The p16 gene encodes an inhibitor of the cyclin-dependent kinase, which inactivates cyclin-dependent kinase and contro1s the cell cycle progression, The 10ss of p16 expression or overexpression has been reported in many kinds of tumors, Both p16 and PCNA regu1ates cell cycle progression at the Gl/8 checkpoint, Although many researches about the p16 expression in ora1 cancer have been carried out, there are few studies about the corre1ation between p16 ex pression and pro1iferation of ora1 cancer cells The object of this study was to eva1uate the avai1ability of p16 as ear1y diagnostic factor and prognostic factor through corre1atión ana1ysis of p16 expression in ora1 squamous cell carcinoma and its re1ation to PCNA index and clinicopatho1ogic factors 80 we investigated p16 immunohistochemica1 expression of 83 ora1 squmaous cell carcinomas, and obtained the resu1ts as followed, 18 out of the 83 cases(21, 69%) showed p16 positive and 65 samp1es(78,31%) showed p16 negative, Whi1e the mean va1ue of PCNA indices of p16 positive cases was 65,94 ::t 18,32, that of PCNA indices at p16 negati ve ones 54,79 ::t 18, 39, This difference between them showed statistica1 sígnificance, (P=O, 030) p16 positive group was 12/60(20, 0%) of well differentiated tumors and p16 negative group was 6/23(16, 1%) of moderate1y or poor1y differentiated tumors, This difference did not show statistica1 significance. (P=O. 372) From the resu1ts above, it was suggested p16 expression is re1ated to PCNA index in ora1 squamous cell carcinomas.

효율적인 포장의 관리를 위해서 포장상태를 객관적으로 평가하는 포장평가지수의 사용은 필수적이다. 현재 사용되고 있는 PSI, MCI, UPCI는 사용자나 관리자의 입장만을 각각 고려하여 종합적인 포장평가지수의 역할을 못하고 있는 실정이다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 기존 평가지수들의 문제점을 파악하고 이를 개선한 새로운 포장평가지수를 개발하였다. 또한 개발된 평가지수로 실제 포장자료를 이용하여 포장재료의 성질에 따른 지수의 민감도 분석을 실시하였다. 표층두께, 아스팔트점도, 아스팔트함량의 순서로 포장평가지수에 영향을 주었다.

Process capability indices are widely used in industries and quality assurance system. When designing the parameter on the multiple quality characteristics, there has been a study for optimization of problems, but there has been few former study on the possible conflicting phenomena in considertion of the correlations among the characteristics. To solve the issue on the optimal design for multiple quality characteristics, the study propose the expected loss function with cross-product terms among the characteristics and derived range of the coefficients of terms. Therefore, the analysis have to be required a multivariate statistical technique. This paper introduces to multivariate capability indices and then selects a multivariate process capability index incorporated both the process variation and the process deviation from target among these indices under the multivariate normal distribution. We propose a new multivariate capability index MCpm using quality loss function instead of the process variation and this index is compared with the proposed indices when quality characteristics are independent and dependent of each other.

본 논문은 2003년 3월부터 10월까지 광주광역시 도심 대규모 하천에서 선택한 총 14개 조사 지역에서 귀화식 물과 도시화지수를 분석하였다. 조사 결과 전체 식물상은 76과 211속 273종 35변종 1품종으로 총 309종류가 확인되었다. 그 중 귀화식물은 14과 36속 44종 2변종으로 총 46종류가 확인되었다. 광주천에서는 미국개기장, 소리쟁이, 흰명아주, 토끼풀, 큰개불알풀, 돼지풀, 비짜루국화, 미국가막살이 및 서양민들레로 총 9종이 우점하였고, 황룡강에서는 소리쟁이, 토끼풀, 달맞이꽃, 돼지풀 및 망초로 총 5종이 우점하였다. 그리고 영산강에 분포하는 우점종은 광주천과 황룡강 우점종 이외에도 물참새피, 좀명아주, 다닥냉이, 개망초 및 도꼬마리 등이 나타나 총 16종이었다. 광주시 도심 하천의 평균 도시화지수는 17.2%, 귀화율은 14.9%로 확인되었다. 원산지는 유럽과 북아메리카가 각각 16종으로 가장 많았다. 도시화지수나 귀화율 같은 환경지수가 높은 도시 하천이나 둔치가 귀화식물센터 중 중요한 하나로 사료되었다.

자연생태계의 보전을 위한 지역구분을 위하여 백두대간(남덕유산-소사고개) 구간을 조사한 식생조사 자료를 바탕으로 식생의 보전가치를 식생지수라는 것으로 수치화 하는 방법을 제시해 보고자 한다. 식생지수는 생물다양성, 임분의 보전가치, 환경의 청정성, 임분의 역사성, 입지의 생산성 등을 바탕으로 수치화 하였다. 식생지수는 백두대간 관리범위 설정에 이용될 수 있을 것이라 사료된다. 식생지수 I의 경우 총 66개의 조사지 중에서 8개 지역 12.1%가 핵심지역에 속하고, 21개 지역 31.8%, 37개 지역 56.1%가 각각 완충지역과 전이지역에 속하는 것으로 나타났다. 식생지수II의 경우 28개 지역 41.9%가 핵심지역에 속하고, 19개 지역 28.8%, 19개 지역 28.8%가 각각 완충지역과 전이지역에 속하는 것으로 나타났다.

종자피복에 많이 사용되고 있는 접착제인 CFclear(CF), arabic gum(AG), cethylmethyl cellulose(UC), polyvinyl alcohol(PVA), polyvinyl pyrrolidone(PVP), hydroxy propyl cellulose(HPC), methyl cellulose(MC)와 고형물질로 bentonite(B), kaolin(K), calcium carbonate(CC), peatmoss(PM), tal

Need safety diagnostic indicator pointer that is objective as estimation basis to be scientific and manages systematically safety existing condition and level for city gas facilities. Safety diagnostic indicator pointer can divide by greatly two. One is management (Software) side that one that differ with mechanical (Hardware) side that handle laying stress on equipment connected with safety manages organization and management connected with safety. Weight appropriates according to specific gravity that relevant element occupies in facilities. To give so big value in particular element in grant of weight pays attention because break balance of whole guideline and should gives. Finally, efficient safety net may see effect before self-regulation inside by minimum target establishment by government and legal, systematic countermeasure establishment for this, strict law application and each business proprietor and though activity and user's active safety activity forms harmony properly.

The factors of obesity related with food habits were assessed to provide information for nutrition education database. The subjects in this study were 234 primary school children in Busan. Children were classified into normal and obese groups(mildly obese, moderately obese and severely obese) by obesity index. In self-recognition of body image, only 28.6% of MI group considered themselves as 'overweight or obese'. 87.2% of the subjects controlled their weight method with exercise. With regard to meal speed, 64.5% of the subjects ate fast(≤15 min.). The study also found that 79.8% of the subjects ate breakfast, 56.4% of the subjects them were moderate by obese, 40.8% of the subjects ate snacks after dinner. Eating speed, meal volume and snacks money per day were significantly different in obesity. Preference for eating out was Korean Chinese, Western and Japanese food, in order. Favorite food for snack, such as ddukbokki, fruits, milk. fried foods and candy and caramel were significantly different in obesity(p〈0.05). However hamberger, pizza and chocolate were not significantly different in obesity. The most preference snack for all the subjects were fruits and ice cream. In food preference, potato, dduk, meats, fishes, cheese, milk, ice cream were significantly different in obesity. The distasteful food for subjects were patbab, vegetables, shellfishes and salt-fermented foods. From above results, obesity of children was related to meal speed, meal volume and snacks motley per day. Therefore, these results suggest that continuous and practical nutrition education to change food habits art necessary to avoid child obesity.

Orchardgrass 및 white clover의 단파 및 혼파재배조건에서 미량요소 Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Mo 및 B의 조합시비가 목초의 생육, 개화, 수량, 양분 함량 및 식생구성비율 등에 미치는 영향을 구명하였다. 다량료소 양분을 동일 량 시비한 조건에서 7 수준의 미량요소 조합시비는 T; 대조구, T; Fe, T; Fe+Mn, T； Fe＋Mn＋Cu, T; Fe+Mn+Cu＋Zn, T；Fe+Mn+Cu＋Zn+Mo 및 T； Fe+Mn+Cu+Zn+

본 연구는 상지운동 동안에 복부에 적용된 압력이 요부와 복부의 근피로도에 미치는 영향을 알아보았다. 연구대상자는 성인 남자 5명이었다. 연구대상자가 10 repetitions maximun (RM) 무게의 아령을 이용하여 1분 동안 상지운동을 수행 시 0 mmHg, 저압(30 mmHg), 중압(70 mmHg), 고압(100 mmHg)의 외부 압력이 복부에 적용되었고, 복직근, 외복사근, 내복사근, 척추기립근에서 근전도 자료가 수집되었다. 주파수 분석을

Process capability indices, Cp, Cpk, Cpm, and Cpmk can be used to evaluate single quality characteristic. Recently, many of the multivariate capability indices have been developed to assess a part which has several correlated quality characteristics. Principal component analysis(PCA) can transform the correlated quality characteristics into the newly independent factors. The existing formula calculates the Mutivariate Process Capability Index using the geometrical average. But, the result value notably differs from the number of principle component. In this paper, We proposed a new multivariate capability using PCA & RSS.

Since transmitting various files around Internet is one of common activities in everyday life, the compression is important technical issue in these days. Shape models are also frequently transmitted and therefore its compression has also been studied. Considering the large portion of shape model can be normal vectors, a new scheme was recently presented to compress normal vectors using clustering and mixed indexing scheme. Presented in this paper is a mathematical investigation of the scheme to analyze the probability distribution of normal index distances in Normal Index array which is critical for the compression. The probability distribution is formulated so that the values can be easily calculated once the relative probabilities of C, R, E, S, and L op-codes in Edgebreaker are known. It can be shown that the distribution of index distances can be easily transformed into a few measures for the compression performance of the proposed algorithm.

Objective : The purpose of the present study was to compare the Spinal Cord Independence MeasureⅡ (SCIMⅡ) and the Modified Barthel Index (MBI) to determine the evaluation tool in order to use the tool as an effective index for following these patients for functional changes and determining treatment and rehabilitation outcomes.Method : The present study was conducted with 20 patients who underwent there first time rehabilitation care at A hospital from December 2002 to April 2003. The patients were evaluated at a 2-week interval using the SCIMⅡ and the MBI.Collected data analysis were completed by using Total agreement and Kappa coefficient of agreement, McNemar test, t-test, Correlation analysis, and Wilcoxon rank sum test. Results : The following results were obtained from this study.1.A high correlation was seen in the results of evaluation made by two raters in the SCIMⅡ, showing high interrater reliability(r=0.99, p<0.01).2.When functional changes were compared, more changes in the common items including management in bladder sphincter muscle(p<0.01), toileting(p<0.05), and bathing(p<0.05) were seen in the SCIMⅡ compared with the MBI. Furthermore, among the non-common items in the SCIMⅡ, significant changes were estimated in breathing, prevention of bed sores and bed mobility, and outdoor movement, the SCIMⅡ well reflecting major func-tional changes in patients with spinal cord lesion.3.When the scores of the SCIMⅡ and the MBI were compared at the time of admission and discharge, significant correlation was revealed between the two evaluation tools. However, the SCIMⅡ admission scores were significantly higher than the MBI admission scores in patients with quadriplegia (p<0.05), due to the effects of non-common items such as breathing, prevention of bed sores, and bed mobility.4.When these tools were compared according to muscle strength change, the SCIMⅡ com-pared with the MBI well reflected upper extremity motor score and the ASIA motor score in patients with complete and incomplete quadriplegia(p<0.05), and lower extremity motor score in patients with incomplete spinal cord lesion(p<0.05).Conclusions : These results indicated that the SCIMⅡ is more sensitive compared with the MBI as a tool for functional evaluation in patients with spinal cord lesion, suggesting that the SCIMⅡ would be used to examine functional changes in patients with spinal cord lesion and to effectively follow-up patients for rehabilitation treatment outcome.

Orchardgrass 및 white clover의 단파 및 혼파재배에서 미량요소 붕소(B)의 시비수준별 목초의 가시적 생육상, 뿌리/근류 형성, 수량성, 영양성분/무기양분 및 초종간 경합지수 등에 미치는 영향을 구명하였다. 처리내용은 다양 및 미량요소 시비를 동일하게 한 조건에서 5 수준의 붕소 처리: 1) ; 0.0, 2) ; 0.2, 3); 2.0. 4) ; 6.0, 5) ; 15.0me B/pot로 하였으며, glasshouse에서 pot시험으로

As we understand it, Process Capability indices are intended to provide single-number assessments of ability to meet specification limits on quality characteristics of interest. As a consequence of the varied ways in which PCIs are used, there have been two natural lines of research work: ① studies on the properties of PCIs and their estimators in many different environments; ② construction of new PCIs purporting to have better properties in certain circumstances. The most of existing process capability indices are concerned with the single variable. But, in many cases, a quality characteristic is composed with several factors. In that case, we want to know the integrated process capability of a quality characteristic not those of each factor. In this paper, we proposed a new multivariate system process capability index called MSPCI:SCpsk which is the geometric mean of performance measure Cpsk'S, and will be used as the criterion to assess multiple response process designs. Numerical illustration is done for SCpsk, Cp(f), Cp, Cpk, Cpm, and Cpsk.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors influencing body mass index of 618 university students located in the Gwangju area, from Nov. 20th to 30th, 2002. The subjects included 301 males(48.7%) and 317 females(51.3%). This survey was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire. The percentage of students who were underweight, normal and overweight based on their body mass index(BMI) was 3.7, 88.0 and 8.3 for the males, and 29, 71 and 0 for the females, respectively. Most students (73.8%) skipped breakfast. This was because of lack of time(65.1%) of the cases. Self-reported eating habit problems were eating irregular meal(52.4%), overeating(21%), prejudiced meal(12.4%) and skipping meal(7.4%). The type of favorite snack was biscuit(31.9%) and cup Ramyon(31.9%). The type of favorite beverage was juice(23.3%). The coffee intake was higher in males compared to females. The rates of alcohol drinking in male and female students were 88.0% and 85.8% respectively, and the rates of smoking were 35.9% and 2.8% respectively. Percentages of weight control experience were 30.2 and 51.4 in the male and female, respectively. The BMI of students living in home and eating breakfast was higher than that of the other students. The BMI of students eating cup Ramyon and water increased. The BMI of students taking regular exercise and weight control tended to be higher than that of subjects not doing so. When the amount of pocket money available and the rates of coffee intake, alchol drinking and smoking increased, the BMI was increased. Therefore, nutritional education for university students is needed so as to improve their health and to modify life habits and nutritional education program should be developed to meet the various needs of these students.