Yang Shen (1488-1559) was born in Si Chuan Xin Dou. 《Ming Shi》 said that Yang Shen is the most famous for the extensive memorization and abundant writings. Yang Shen also contributed to the philology researches. According to Wang Wen Cai’s 《Yang Shen Xue Pu》, Yang Shen had many kinds of writings, such as 《Shuo Wen Xian Xun》, 《Liu Shu Lian Zheng》, 《Liu Shu Bo Zheng》 etc., but most of them are disappeared. 《Liu Shu Suo Yin》was thought that it’s disappeared, it can be found in the library of RENMIN UNIVERSITY of CHINA. It was included in 《Si Ku Quan Shu Cun Mu Cong Shu》. From Yang Shen’s 《Liu Shu Suo Yin-Introduction》, we knows that Yang Shen was based on abundant philology researches to appear his research system. Yang Shen had different academic judgements for each text researchers’s theories to appear Yang Shen’s conceptions of “Zhuan Zhu Gu Yin”. 《Qin Ding Si Ku Quan Shu Zong Mu》 was based on the the text textual content to comment Yang Shen’s 《Liu Shu Suo Yin》 negative. We can discuss the comment is appropriate or not? 《Liu Shu Suo Yin》 is distinguished into rhyme, so it had its own system. These researches are related to Yang Shen’s other research works in Xiao Xue. In philology researches, we can investigate Yang Shen’s contribution to philology researches with 《Liu Shu Suo Yin》 to clarify and analyze.

This study was aimed to investigate the elevational and seasonal variation of moth diversity of Mt. Baegun-san, Gwangyang-city, Jeonnam. Moth collecting was carried out using a UV light trap at three different elevational sites from September to October 2014 and from April to October 2015 (9 times) except winter. A total of 288 moth species and 1,444 individuals in 15 families were identified. Geometridae (97 species and 740 individuals) were the most dominant in the numbers of species and individuals, followed by Noctuidae (62 species, 193 individuals), Erebidae (52 species, 177 individuals) and Notodontidae (16 species, 111 individuals). Elevational change showed that the lower elevation, the higher number of species and individuals. Seasonal change of numbers of species and individuals showed the M-shaped pattern with June and August peaks. Compared to the previous records from historical literatures, 197 species were newly added and the total moth species richness of Mt. Baegun-san comprised 449 species in 20 families. The Chao 2 estimated number of species using the observed species including unpublished data set was 1,530 species that comprised about 43% of the Korean Lepidopteran fauna. This large number of estimated species requested the more extensive and long-term survey for better understanding of the total moth fauna in this area.

Animation industry is one of several sections of cultural industry, the major growth industry in china. This study is to analyze the characteristics of development of Chinese animation industry in two categories of governmental policy and economy. First, development of animation industry is characterized by the governmental policy. Chinese animation industry is currently experiencing a rapid developmentbased on the various policies and support. On the statement of ‘Plans for Promotion of Chinese Film & Animation Industry’ by State Administration of Radio, Film, and Television (SARFT) in 2004, governmental support on the section has begun. Starting in 2006, China’s 11th five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development (FYP) has enhanced the development of the animation industry. With governmental support, Chinese animation industry has been broadening its boundaries through development of new cultural contents. Second, in economic aspect, derivative products have been developed by the progress ofthe animation industry. Governmental support has brought an industrial conversion focused on Research & Development and Creation, and income increase has resulted in an increased spending on culture. Those changes have led to the development of derivative industries such as animated film, accessory, animated publication industries. Success of the animations has promoted development of the derivative products and enlarged the market size. As a higher value-added business with these huge economic impacts, Chinese animation industry will continue its growth.

This study was conducted to determine the impact of smoke-free regulations on the environment in personal computer(PC) rooms by measuring indoor levels of particulate matter smaller than 2.5 μm(PM2.5) before and after the implementation of the regulations. PM2.5 concentrations of 34 PC rooms in Seoul were measured before and after the regulations took effect. A real-time monitor was used to measure PM2.5 concentrations. A field technician recorded the characteristics of PC rooms including indoor volume, number of floors, and the presence of a smoking room and counted the number of burning cigarettes, cigarette butts, vents, and patrons. While outdoor PM2.5 concentrations and the number of patrons were not changed, indoor PM2.5 concentrations, the number of burning cigarettes and cigarette butts in PC rooms were significantly decreased after the regulations were implemented (p < 0.001). Geometric mean(GM) of indoor PM2.5 concentrations in the PC rooms was 139.6 μg/m3 before the regulations took effect and 55.7 μg/m3 after the regulations implemented. After the regulations, smokers were observed in 11 of the 34 PC rooms in which PM2.5 concentrations were not significantly decreased(p = 0.18). When smokers were not observed after the regulations, the GM of indoor PM2.5 concentrations was 37.2 μg/m3. Although PM2.5 concentrations in some PC rooms were decreased after the regulation, higher PM2.5 concentrations were observed in PC rooms with smokers. As such, compliance with the smoke-free regulations should be strictly ensured to achieve a better indoor air quality.

공급망관리(SCM)적인 측면에서 보면 가치나 이익의 총량은 같으나 서로의 역할과 능력, 기능에 따라 그 비율이 달라진다. 건전한 공급망체인은 지속적으로 발전 및 유 지가능할 때 성장을 한다. 제조업의 경쟁력은 원가경쟁력, 품질경쟁력, 속도경쟁력과 유연한 생산경쟁력, 건전한 거래 등에 의해 존재한다. 이외에도 연구개발과 기업거래 의 윤리의식과 가치관 등도 중요한 요인이라고 할 수 있다. 제조업의 경우에 자재 및 부품구입을 공급업체 및 협력업체 등으로부터 일반적으로 50%이상을 구입하고 있어 공급업체의 원가경쟁력도 중요하다. 그러나 전체를 하나의 시스템이라고 볼 때 가치 및 이익지대가 수반이 되지 않는 제품군을 가진 공급망은 유행이나 추세가 끝났을 때 어려움에 봉착하게 된다. 우리나라 제조업에는 여러 산업분야에서 아직 기회가 있다. 부족한 부분을 인식하고 기업 간에 서로의 입장에서 건전하고 상호발전적인 거래를 통하여 협조하고 협력을 한다면 새로운 많은 기회를 맞을 수 있을 것이다. 본 연구에서는 제조업을 중심으로 하여 우리기업의 발전과 경쟁력 강화방안을 찾는 데 있다. 그리고 국민들이 행복하고 보편적인 삶의 질이 개선된 일류국가로 도약할 수 있는 방법을 제시하는 데 있다.

2014년 현재보은지역의 대추과원에 유리나방 피해가 발생되고 있어 피해 현황 을 조사하였다. 유리나방(Lepidoptera: Sesiidae)의 유충은 대추나무의 줄기 속에 침입하여 형성 층을 섭식하며 피해를 발생 시키는데 소수의 유충만으로도 가지를 부러뜨릴 수 있 어 유리나방의 발생수가 많지 않더라도 많은 피해를 받을 수 있으며 유충 시기 대부 분을 줄기 속에서 보내므로 다른 해충에 비하여 방제에 많은 노력을 기울여야 하는 해충이다 본 연구에서는 성 페로몬트랩을 이용하여 복숭아유리나방(Synanthedon bicingulata)과 사과유리나방(S. haitangvora)의 발생 정도를 보은군 11개면 28개 농가에서 4월 중순부터 9월 하순까지 15 ~ 20일 간격으로 조사를 실시하였다. 그 결과 복숭아유리나방의 발생은 5월 초순부터 시작되어 9월 중순 발생 개체수 는 농가 당 평균 22.5개체이고 7월 하순의 발생 개체수는 16.6개체로서 2회에 걸쳐 발생 최성기가 관찰 되었다. 사과유리나방의 경우 복숭아유리나방과 달리 발생량이 많지 않았다. 5월 하순 에 발생이 시작되어 7월 초순과 9월 중순에 각각 농가 당 평균 1.7 및 1.6개체로 많 은 피해를 주고 있지 않으나 향후 발생양상이 달라 질 수 있으므로 지속적 관리가 필요 할 것으로 생각된다.

감자뿔나방살이자루맵시벌(Diadegma fenestrale, 벌목>맵시벌과>자루맵시벌 아과)은 감자뿔나방(Phthorimaea operculella), 배추좀나방(Plutella xylostella) 등 의 유충 내부기생성 천적으로서, 국내에서는 2009년 제주도 대정읍의 감자밭에서 처음 채집, 보고된 기생봉이다. 이 천적 기생봉을 실내사육하면서 사육조건에 따라 감자뿔나방 유충에 대한 기생률 및 암수 출현율이 각각 다른 양상을 보였다. 설탕 10% 용액과 물을 각각 급여한 기생봉에 감자뿔나방 유충 20마리를 각각 노출시킨 결과, 설탕액 급여구에서 평균 6.6마리의 기생봉이 발생하여 물 급여구 3.8마리, 무 급여구 3.6마리보다 많았다. 천적 기생봉 및 감자뿔나방 성충으로 출현하지 못하고 유충 상태에서 치사한 개체수는 무급여 8±2.1, 물급여 6.4±1.9, 설탕급여 7.4±1.3 마리였다. 따라서 기생봉 출현수와 유충 치사수를 합산한 실질적 천적 방제효과는 설탕 > 무 > 물 급여구 순으로 나타났다. 부화 7일차 감자뿔나방 유충을 기생봉에 24 시간 노출시킨 후 10, 15, 20, 25, 3 0℃ 생육상에 넣고 기생봉 성충이 출현하는 기간을 조사하였다. 모든 온도 조건에 서 기생봉 암컷의 우화기간은 수컷보다 길었다. 고온 조건에서 감자뿔나방의 우화 기간은 상대적으로 기생봉보다 짧았다. 즉 온도가 상승할수록 감자뿔나방 성충이 기생봉 성충보다 먼저 출현하였는데, 이는 생물적 방제 측면에서 감자뿔나방이 먼 저 출현하여 기주식물에 산란하는 것이 천적의 기생활동에 유리하게 작용할 것으 로 생각된다.

As a macroscopic research for the interface of MMORPG(Massive Multiplayer Online Role Playing Game) in Korea, I have analyzed the introduction background & mutual characteristic of each interface according to the development shifts of MMORPG. The MMORPG of Korea, in the mid-1990s, was started while taking a foreign MUD (Multi User Dungeon) games, which used 'Text Interface' based on the keyboard. When Information and communication infrastructure was expanded in earnest in the late 1990s, Computer games interface was rapidly changed to GUI(Graphic User Interface) based on 2D graphic from text-based UI. So, Games of this period used the 'Point & Click Interface' that uses the mouse only to move character and carry out combat. Since graphic technology was changed to 3D in the middle of 2000's, The interface of MMOGPG for three-dimensional representation was naturally changed to 'keyboard control Interface' which used both mouse and keyboard. Recently, 'Action Control Interface' that was hardly used to MMORPG was appeared due to progress of game programming technology. And 'Diversity of play pattern' & 'Non-targeting' are attributes of 'Action Control Interface', which is differentiated with other interfaces.

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of 10-week dietary education on elementary students in an after-school program in Seoul. Participants were 20 1-2 grade students and 283-6 grade students, and the dietary program consisted of dietary education and activities focused on children’s levels of understanding. The results were as follows: Total participant’s food habit scores and nutrition knowledge significantly increased (p<0.05) after dietary education. Food habit and nutrition knowledge scores of lower grade participants (grade) increased desirably (p<0.05). Meanwhile higher grade participants’ (grade) food habit scores also changed (p<0.05), but their nutrition knowledge scores were changed. Boy’s food habit scores significantly changed (p<0.05), whereas girl’s food habit scores did not change significantly. Further, female participants’ nutrition knowledge scores did not changesignificantly after education. Participants’ obesity knowledge scores significantly changed after the education (p<0.05), but their attitudes on obesity increased insignificantly. Lower grade participants’ attitudes on obesity significantly and desirably changed (p<0.05), whereas higher grade participants’ attitudes on obesity changed insignificantly. Girl’s knowledge and attitudes on obesity significantly and desirably changed (p<0.05-0.01). This study revealed the correlation between food habit scores and attitudes on obesity (p<0.01), demonstrating that participants with high food habit scores have advisable attitudes on obesity. The result of this study shows that lower grade participants’ food habit scores, nutrition knowledge, and attitudes on obesity changed desirably after dietary education. Therefore, this study promote the development of adequate nutrition education and materials focused on lower grade students and the need for systematic and continuous dietary education programs based on elementary school.

2012년도 보은지역 대추과원의 유리나방 발생 조사 결과 복숭아유리나방과 사 과유리나방이 대추나무에 피해를 주며 이 중 발생밀도를 봤을 때 주를 이루는 것은 복숭아유리나방으로 확인되었다. 대추과원에서 사과유리나방의 발생이 복숭아유 리나방에 비해 상대적으로 훨씬 적지만 앞으로의 기상 및 생태조건에 따라 발생 및 밀도의 변화를 누구나 예측할 수 없기 때문에 사과유리나방에 대한 발생현황 조사 를 2013년도에 수행하였다. 2013년도 보은지역 대추과원의 사과유리나방 발생조사도 복숭아유리나방 발 생조사와 마찬가지로 성충 최초 발생일과 정확한 발생밀도를 알아보기 위해 10개 면 30지점으로 조사지점을 확대하였고 페로몬트랩 설치 시기도 3월 하순경으로 앞 당겨 15 ~ 20일 간격으로 조사하였다. 조사결과 보은지역 대추과원의 사과유리나방 성충 최초 발생시기는 복숭아유 리나방 발생시기와 같은 5월 중순경이었으며 이 시점을 시작으로 6월 초순까지 계 속해서 증가하다 6월 중순에는 감소하고 다시 7월 초순까지 증가하였으며 그 이후 9월 초순까지 감소하였다. 최다 발생시기는 평균 1.2마리로 6월 초순과 7월초순경 이었다. 2013년도 사과유리나방 발생 조사 결과는 2012년도와 다른 양상을 보여주었는 데 그 이유는 조사시기와 조사지점의 수에 따른 차이라 생각된다. 또한 사과유리나 방 발생은 조사한 대추농가 전부에서 발생된 복숭아유리나방과는 다르게 발생이 되지 않은 농가들이 있는 것으로 확인되었다. 현재까지 조사결과로부터 아직까지 사과유리나방 발생 및 발생밀도가 보은지 역 전체에 영향을 미치지는 않지만 향후 발생이 확대될 수 있는 가능성이 크기 때문 에 지속적인 발생조사와 생태 및 생활사에 대한 연구가 이뤄져야 한다고 생각한다.

This study is to analyze the condition and level of students satisfaction on after-school programs related with entering College of Physical Education performed in high schools, where after-school programs are not vitalized when compared with vitalized pr

The objective of this study was to provide basic data that is necessary for teachers to guide students by presenting an efficient operational direction of after-school physical activities that could satisfy both teachers and students through an accurate i