The purpose of this study was to investigate the intake of energy drinks and awareness of caffeine among middle school students. The subject was 313 middle school in Incheon area. The questionnaire respondents are consisted of 133 male students and 180 female students. The recognition result that allowed multiple responses to energy drink types was recognized by hot six at 28.9%, followed by red bull 24.3%, monster energy 13.8%, wolf energy 8.0% and taurine soda 6.9%, respectively. There was a significant difference in the experience of energy drink intake, intake reason, intake time and place (p<0.05), but there was no significant difference in intake frequency and place (p>0.05). There were significant differences in experience and frequency of energy drink intake (p<0.05), but there was no significant difference in intake reason, choice criteria, intake time and place (p>0.05). The result of the perception of energy drinks according to gender was 2.25 points for male students and 2.61 points for female students in the question 'caffeine is also present in tea, green tea, cola and chocolate'. There was a significant difference between male and female students (p<0.05). As a result of the recogniton of energy drinks, "the appropriate amount of caffeine is cleared and the concentration improves." When asked, "low body weight is 2.24 points, normal 2.27 points, overweight 1.89 points, obesity 2.46 points (p<0.05). There was a statistically significant difference in body mass index (BMI) between the two groups (1.95 for low body weight, 2.10 for normal body weight, 1.62 for overweight and 2.43 for obesity). Regression analysis showed that R2=0.007 and F=2.798, respectively. Significant differences were found at the significance level of p<0.05. Energy drink consumption expenditure(β= 0.121, p<0.05), sleep time(β=0.130, p<0.05), and caffeine perception(β=－0.162, p<0.05) were significant determinants of energy drinks intake.

본 연구의 목적은 비행청소년들을 대상으로 이들의 공격성에 가족, 인지, 심리 요인이 미친 영향을 알아보고자 함이다. 이를 위해 전국 15개 청소년비행예방센터에 의뢰된 572명의 비행청소년들을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였다. 수집된 자료를 바탕으로 다중회귀분석을 실시한 주요결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 통제변수만 투입하였을 때 학업성적과 유예중퇴경험이 유의미한 요인으로 나타났다. 둘째, 가족요인들을 추가한 회귀모형에서는 가족화목도와 가족의사소통이 유의미한 요인으로 나타났다. 통제변수는 모형1과 동일하게 유의미하였다. 셋째, 인지적 요인들을 추가한 모형에서는 공격신념이 낮을수록, 자기통제력과 가족화목도가 높을수록 공격성이 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 통제변수는 더 이상 유의미하지 않았다. 마지막으로 심리적 요인들을 추가한 최종모형에서는 자기통제력이 낮을수록, 우울/불안수준과 공격신념이 높을수록 공격성이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 자기통제력, 우울/불안, 공격신념 순으로 유의미한 영향력을 가졌다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 비행청소년의 공격성과 관련된 논의와 함의점을 제시하였다.

The study intends to examine the effects of the fishing license system on fisheries resources in order to reduce the adverse effects of recreational fishing, such as fishery resource reduction and environmental pollution. In doing so, the research question of the study is to determine what factors influence anglers’ willingness to support fishing licenses. Based on the extended theory of planned behavior, we further included explanatory variables such as recreation specialization and motivations besides anglers’attitudes, norms and self-efficacy towards the environment and proposed six research hypotheses. The data were collected through on-site and online surveys in Gwangju and Cheonnam province and a total of 337 effective questionnaires were collected for data analysis. Three different binary logit models were employed with the dependent variable of anglers’willingness to support fishing licenses to assess the effects of explanatory variables. Study results show that social norms, the level of recreation specialization, motivation factors related to environmental experiences positively affected anglers’willingness to support fishing licenses. However, anglers’consumptive orientation attitudes such as catching big fish, motivation factors related to activity general experience preferences and previous fishing experience had negative effects on the dependent variables. Study results indicate that public outreach and education programs are essential to successfully introduce the fishing license system. Managerial and policy-related implications are further discussed to make recreational fishing a more environment-friendly recreational activity. This study investigated the effects of diverse variables derived from anglers’social-psychological characteristics on their support for fishing licenses and suggest diverse policy-related and managerial implications.

변화의 요구가 일상화된 시대에 조직구성원의 지속적 학습은 조직효과성에도 기여할 수 있다 (Arneson, 2006). 이러한 관점에 입각해서 본 연구는 서비스업 종사자들의 지속학습과정을 연구하여 전환 학습을 통한 적응학습에 이르는 과정을 검증하였다. 개인수준에서 심리적 임파워먼트와 네트워킹이 각각 전환학습에 주는 영향을 검증하여, 순차적으로 적응학습에 미치는 영향을 살펴보았다. 또한 전환학습과 적응학습의 관계에서 팀 수준 변수인 팀 학습풍토와 팀 지식특성의 조절효과를 검증하여 교차수준의 영 향력을 연구하였다. 연구모형의 검증을 위해서 45개의 팀에서 198명의 서비스업 근로자를 대상으로 개인및 팀 수준 설문조사를 실시하였다. 학습과정에 대한 모형은 AMOS를 사용하고, 개인 및 팀 수준의 관계 는 HLM을 적용하여 분석한 결과, 심리적 임파워먼트가 전환학습을 통해 적응학습에 미치는 영향은 부분 매개로 확인되었으며, 네트워킹이 전환학습을 통해 적응학습에 미치는 영향은 유의미하지 않았다. 또한 전환학습과 적응학습의 관계에서 팀 수준인 팀 학습풍토와 팀 지식특성의 조절효과는 각각 유의미하였다. 연구결과를 바탕으로 지속학습활동을 자극할 수 있는 이론적, 실무적 시사점을 제공하였다.

PL (Product Liability) refers to the legal responsibility of a manufacturer or seller for bodily injuries or property losses caused by product defects. Therefore, it is important for companies to construct a product liability response system that strategically manage and effectively adapt to product liability. A PL response system refers to companywide operations of PL prevention (PLP) measures, product safety (PS) measures, and PL defense (PLD) measures appropriate for a company’s scale and environment. To establish an enterprise product liability response system, each essential component of corporations should be systematically operated and maintained considering the scale and characteristics of the corporations. Essential components of PL response system is Strategy, Organization, Training, Technology, Investment, and Awareness. Role of essential components is that companies need specific strategies to secure product safety and protect customers from product defects, and appropriate organizations must be composed for effective operation of such strategies. The objective of this paper seeks to examine the relationships among the essential components of the product liability response system and PL performance. PL performance consists of positive performance and negative performance. In particular, positive performance include increased efforts in product or process innovation such as strengthening research and development (R&D) to produce safer products without defects. In order to carry out this research we obtained 98 questionnaire of manufacturing company. A summary of the analyses is as follows: First, the awareness and technology among essential components affect significantly to the positive performance. Second, the awareness and strategy among essential components negative affect to the negative performance.

The competition to acquire customers with repurchase intention is getting more and more intense in the saturated smartphone market. That is why the aim of this study is to investigate the difference in purchasing determinants between various age groups and gender. Furthermore we aimed to analyze which of the purchasing determinants influence repurchase intention. In order to gather information we conducted a survey on 252 respondents. We selected 5 purchasing determinants (A/S, H/W, switching cost, network effect and design) by conducting factor analysis and validity analysis. Then we analyzed how respondents of different age groups and gender perceived different purchasing determinants and analyzed the influence purchasing determinants have on repurchase intention. As for analyzing the difference of purchasing determinants throughout various age groups, the H/W, A/S, network effect showed a notable difference. The older respondents tended to consider H/W, A/S , network effect more importantly than younger respondents. When it came to comparing the results depending on the gender, male respondents tended to consider H/W factor more importantly compared to female respondents and the opposite was true for other factors such as A/S, switching cost, design, and network effect but there weren’t any significant differences. Finally, out of various determinant factors, network effect and design turned out to have a considerable influence on repurchase intention. That is why it would be highly appropriate to say that if a company intends to boost repurchase intention, enhancing network effect and developing an effective design would be crucial. This study differs from other existing researches in that we analyzed respondents from different age groups and gender separately. Also unlike other researches we directly analyzed the influence purchasing determinants have on repurchase intention not customer satisfaction. This study is expected to serve as basic information that can be used to establish strategies both in an academic and practical level, allowing companies to boost the repurchase intention of the smartphone market.

The aims of this study was to investigate the satisfactions with school food service and its influencing factors for elementary and middle school parents. We surveyed parents regarding their concerns about food ingredients and dietary life, perceptions of free school food service, the necessity of food supply systems such as school food service centers, and the satisfaction about the quality and management of school food services. Compared to the last year, concerns about food ingredients and dietary life as well as perceptions about free school food services decreased. The reported necessity of supply system such as school food service centers and co-purchasing was lower than in 2015. The satisfaction about the school food service decreased, compared to 2015. More individuals had higher concerns about local food and stated the necessity for school food supply systems, as well as a higher satisfaction about the quality and management of school food services. In conclusion, it is important to emphasize characteristics of school food services such as co-purchasing local foods.

Although adolescents’ obesity prevalence increases recently in Korea due to Westernized dietary life, according to social and economic development, and physical activity decline, distorted body image and improper dietary habits are prevalent, because of excessive obsession with weight control, deriving from psychological impacts including appearance supremacy. This study conducted a survey on health oriented awareness and attitude related with dietary habits targeting adolescents, such as high school students and college students, younger than 24, from May 11 to May 29, 2015. In this study, 280 questionnaire copies were collected out of 300 distributed questionnaire copies, and used 269 copies as analysis data, except 11 copies of which responses were inadequate. The results of this study are as follows: First, the high school students showed higher dietary regularity than the college students. Especially, 95.5% of the college students showed very high irregularity of lunch, compared with just 4.5% of the high school students. Second, the adolescents showed distorted perceived body image in comparison with body mass index (BMI). As a result of examining BMI relationship, according to one’s own perception on body type, 28.6% of the respondents perceived themselves fat, despite normal BMI, and 40.4% of the respondents perceived themselves normal, despite low BMI. Third, health behavior activities level was higher, as the regularity of breakfast (B=1.093), lunch, (B=0.650), and dinner (B=0.765) was higher. The variable affecting the most (β =0.372) was the regularity of breakfast. As interest in weight control was higher, health behavior activities was lower. Because over-interest in weight control may be linked with improper dietary habits or weight control, a caution is needed. The results of this study are expected to be utilized as the basic data for the policy and health-oriented program development to improve adolescents’ health behavior practice.

Even though the red pepper is one of the most important seasoning vegetables in Korea, the volume of usage of domestic red pepper has shrunk due to decrease in consumption. Thus, researchers and government officers need to seek for solutions to extend usage of domestic red pepper of food processing industry which consumes considerable amount of it. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the factors of the usage of domestic red pepper in food processing companies using cross-tabulation analysis and multiple regression model and to find the implications for promoting the usage of domestic red pepper. The results of studies present that specific characteristics of food processing companies affect the usage of domestic red pepper, including size of sales, shape of company, food product processed by company, human organization for purchase of food material, registered trademark, and support of government. This study also suggests that government needs to offer more supporting programs to sauce industry and improve the system of program to promote the usage of domestic red pepper.

In this study, causes and consequences of bullying were explored, focusing on victim personality and appearance factors. The research model included the relationships among bullying, important causes of bullying (aggression, cleanliness, and obesity of victims) and consequences of bullying (self-esteem and depression) and was tested through survey data from 594 (194 male and 404 female) middle school students. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, confirmatory factor analysis, and path analysis with SPSS and AMOS. In the results of the model tests, victims who are more aggressive, less clean, and more overweight are more likely to be bullied. In addition, adolescents bullied by others tend to have lower self-esteem and more depression. Furthermore, the model comparison was assessed by gender and a difference between the two gender models was found. In the check of critical ratio for difference, it was concluded that the cleanliness of the victim is a more important cause of bullying for male adolescents than for female adolescents. It is meaningful to confirm the effects of the victim’s appearance factors on bullying in the literature focusing on personality issues of victims. Educators and counselors may refer to the findings in developing counseling guidelines and manuals to prevent bullying in school.

The purpose of this study was to investigate meteorological factors’ effects on clothing sales based on empirical data from a leading apparel company. The daily sales data were aggregated from “A” company’s store records for the Fall/Winter season from 2012 to 2015. Daily weather data corresponding to sales volume data were collected from the Korea Meteorological Administration. The weekend effect and meteorological factors including temperature, wind, humidity, rainfall, fine dust, sea level pressure, and sunshine hours were selected as independent variables to calculate their effects on A company’s apparel sales volume. The analysis used a SAS program including correlation analysis, t-test, and multiple-regression analysis. The study results were: First, the weekend effect was the most influential factor affecting sales volume, followed by fine dust and temperature. Second, there were significant differences in the independent variables’effects on sales volume according to the garments’ classification. Third, temperature significantly affected outer garments’sales volume, while top garments’ sales volume was not influenced significantly. Fourth, humidity, sea level pressure and sunshine affected sales volume partly according to the garments’ item. This study can provide proof of significant relationships between meteorological factors and the sales volume of garments, which will serve well to establish better inventory strategies.

PURPOSES:This study aims to analyze the impact of the implementation of a school zone traffic safety improvement project on the number of accidents involving children in these zones.METHODS :To analyze the correlation between school zone traffic safety features of roads in the zone and the number of accidents involving children, we developed an occurrence probability model of traffic accidents involving children by using a binary logistic regression model with SPSS 23.0 software. Two separate models were developed for two zones: interior block and arterial road.RESULTS:The model depicted that in the case of the interior block, shorter sidewalk width, speed bump, and an elevated crosswalk were key factors affecting the occurrence of accidents involving children. In the case of arterial roads exceeding a width of 12 m, the speed limit, roadside barriers, and red paving of road surfaces were found to be the key factors.CONCLUSIONS:The results of this study can serve as the elementary research data to help improve the effectiveness of school zone traffic safety improvement projects and school zone road repair projects in future.

Spodoptera litura (Fabricius, 1775) is considered as a serious agricultural pest, which damaged to the many crops including sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas). We investigated weekly occurrence of the Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) using pheromone trap at six study fields of three regions, Jeonnam, Korea. A total of 41,895 individuals were collected from 18th July to 23th September in 2013; Yeongamgun was collected the highest individuals (17,519), and following the Muan-gun (12,709) and Haenamgun (11,667). The seasonal occurrence of S. Litura was increased from July to September, and peak occurrence timing was in late-September. There were a positive correlation between field area and number of individuals (P=0.02, r=0.89), and a negative correlation between field area and density (p=0.02, r=-0.89). As a PCA (principal component analysis) result, adults occurrence pattern were closely related to the temperature and relative humidity during larva stage.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of determinants of Smartphone purchasing such as A/S, brand, H/W, switching cost, design on customer satisfaction and verify the accordance of the results of existing researches and our research with customers’ actual experience. The study also sought to confirm if moderating effects exist between determinants of Smartphone purchasing and customer satisfaction by age, gender. Data for this study was gathered by analyzing the results of a survey we conducted on 252 respondents. By taking into account the results of antecedent researches, we determined A/S, brand, H/W, switching cost, design as the 5 main factors that influence Smartphone purchasing behavior. We focused on analyzing the effect determinants of Smartphone purchasing has on consumer satisfaction and whether there exist any moderating effects between the determinants of Smartphone purchasing and consumer satisfaction by age and gender. As a result, we found out that design, brand, H/W had a significant influence on consumer satisfaction in the descending order. Switching cost and A/S turned out to have very little influence on consumer satisfaction. Also as a result of analyzing the moderating effects between determinants of Smartphone purchasing and consumer satisfaction by age and gender, the study verified that that A/S had the most significant influence as a moderating effect on age. And as for gender, switching cost was turned out to have a significant influence. The result of this study indicates several academic and practical implications for customer satisfaction of Smartphone business. Therefore, this result is expected to contribute to verifying influential factors of customer satisfaction improvement both academically and practically.

목 적: 본 연구는 필리핀과 한국 남학생들의 안건강을 조사하여 유병률 및 위험요인을 비교 분석하고자 하였다. 방 법: 필리핀과 한국의 17세 남학생 각각 196명을 대상으로 건성안 증후군, 자각증상, 결막염, 익상편 유무를 알아보았다. 건성안 증후군은 맥모니 설문지를 이용하였으며, 자각증상 및 video display 사용시간, 햇빛 노출시간을 설문항목에 추가하였고, 결막염과 익상편은 육안검사를 통해 확인하였다. 결 과: 하루 평균 햇빛 노출시간은 수업시간을 제외하고 필리핀 학생 2시간 12분, 한국 학생 1시간 1분이 었다. 필리핀 남학생들의 햇빛 노출시간은 건성안증후군, 자각증상, 결막염, 익상편 환자에게서 유의하였다. video display 시간에서는 유의하지 않았다. 한국 남학생들은 맥모니 설문점수를 제외하고 모두 유의하지 않았다. 필리핀 학생들은 건성안 증후군에서 자각증상과 결막염 및 익상편의 발생빈도가 통계적으로 차이가 있었으며, 햇빛 노출시간이 길수록 맥모니 설문점수가 높았고, 결막염과 익상편의 유병률이 높았다. 결 론: 한국과 달리 필리핀 학생들은 햇빛 노출시간이 안건강에 영향을 미치는 것을 확인하였으며 건성 안증후군 환자인 경우 결막염과 익상편 발생빈도와 관련이 있었다. 필리핀 학생들의 안건강에 영향을 주는 햇빛 노출시간외에 다른 위험요인들에 대해 후속 연구가 필요하다.

우리나라의 노동조합 가입률이 장기간 정체되어 있는 상황에서 노조가입의도에 영향을 미치는 변수들 을 살펴봄으로써 향후 노동조합 활동에 대한 시사점을 도출해 보고자 하였다. 한국노동패널 5개년 조사자 료(제 13차∼제17차)를 활용하여 분석한 결과, 노조도구성 인식은 노조가입의도에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 반면, 직무만족은 노조가입의도와 부(-)의 관계에 있었다. 통제변수에 포함된 학력, 연 령 등의 변수도 노조가입의도에 영향을 미침을 알 수 있었다. 학력의 경우 대졸 이상 학력을 가진 근로자 의 노조가입의도가 고졸이하 학력을 가진 근로자에 비해 낮았다. 연령과 관련하여서는 50대 이상의 근로 자들의 노조가입의도가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 노동조합에서는 정책 수립 등 제반 활동 과정에서 노조도구성에 대한 인식이 노조가입의도에 영향을 미친다는 점을 고려함으로써 노조가입률을 제고할 수 있을 것이다. 직무만족도가 높을수록 노조가입의도가 낮아진다는 것은 사용자 측에 주는 시사점이 크다. 직무만족도를 높일 수 있는 일련의 조치들이 노사 관계 전략의 일환으로 사용될 수 있음을 실증적으로 보여 준 것이라 할 수 있겠다. 본 연구는 다양한 형태의 비정규직을 하나의 동질적인 집단으로 분석함으로써 서로 다른 이질적인 비 정규직의 서로 다른 영향의 가능성을 파악하지 못하였다는 한계가 있다. 이러한 점은 향후 연구에서 개선 되어야 할 점이다. 또한 향후 노조가입의도가 실제 행동으로 이어지게 하는 다른 영향요인들에 대해서 추가적인 연구가 필요하다.