In this study, flow characteristic of small vertical-axis wind turbine was performed to analysis the numerical analysis. Blade geometry in the wind turbine is NACA 6512-43, and various degrees of the wind turbine accelerator were adopted. Numerical models are used for the analysis with CFD program of Ansys fluent and RNG k-e turbulence model was used. Rotational speed value of the wind turbine in analysis condition were obtained by the experiment. When the wind turbine accelerator is equipped, exit velocity of wind turbine accelerator tended to increases. Also RPM of wind turbine is increase. And maximum RPM appeared that wind turbine accelerator in degree 60° is equipped.

The common octopus, which has a high growth rate and high market price, is a prime candidate for commercial marine aquaculture operations. We evaluated the effectiveness of two types of shelters (pipe and tire types) for juvenile common octopus growing out in flow-through seawater tanks. Growth rates were evaluated in two experiments. The first experiment (Experiment 1) ran for 72 days, and the second (Experiment 2; replicated) ran for 46 days. Each trial included 40 octopuses fed a diet of frozen sardine (Sardinops melanostictus) and swimming crab (Portunustri tuberculatus) at 3–8% of body weight once every 3 days. In the two experiments, the respective specific growth rates were 0.3 and 0.04%/day in pipe-type shelters and 0.00 and 0.88%/day in tire-type shelters, while the respective percentage survivals were 80 and 80% in pipe-type shelters and 70 and 90% in tire-type shelters. Shelter type had little influence on the growth rate (P < 0.05).

개발도상국에 대한 선발국가 기업들의 해외투자는 더 이상 놀랄만한 일이 아니다. 그럼에도 불구하고 투자대상 국인 개발도상국의 낮은 기술혁신역량으로 인해 현지자회사에서의 기술혁신활동은 큰 주목을 받지 못하고 있다. 하지만 기술역량에 대한 기존관점에서 벗어나 개발도상국에 설치된 자회사를 살펴본다면, 이들은 기술혁신활동의 원천으로서 충분한 잠재력을 가지고 있다. 본 연구는 이 점에 주목하여 개발도상국 자회사에서 선발국 모기업으 로의 역진적 지식이전 유형에 관한 명제를 도출하고자 한다. 이와 같은 연구목표는 기존문헌에서 논의했던 기술 혁신활동의 유형구분과 개발도상국 혁신환경을 종합하여 새로운 연구 프레임을 도출한 후, 2차 자료와 특허자료 를 이용해 발굴한 세 가지 개발도상국 자회사 사례를 적용함으로써 달성할 수 있었다. 여기서 도출된 네 가지 명 제는 개발도상국을 저임금 노동시장이 아니라 기술혁신과 글로벌 분업체계를 위한 파트너로 새롭게 평가하는데 도움을 줄 것이다.

Impaired respiratory function is common in patients with stroke. The purpose of this study were to investigate the effectiveness of exercises and to assess forced vital capacity and peak cough flow after completion of neck stabilizing and respiratory reeducation exercises (combining diaphragmatic breathing and pursed-lip breathing exercises). The 45 participants were randomly assigned to an experimental group 1 (n1=15), experimental group 2 (n2=15), and a control group (n3=15). All subjects performed conservative physical therapy for 30 minutes. Experimental group 1 undertook the neck stabilizing exercise and the respiratory reeducation exercise. Experimental group 2 undertook the respiratory reeducation exercise. Additional exercise did not exceed 30 minutes, five times a week for six weeks. The subjects were assessed for deep neck flexor thickness and breathing function (forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume at one second, forced expiratory volume at one second/forced vital capacity, peak expiratory flow, and manual assisted peak cough flow) at pre-post value. The results of this study were as follows. Experimental group 1 showed a significant increase only in deep neck flexor thickness change rate (p<.05). All groups showed significant increases in forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume at one second, and peak expiratory flow in pre-post measurement (p<.05). Experimental groups 1 and 2 showed an increase in manual assisted peak cough flow in pre-post measurement (p<.05). There was no significant difference between experimental group 1 and experimental group 2, but experimental group 1 improved more than experimental group 2 in respiratory function as a whole. In conclusion, these findings suggest that the neck stabilizing exercise in combination with the respiratory reeducation exercise can improve forced vital capacity and peak cough flow in patients with stroke.

본 연구에서는 길이가 다른 장방형 실린더 사이에서 발생하는 제트류가 후류에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위해 회류수조에서 PIV기법을 사용하여 실험을 실시하였다. 장방형 실린더의 높이(h)와 실린더 사이의 간격(gap)은 10mm이며 폭(B)은 300mm로 하였다. 유동방향의 모델의 길이(L)는 30mm, 60mm, 90mm 및 120mm를 각각 적용하였으며, 모델의 높이(H=30mm)를 기준으로 길이의 비가 1, 2, 3,및 4이다. 유입유동은 조류의 수심에 따른 차이를 감안하여 모델의 높이(H)를 기준으로 Re=1.4×104, Re=2.0×104, Re=2.9×104를 각각 적용하였으며. 유동계측을 위한 영역은 실린더 후방으로 모델 높이의 5배까지 설정하였다. 실험결과 유속이 증가함에 따라 와의 크기가 후류영역으로 증가하며, 근접 후류에서는 장방형 구조물일수록 관통류의 속도성분이 증가하는 특성을 나타냈다. 또한 후류로 갈수록 속도결손은 유입유동이 증가할수록 종횡비가 작은 경우에 크게 나타났다.

To perform long-term sewer monitoring, It is important to understand the nature of the wastewater flow that occurs at the point on early stage of the monitor and to prevent in advance a problem which may caused. We can infer the flow properties and external factors by analyzing the scatter graph obtained from the measured data flow rate monitoring data since an field external factor affecting the sewage flow is reflected in the flow rate monitoring data. In this study, Selecting the three points having various external factors, and we Inferred the sewer flow characteristics from depth-velocity scatter graph and determined the analysis equation for the dry-weather flow rate data. At the‘point 1’expected non-pressure flow, we were able to see the drawdown effect caused by the free fall in the manhole section. At the‘point 2’, existed weir and sediments, there was backwater effect caused by them, and each of size calculated from the scatter graph analysis were 400 mm and 130 mm. At the‘Point 3’, there is specific flow pattern that is coming from flood wave propagation generated by the pump station at upstream. In common, adequate equations to explain the dry weather flow data are flume equation and modified manning equation(SS method), and the equations had compatibility for explaining the data because all of R2 values are over 0.95.

Lot-streaming is the process of splitting a job (lot) into sublots to allow the overlapping of operations between successive machines in a multi-stage production system. A new genetic algorithm (NGA) is proposed for an n-job, m-machine, lot-streaming flow shop scheduling problem with equal-size sublots in which the objective is to minimize the total stretch. The stretch of a job is the ratio of the amount of time the job spent before its completion to its processing time. NGA replaces the selection and mating operators of genetic algorithms (GAs) by marriage and pregnancy operators and incorporates the idea of inter- chromosomal dominance and individuals’ similarities. Extensive computational experiments for medium to large-scale lot-streaming flow-shop scheduling problems have been conducted to compare the performance of NGA with that of GA.

In this paper, we have studied about the Energy Storage System (ESS) for renewable energy such as wind and solar energy by using Battery Energy Storage System (BESS). The BESS, by using Li-Ion battery, takes the advantage of high energy density. The ESS is composed of a large number of the battery. It is necessary to stabilize the temperature of the battery in order to improve the performance of the ESS. To improve the performance of ESS, Using as a program to analysis the container internal flow and heat distribution. The use of the battery to the stable and suggest in the initial battery array design of the heat concentration phenomenon in the battery array

In this study, we have modeled a subsonic diffuser with rectangular prism and tried to investigate the influence of a turbulent wake flow by numerical simulation using computational fluid dynamics based on steady-state Navier-Stokes equation and standard k-ε model. A commercial CFD program, FLUENT, is used on the analysis. The turbulent wake is generated by a rectangular prism, which is installed at the diffuser. Flow Uniformity Showed the best results in the case of AR=1:1 and tended to be uniform in the critical point at Re=8.8×103

In this study, the ventilation of duct is simulated by CFD and thermal changes on the seat surface are measured experimentally. These models are the improved duct and the existing one installed at the real seat in order to test the thermal change 1 minute later. The seat with the existing duct has the temperatures of 26℃ and 25℃ on lumber and femoral parts respectively. However, the seat with the improved duct has the temperature of 1℃ lower than the seat with the existing duct. This result contributes to develop the improved duct. Hereafter, the methods used in this study are expected to be useful at checking the flow resistance loss of the ventilation seat duct and assessing the flow channel design

We have performed CFD simulation and analyzed flow and concentration fields for the basic data of the ventilation system for removing pollutants which were produced in a lecture room. The flow patterns indicated differently according to the arrangement of openings and the concentration distribution of pollutants were showed higher and lower because of the effect of that flow patterns. In the case of arranging the openings to the upper and lower side, the stagnation appearance of flow formed in the interested space. In the case of arranging the openings to the right and left side, the stagnation of high concentration pollutants appeared in the middle area of the interested space. On the increasing exhaust velocity, the distribution of pollutants appeared similar to the normal case, but the concentration of pollutants were lower.

두 종류의 막(다공성 막, 양이온교환막)을 사용하여 아연-브롬 레독스-흐름 전지(ZBRFB, Zn-Br redox-flow battery)의 성능을 평가하였다. ZBRFB의 성능평가는 20mA/cm2의 전류밀도에서 진행하였다. 다공성 막인 SF-600을 사용한 ZBRFB의 기전력(SOC 100%에서의 OVC)은 1.87 V, 양이온교환막인 Nafion117 막을 사용한 ZBRFB의 기전력은 1.93 V를 나타냈다. 각 막을 사용한 ZBRFB의 성능은 7회 충 방전 실험을 진행하여 평가하였다. SF600 막을 사용한 ZBRFB의 평균 전류효율은 89.76%, 평균 전압효율은 83.46%, 평균 에너지효율은 74.88%를 나타냈으며, Nafion117 막을 사용한 ZBRFB의 평균 전류효율은 97.7%, 평균 전압효율은 76.33%, 평균 에너지효율은 74.56%를 나타냈다.

가상의 심지층 처분 부지에서 이루어진 지하수 유동 모의 결과를 이용하여 처분 심도의 지하수 유량 분포를 분석하고 그 결 과를 처분 안전성 평가에 이용할 수 있는 방안을 제시하였다. 처분 심도의 지하수 유동량은 가상의 처분 부지를 대상으로 한 광역 및 국지적 지하수 유동 모의 결과의 지하수두 분포를 이용하여 분석하였다. 지하수 유동량 분포를 이용하여 처분공 위 치의 지하수 유동량을 분석하고 최대값을 기준으로 지하수 유동량을 표준화하여 처분공에서의 처분 용기 파손 가능성을 확 률적으로 도시하였다. 확률적으로 제시된 처분 용기의 파손 가능성을 이용하여, 처분 용기로부터 누출이 일어날 것으로 가 정된 위치에서 지표 환경으로 이동하는 방사성 핵종의 이동량에 대한 확률론적 기대값을 계산하여 결정론적으로 평가된 이 전 연구 결과와 비교하였다. 이런 평가 방법은 현장 조건을 더욱 많이 반영할 수 있는 안전성 평가 방안 구축에 기여할 수 있 을 것으로 생각된다.

The flow channel is a game design aspect that has been widely used by experienced game designers. A psychologist named Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi found that a person's skill and the difficulty of a task would interact to result in different cognitive and emotional states. When a person’s skill and the difficulty of the task are roughly balanced, he or she enters the flow state. Otherwise, the person becomes bored or frustrated, and switches to another activity[3]. Unfortunately, for game designers, this is the point where the flow theory stops helping. While a designer strive to keep players in the flow channel for as long as possible, he or she has to figure out how to implement the flow channel in the game by oneself. Therefore, in this paper, we tried to bridge or narrow the gap between game flow and psychology theories. We showed how the whole game flow mechanics work and how several major psychological elements operate dynamically and interactively on the game play. The challenges and skills should be balanced and should work together to create game flow experiences. The contents described in the paper was used to teach university students in game design and media psychology courses. Quantitative and qualitative measures show that our media psychology education could be an effective way of teaching a creative design philosophy.

The excessive concentration of phosphorus in the river and reservoir is a deteriorating factor for the eutrophication. The converter slag was used to remove the phosphate from the synthetic wastewater. Influencing factors were studied to remove soluble orthophosphate with the different particle sizes through the batch and the column experiments by continuous flow. Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption isotherm constants were obtained from batch experiments with PSA and PSB. Freundlich isotherm was fitted better than Langmuir isotherm. Regression coefficient of Freundlich isotherm was 0.95 for PSA and 0.92 for PSB, respectively. The adsorption kinetics from the batch experiment were revealed that bigger size of convert slag, PSA can be applied for the higher than 3.5 mg/L of phosphate concentration. The pilot plant of continuous flow was applied in order to evaluate the pH variation, breakthrough points and breakthrough adsorption capacity of phosphate. The variation of pH was decreased through the experimental hours. The breakthrough time was 1,432 and 312 hours to 10 mg/L and 50 mg/L for the influent concentration, respectively. The breakthrough adsorption capacity was 3.54 g/kg for 10 mg/L, and 1.72 g/kg for 50 mg/L as influent phosphate concentration.

As the fabrication technology used in FPDs(flat-panel displays) advances, the size of these panels is increasing and the pattern size is decreasing to the um range. Accordingly, a cleaning process during the FPD fabrication process is becoming more important to prevent yield reductions. The purpose of this study is to develop a FPD cleaning system and a cleaning process using a two-phase flow. The FPD cleaning system consists of two parts, one being a cleaning part which includes a two-phase flow nozzle, and the other being a drying part which includes an air-knife and a halogen lamp. To evaluate the particle removal efficiency by means of two-phase flow cleaning, silica particles 1.5μm in size were contaminated onto a six-inch silicon wafer and a four-inch glass wafer. We conducted cleaning processes under various conditions, i.e., DI water and nitrogen gas at different pressures, using a two-phase-flow nozzle with a gap distance between the nozzle and the substrate. The drying efficiency was also tested using the air-knife with a change in the gap distance between the air-knife and the substrate to remove the DI water which remained on the substrate after the two-phase-flow cleaning process. We obtained high efficiency in terms of particle removal as well as good drying efficiency through the optimized conditions of the two-phase-flow cleaning and air-knife processes.

Carousel type rotating molding machine is a plastics molding method that is adapted to producing relatively large and seamless parts which are partially or totally enclosed. So it is used to produce the big septic tank, storage tray, icebox, central reservation and so on. Rotating molding method are Rock and Roll, Shuttle, Carousel type, etc. In this study, to develop Carousel type rotating molding machine, its 3D model has designed. Also, to confirm the performance of this model, the theoretical and experimental analysis were carried out under condition of shape and structure of rotating unit and heating unit in molding machine

The purpose of this study is to develop the flowmeter of high viscosity paint spraying system. In this study, the numerical flow analysis of the flowmeter was performed. The velocity and the pressure distributions were obtained using the turbulent SST(Shear Stress Transport) model. The ICEM-CFD13 and CFXMesher, reliable grid generation software was also adapted to secure high quality grid necessary for the reliable analysis. According to the simulation results, the flow rate of flowmeter is 6.49l/min in case of Δp=45bar. This result was in good agreement with design result and could be applied to the actual design of the high viscosity paint spraying system