. 하지만, 중공재로 치환한 부분의 지압강도가 명확하지 현장 적용 시에 여러 가지 문제점이 발생한다. 이에 본 연구에서는 중공재가 포함된 중공슬래브를 제작하여 각 타입별(트럭 하중 적용 시, 동바리 하중 적용 시 및 잭 서포트 하중 적용 시)로 국부지압강도 실험을 수행하여 중공슬래브 국부 지압강도의 안전성을 평가하고자 한다. 트럭하중 적용 시, 동바리 하중 적용 시 및 잭 서포트 하중 적용 시의 실험결과 중공재 연결부위 및 중공재 상부의 지압강도는 모든 실험체에서 허용 하중 이상을 보유한 것으로 나타났다. 또한 데크 적용 유무에 따른 실험결과도 모두 허용 하중을 초과하여 안정성을 확보하는 것으로 나타났다.

Numerical analysis using commercial CFD code was carried out to develop the drag force type vertical axis hydraulic turbine for the improvement of the production efficiency of small hydro energy at low flow velocity condition. Blade pressure changes and internal flows were analyzed according to the presence or absence of the hydraulic turbine blade holes at flow velocity of less than 1.0~3.0 m/s. According to the numerical results, the pressure and flow velocity is severly affected by the flow velocity in turbine blade with no holes, while the influence of flow velocity is comparatively decreased in turbine blade with holes. It is also found that the pressure and flow velocity on the blade surface with holes are evenly distributed with no singular location and it is believed that forming a hole in the blade may be helpful in terms of structural safety.