The treatment of styrene vapor was carried out using the biofilter packed with loess/polyurethane composite during continuous operation of 74 days. The microorganisms were adapted within 2-3 days under the experimental conditions of inlet concentration and empty bed contact time (EBCT). At 200 sec of EBCT, the removal efficiency of styrene was 100% with 200 ppmv of inlet concentration, while 92% with 400 ppmv of inlet concentration. The biofilter showed the stable removal efficiencies of over 74 % under the EBCT range from 300 to 75 sec at the 150 ppmv of inlet styrene concentration. The maximum capacity of styrene removal for the biofilter packed with loess/polyurethane was 29 g/m3/hr. During continuous operation of 74 days, pH of the drain water changed slightly and the pressure drop through the biofilter column was below 45 mmH2O/m.

Recently, we are suffered enormous loss from a natural disaster and making an effort to prepare measures for dealing with disasters. This study shows the major causes of natural disasters and stricken area with the analysis of meteorological data based on the Korean Meteorological Administration and the Central Disaster Relief Center records during 1987-2003 and classifies natural disasters according to the causes and damaged conditions. In this study, the most damaged area were Gangwon, Gyeongnam and Gyeongi province as a result of a typhoon and a localized heavy rain. To establish an effective disaster measure for these area, detailed prevention plans should be established by its causes after investigating precise regional damage data analysis.

This study presents the characteristics of nocturnal inversion layer and their effect on the concentration variations of surface air pollutants using tethersonde and automatic weather station (AWS, 2 layer tower) system in Ulsan during 2003. The method for the distinction of inversion intensity was decided based on the sum of nocturnal temperature gradient. As the results, there was a close correlation (correlation coefficient of 0.76) between the maximum inversion height obtained from tethersonde and the sum of nocturnal temperature gradient. The air pollutant concentration was also directly proportional to the inversion intensity. When the inversion intensity was strong in the nighttime, ozone (O3) concentration was lower, while nitrogen dioxide (NO2) concentration was higher. The carbon monoxide (CO) concentration was gradually higher according to the nocturnal inversion intensity, whereas sulfur dioxide (SO2) concentration was relatively constant. In addition, we found that there was no correlation between the inversion intensity and TSP concentration.

본 연구에서는 댐 건설 전후 수문기상자료의 변화에 대해 분석하고, 댐 건설이 국지 수문기상변화에 미치는 영향과 그 영향 범위에 대해 알아보았다. 모형화를 통해 댐 건설 전후의 수문기상변화에 대한 정량화를 수행하고자 하였으며, 댐의 영향 정도를 시공간적으로 정량화 할 수 있는 모형을 개발하였다. 개발된 모형은 섬진강댐, 소양강댐, 안동댐, 충주댐 등에 적용하였으며, 실제 댐 건설로 인한 수문기상학적 영향이 미치는 한계 범위를 파악하였다. 댐의 범위별로 산

The importance of atmospheric conditions for the assessment of an air pollution situation has been demonstrated by their influence on the various compartments of an air pollution system, comprising all stages from emission to effects. Especially, air pollutants dispersion phenomenon are very sensitive according to wind data. But the discussions of how to apply representative meteorological data in air pollution dispersion model are not frequent in Korean environmental assessment processes. In this study, we investigated the difference of air pollutants dispersion phenomenon using U.S EPA ISCLT3 model according to applying the different meteorological data observed at two points for Seongseo industrial complex of Daegu. Two points are the spot site of Seongseo industrial complex and Daegu meteorological observatory. The winds speed of the spot site were smaller than those of Daegu meteorological observatory. In the winter season, the differences came to about 64% for the period(1 February 2001～31 January 2002). Wind directions were also fairly different at two points. The air pollutants dispersion phenomenon estimated from our numerical experiments were also fairly different owing to the meteorological conditions at two points.

Several samplers using gravimetric methods such as high-volume air sampler, MiniVol portable sampler, personal environmental monitor(PEM) and cyclone were applied to determine the concentrations of fine particles in atmospheric condition. Comparative evaluation between high-volume air sampler and MiniVol portable sampler for PM10, and between MiniVol portable sampler and PEM was undertaken from June, 2003 to January 2004. Simultaneously, meteorological conditions such as wind speed, wind direction, relative humidity and temperature was measured to check the factors affecting the concentrations of fine particles. In addition, particle concentrations by cyclone with an aerodynamic diameter of 4 ㎛ were measured. Correlation coefficient between high- volume air sampler and portable air sampler for PM10 was 0.79 (p<0.001). However, the mean concentration for PM10 by high-volume air sampler was significantly higher than that by MiniVol portable sampler (p=0.018). Correlation coefficient between Minivol portable sampler and PEM for PM2.5 was 0.74 (p<0.001), and the measured mean concentrations for PM2.5 did not show significant difference. Difference of the measured concentrations of fine particle might be explained by wind speed and humidity among meteorological conditions. Particle concentration differences by measurement samplers were proportional to the wind speed, but inversely proportional to the relative humidity, though it was not a significant correlation.

Adsorption characteristics of toluene vapor, which is one of important source of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), by activated carbon were investigated using a fixed bed adsorption column. The operating parameters such as breakthrough curve, adsorption capacity, mass transfer zone (MTZ), and length of unused bed (LUB) were studied. The experimental results showed that the breakthrough time decreased with increasing inlet toluene concentration and gas flow rate. MTZ and LUB increased with the increase of inlet concentration, gas flow rate, and particle size of activated carbon. The adsorption capacity increased with the increase of inlet toluene concentration, while it decreased with increasing particle size. However, it was kept at constant value regardless of the increase of gas flow rate. Adsorption isotherm of toluene vapor could be represented by the Freundlich adsorption equation fairly well. From the adsorption experiments using some VOC gases such as toluene, xylene, butyl acetate. butanol and acetone, it was also found that the adsorption capacity was higher in the case of gas with higher boiling point and lower vapor pressure.

최근 정확한 대기오염 및 황사이동예보를 위하여, 대기역학모형과 확산모형의 결합을 통한 수치실험이 실시되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 3차원 대기역학모형( RAMS)과, 확산모형(PDAS)에 사용되는 기상장의 시간분해능이 대기확산장에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 그리고 여러 가지 시간분해능의 기상자료를 확산모형에 적용하여 황사입자의 분포 특성과 차이를 수치실험을 통하여 비교분석하였다. 수치실험 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻을 수 있었다. 1) RAMS에 의한 바람장 예측결과, 지면과 상층의 바람장이 동조될 수도 있고, 그렇지 않을 수도 있다. 상하층의 바람장이 동조되지 않을 경우 황사의 예측은 황사의 상승고도예측과 밀접하게 관련된다. 2) 황사의 연직분포에서 초기에는 상층의 황사가 먼저 이동을 하게 되며, 시간이 지남에 따라 하층의 황사도 이동을 시작한다. 본 연구에서는 최고 고도 3.9km 까지 도달한다. 3) 수치실험에서 초기(24시)의 경우, 시간해상도에 따른 확산의 차이는 크지 않다. 그러나 시간이 경과함에 따라 입자확산분포의 차이가 크게 나타난다. 4) 3시간 이하의 높은 시간해상도의 경우, 입자분포의 차이가 크지 않다. 그러나 6시간보다 간격이 큰 자료를 이용할 경우, 황사입자분포의 양적측면에서 큰 차이를 나타내며, 밀도 분포의 차이에 일정한 경향성을 가진다 5) 입력 바람장의 시간분해능이 작은 경우 즉 입력시간 간격이 큰 경우, 황사입자는 지역의 주풍성분(동아시아의 경우 편서풍)을 따라 분포한다. 그러나 시간분해능이 큰 경우, 중규모적인 기상현상을 잘 재현되며, 여기에 의하여 주풍의 직각성분인 남북성분의 효과가 크게 나타난다. 이상의 결과에서 확산모형의 입력자료로 사용되어지는 바람장은 보고자하는 기상현상을 잘 표현할 수 있는 시간분해능 내의 자료를 이용하여야하며, 이를 무시할 경우 입자의 농도예측에 많은 오차를 발생시킬 수 있다. 그러므로 확산예보에 앞서 시간분해능에 관한 검증이 필요하다고 판단된다.

본 논문에서는 월 댐유입량을 예측하는데 있어서 기상예보정보를 활용한 뉴로-퍼지 시스템의 적용성을 검토하였다. 뉴로-퍼지 알고리즘으로 퍼지이론과 신경망이론의 결합형태인 ANFIS(Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System)을 이용하여 모형을 구성하였다. ANFIS의 공간분할에 의한 제어규칙의 선정에 있어 퍼지변수가 증가함에 따라 제어규칙이 기하급수적으로 증가하는 단점을 해결하기 위해 퍼지 클러스터링(Fuzzy Clustering)

This experiment was carried out to evaluate the microclimate of wheat canopy, growth and yield characteristics of wheat under north-south and east-west row orientation. The variety used in this experiment was "AG South 2000", which was developed in USA. Solar radiation, air temperature, relative humidity, and soil temperature were monitored by data logger from March to May in 2002, The ratio of light penetration to the bottom from the upper canopy was 36.8% in north-south and 21.4% in east-west row orientation. Temporal march of light penetration to the bottom from March to May decreased as wheat developed canopy structure and decreased a little from May as plant were matured. The highest light penetration to the bottom from upper canopy occurred at 13：00 in both north-south and east-west row orientations, respectively which were 36 times in north-south and 27 times in east-west row orientation, respectively. Daily maximum temperature at the bottom of canopy occurred at 14：00 with 29 times in north-south, while 19 times were obtained at 14：00 and 15：00, respectively in east-west row orientation. Relative humidity at the bottom of the canopy in east-west yow orientation showed higher than that of north-south row orientation. Occurrence of daily maximum soil temperature of north-south showed one hour later compared with east-west yow orientation. 1000 grain weight and test weight of north-south row orientation was higher than those of east-west vow orientation. Correlation coefficient between solar radiation of upper canopy and 1000 grain weight showed r=0.8132* , and between air temperature of upper canopy and number of spikes per ~textrmm2 and 1000 grain weight showed significant positive correlation with r=0.8139* , and r=0.8293* , respectively.

최근 온실기체의 증가로 인한 극기상현상의 발생빈도가 증가할 것으로 예상된다. 본 연구에서는 이미 연구된 여러가지 GCM 모의결과와 마코프 연쇄를 이용하여 기후변화를 고려한 수문자료의 모의발생을 실시하였다. 또 적절한 지수를 이용하여 미래시점의 가뭄과 홍수 발생의 변동 가능폭을 예측하였다. 그 결과 시나리오에 따라 극심한 가뭄과 홍수의 발생빈도가 증가할 것으로 예상되어 현재 상태보다 수자원의 계획과 관리에 많은 어려움이 닥칠 것으로 보인다. 향후 수자원

We studied the relationship between a civil affair occurrence of bad smell and meteorological conditions around Seongseo district for recent 2 years. The results were as follows; (1) The civil affair occurrence days of bad smell were concentrated from May to August. (2) Daily mean temperatures were mostly 20～28℃ and daily mean relative humidities were 60～80%. (3) Wind speeds were mostly less than 2m/s(75%), and wind directions were southerly winds(50%). It was hardly occurred for relatively well-ventilated conditions in cases of wind speeds 2m/s over. And the Lagrangian particle dispersion model were used to figure out the transport route in a civil affair occurrence days of bad smell. It was found that the south-western winds transported the bad smelling materials from Jungni-dong(the place of source) to the housing complex located along a piedmont district.

In this study, we alalyzed the relationship between the time-variation trend of air pollution concentration index and the meteorological conditions with CO(carbon monoxide) concentration and meteorological observation data in high-CO episode days. CO is a representative automobil air pollutant. The results are as follows; 1. Most of the high-CO episode days within 30 classes appeared in winter season. 2.Most of them appeared under the surface weather conditions with east-west high-pressure system. The surface winds in this high-pressure area were very light. 3. The high-CO episode days were due to unusual accumulation within urban atmosphere in the morning. 4.The Atmospheric stabilities were more stable, and then the wind-ventilation conditions were worse than yearly mean atmospheric condition in Daegu.

In order to make use of the protection effect against wind by the vegetation, it examined whether it should make what vegetation form and arrangement using the 2-dimensional non-hydrostatic model. When the foliage shielding factor increases, it becomes hard to take in protection effect against wind in a residential section. When it makes height of vegetation high, it becomes hard to take in protection effect against wind with height. In the comparison in the case where vegetation high is gradually made low toward wind-stream from a vegetation, and the case of making it low gradually, although former tends to receive the protection effect against wind by the vegetation, attenuation of wind velicity becomes large. In the comparison in the case where foliage shielding factor and distribution of density of leaf are gathered gradually toward wind-stream from a vegetation. It has been understood to evaluate to height the influence that the vegetation multi-layer model by which the heat revenue and expenditure in the direction of the vegetation height is considered is used, and to characterize the vegetation group by the parameter setting.

1. 4개년 조사 기간 중 보리호위축병 발병율은 6.6%-62.5%로 연차간 기상조건에 따라 큰 변이를 나타내었다. 2. 면역혈청학적 검정 결과 보리호위축병의 감염이 확인되었으며, 일부 품종은 BaMMV와의 혼합 감염이 발생하였으나 보리호위축병에 비해 상대적으로 발생이 낮은 경향이었다. 3. 월동전 보리 초기 생육 기간의 기상 조건과 발병율의 변화 조사 결과 평균기온이 바이러스의 감염과 유의성 있는 상관을 나타내었다. 4. 월동기중에는 기상조건과 발병율과는 어떤 요인도 유의성 있는 상관을 나타내지 않았다. 5. 생육재생기 이후의 발병율은 최고기온과 유의성 있는 상관을 나타내어 병징 발현에는 최고기온이 영향을 미치는 것으로 조사되었다.