본 논문에서는 모바일 기기의 프로세서 처리 능력과 메모리 용량의 제한에 관계없이 거대 크기의 이미지를 게임의 배경으로 사용하기 위한 타일화된 이미지 압축 기법을 제안한다. 실험을 통하여 제안한 기법이 압축 효율 측면에서는 하나의 PNG 파일로 압축하는 방법과 유사하나 모바일 단말기의 메모리 제한으로 인한 디코딩 가능한 이미지의 크기 제한 문제를 해결할 수 있음을 보였다. 또한 실행 시 부분 디코딩 기법을 적용하여 단말기 화면에 출력되는 이미지 부분만 디코딩하여 출력함으로 초기의 대규모 이미지의 로딩 시간을 줄일 수 있음을 보였다.

This paper investigated the role of specificity by Korean learners in processing the article choice parameter. To this end, Korean learners of EFL completed the online and the offline semantic acceptability-rating tasks. The online results indicated that the Korean learners of EFL at both the advanced and the intermediate level of the proficiency fluctuated between the specificity and definiteness parameter settings. Especially for the intermediate Korean learners of EFL, the response time of the [-definite, +specific] condition showed little difference from other conditions, implying that they adhered to the definiteness parameter setting. The offline results, in contrast, indicated that the Korean learners of EFL at both the advanced and the intermediate level of the proficiency adhered to the definiteness parameter setting. It seems that there is a possibility that the intermediate learners were adopting the definiteness parameter setting, which is different from the claims made in Ionin, Ko and Wexler’s (2004) specificity hypothesis.

포제 방법에 따른 감초경엽의 성분변화 및 항산화, 항돌연변이원성을 평가하였다. 성분변화를 관찰하기 위해 GC-Mass의 분석한 결과 각 추출물에서 공통으로 분석된 성분은 19.7분에서 cis-1,3-dimethyl-2-methylene-cyclohexane과 21.5에서 n-hexadecanoic acid이 모두 분석되었으며, 17.8분에서는 3-O-methyl-D-Fructose가 끓는 물에 데친 감초경엽에서 19.8분에서는 aminopyrazine이 4회 볶은 감초 잎과 줄기 추출물만 분석되지 않고 4가지 모두에서 분석되었다. 항산화 활성 측정에서는 DPPH 라디칼 소거활성에서 3회 볶은 감초경엽에서 EC50이 2.66±0.09μg으로 가장 높은 활성을 나타났으며, ABTS 라디칼 소거활성은 4회 볶은 감초경엽에서 EC50이 0.57±0.22μg으로 가장 높았다. 환원력 측정에서는 3회 볶은 감초 잎과 줄기 추출물에서 가장 높게 나타났으며, 폴리페놀 함량 3회 볶은 감초경엽에서 3.38±0.12g/100g으로 가장 높았다. 항돌연변이원성 평가에 있어서 직접변이원인 1-NP에 대해 높은 돌연변이 억제효과를 나타내었으며, 간접변이원인인 Trp-P-1, Trp-P-2, AFB1, 2-AA에 대해서는 3번 볶은 감초경엽(GU-1)에서 가장 높은 돌연변이 억제효과를 나타냈다.

This paper presents the image processing technique for detecting the aggregate shape. From the verification test, it was exhibited that the shape of aggregate can be detected by the developed program.

Set-controlling admixtures via granulation method may be secured the operation time by adjusting the response time. therefore, mortar with Set-controlling admixtures via granulation is measured setting-time. As a result, the possibility of initial reaction control confirmed and also was developed the required properties of setting-time.

Purpose - This dissertation is based on previous research, and analyzes processing trade, which constitutes a major section of foreign trade in Shandong Province. Research design, data, and methodology - The study uses the survey data on polarization, which is a vital index reflecting the unbalanced growth of regional economic development. The article introduces the processing trade polarization index, and the processing trade polarization fluctuation rate, to predict the geographical polarization posture and development trends in Shandong Province. Results -The development of processing trade in Shandong Province shows the level of gradient from east to west. The first-line growth pole has been formed and developed, and the initial formation of the diffusion mechanism has taken place. However, coordination problems in accompanying regional development have become increasingly prominent. Conclusions - This study focuses on the development of processing trade strategy and suggests overall coordination of development objectives, using non-balanced development goals. According to regional characteristics and development objectives of the processing trade in Shandong Province, the region around the city is divided into innovation diffusion region, enhanced growth areas, areas expected to undertake development, and areas to upgrade in four levels, given the different policy proposals.

‘고운’은 농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 고령지농업연구센터에서 가을재배용 칩가공용 품종을 육성하고자 1998년 건물함량이 높은 가공용품종 ‘Lemhi russet’와 수량성이 높은 단휴면 2기작 식용품종인 ‘추백’을 인공교배하여 육성하였다. 그후 봄재배와 가을재배를 통하여 실생세대와 생산력검정예비시험, 생산력검정본시험을 거치면서 H98005-4를 선발하였으며, 2005년과 2006년에 걸쳐 제주, 남해, 강릉 등 3지역에서봄, 가을재배를 통해 지역적응시험을 실시한 결과 그 우수성이 인정되어 2006년 농작물 직무육성 신품종 선정위원회에서국가목록 등재품종으로 선정되었다. ‘고운’은 남부 해안 2기작감자 재배지역에 적응하는 칩가공용 감자품종으로 숙기는중간정도이다. 반직립형으로 생장하며, 꽃색이 흰색이고, 자연조건하에서 열매는 거의 달리지 않는다. 괴경모양이 짧은 계란형으로 육색이 흰색이며, 내외부 생리장해 발생이 적다. 괴경의 건물함량이 높고 환원당 함량이 낮아 칩가공성이 우수하다. 괴경의 휴면기간은 수확후 60～70일 정도이다. 더뎅이병과 역병에 대하여 중도저항성이지만 감자바이러스Y에는 약하기 때문에 씨감자 채종재배시 진딧물 방제를 철저히 하여야한다. 풋마름병에 대해서는 저항성이 없으므로 풋마름병 발생지역에서는 재배하지 말아야 한다. ‘고운’의 수량성은 2005년부터 2006년까지 2년간 실시한 지역적응시험 결과 봄재배시33.2 ton/ha, 가을재배시 26.2 ton/ha로 나타나 ‘Dejima’에 비하여 각각 87%, 86%의 수량성을 보였다. ‘고운’의 적응지역은 전라북도 해안지역과 전라남도와 경상남도의 2기작감자 재배지역이다.

새로운 팥 품종 새길 Vigna angularis은 년 밀양 국립식량과학원에서 개발하였다 새길 은 충주재래 를 모본으로 하고 충주팥전남재래 호 을 부본으로 교배하여 품종을 개발하였다 조숙 대립 내재해성 계통으로 선발된 품종으로 밀양 로 명명하였으며 년간 지역적응시험을 실시한 결과 고품질의 내재해 다수성 품종으로 선발하여 이후 새길 로 명명하였다 새길 은 개화기 및 성숙기가 대조군인 충주팥에 비해 일 빠르고 개화기간은 일 짧다 생산력검정시험 결과 립중은 으로 충주팥보다 무거웠으며 당 평균수량은 으로 나타났다

Arabidopsis STABILIZED1 (STA1) encodes a protein that is homologous to human U5 snRNP-associated 102-kDa protein (PRPF6), and the yeast pre-mRNA splicing factors, PRP1p (fission yeast) and Prp6p (budding yeast), and is important in pre-mRNA splicing and mRNA stability. The pleiotropic defects of development, chilling sensitivity and hypersensitivity to ABA are observed in sta1-1, a weak allele of sta1. sta1-1, showing enhanced luminescence under cold stress, was originally isolated from a mutant pool generated with the bioluminescent plant harboring the stress-inducible RD29A promoter-driven luciferase gene (RD29A-LUC). Some developmental defects found in sta1-1 resembled those found in miRNA biogenesis mutants such as hyponastic leaves1-1 (hyl1-1) and serrate-1 (se-1). Similar to these miRNA biogenesis mutants, sta1-1 accumulated significantly lower levels of mature miRNAs and concurrently higher levels of pri-miRNAs than wild type. The dramatic reductions of mature miRNAs were associated with the accumulation of their target gene transcripts and the corresponding developmental defects. The reduction of miRNA accumulation in sta1-1 appeared to be because of the sta1-1 decfects in splicing of intron containing pri-miRNAs. In addition, sta1-1 decreased transcript levels of DICER-LIKE1 (DCL1) gene. These results suggest that STA1 is involved in miRNA biogenesis directly by functioning in pri-miRNA splicing and indirectly by modulating the DCL1 transcript level. Our efforts and recent findings to establish STA1-mediated RNA metabolism will be presented and discussed.

Phosphorus is one of the macronutrients essential for plant growth and development, as well as crop productivity. Many soils around the world are deficient in phosphate (Pi) that plants can utilize. To cope with the stress of Pi starvation, plants have evolved many adaptive strategies, such as changes of root architecture and enhanced Pi acquisition form soil. To understand molecular mechanism underlying Pi starvation stress signaling, we characterized the activation-tagged mutant showing altered responses to Pi deficiency compared to wild type Arabidopsis and named hsp3 (hypersensitive to Pi starvation3). hsp3 mutant exhibits enhanced phosphate transporter activity, resulting in higher Pi content than wild type. However, in root architectural change under Pi starvation, hsp3 shows hyposensitive responses than wild type, such as longer primary root elongation, lower lateral root density. Histochemical analysis using hsp3 mutant expressing auxin-responsive DR5::GUS reporter gene, indicated that auxin allocation from primary to lateral roots under Pi starvation is aborted in hsp3 mutant. Molecular genetic analysis of hsp3 mutant revealed that the mutant phenotype is caused by the lesion in ENHANCED SILENCING PHENOTYPE4 (ESP4) gene whose function is proposed in mRNA 3’ end processing. Here, we propose that mRNA processing plays a crucial role in Pi homeostasis in Arabidopsis.

Plant growth under water-deficit conditions adversely affects many key processes. Efforts to understand drought stress-related defense mechanisms have revealed a host of plant genes using molecular approaches in rice. Here, we report the novel finding that OsCTR1 E3 ligase regulates both chloroplast-localized chloroplast protein 12 (OsCP12) and ribosomal protein 1 (OsRP1) in protein levels and subcellular localization. The results of a yeast-two hybrid assay, bimolecular fluorescence complementation assay, ubiquitination assay, subcellular localization, and a protein degradation assay support the hypothesis that OsCTR1 functions in trafficking inhibition and proteolysis of OsCP12 and OsRP1 via the ubiquitin 26S proteasome pathway. Heterogeneous overexpression of OsCTR1 in Arabidopsis showed ABA-hypersensitive phenotype in seed germination, seedling growth, and stomatal closure. The transgenic plants also exhibited improvement of water-deficit tolerance with an accumulation of hydrogen peroxide production. These results demonstrate that the OsCTR1 E3 ligase might positively regulate the cellular functions of OsCP12 and RP1 related to photosynthesis under drought stress conditions in rice.

영상처리기법(Visible 카메라)을 이용하여 A지역 열차 차량의 주행륜, 안내륜 및 집전슈의 거동상태와 차량의 전 궤도 주행에 대한 주행특성(상하, 좌우 변위)을 30Hz로 측정하여 모노레일 구조물의 노면상태를 평가하고자 한다. 열차 차량의 운행에 따른 상하, 좌우 거동상태, 안내륜 및 가이드레일의 거동상태, 주행륜 및 주행면의 거동상태, 주행륜 및 주행면의 거동상태 및 전차선 및 집전슈의 거동상태를 측정하여 정량적인 데이터를 도출하고자 한다. 차량의 주요 측정지점 7개소에 대해 고해상도 Visible카메라를 장착하여 약 6km구간을 주행시간 동안 1회 측정하고, 녹화된 영상데이터를 분석하였다.

This paper presents the image processing technique for analyzing quantitatively air voids in paste. From the test, the performance of proposed technique was verified.

Syntactic priming effect is a tendency in which the syntactic structure used in the previous utterance tends to be carried over in the following utterance. The effects have been considered to help envisage the abstract process in mind into a more concrete idea and offered prospects for understanding the speakers' grammatical structure. The purpose of the present study is to investigate whether this effect appears in Korean learners of Chinese, and whether the implicit learning effect emerges regardless of their proficiency(length of learning). Participants consist of two groups: less proficient learners with shorter length of learning (N=31) and more proficient learners with longer length of learning( (N=31). For the implicit learning effects, each participant took part in the experiment three times with an interval of fifteen days. The results showed that the syntactic priming effects have been observed. Also, the more salient implicit learning effects were observed in the group with longer length of learning(longer LOL) while the shorter LOL group has shown weaker effects. The results shed light on the universal tendency of syntactic persistence and gave implications that less-proficient learners who lack the cognitive prerequisite on L2 syntactic structures have some limitations on both the priming and implicit learning effects. The findings were complementary with the results of Park (2011).

To establish a new manufacturing process of low-salted fermented anchovy sauce, commercial fermented anchovy sauce with 23% NaCl was desalted using a spirit. The proximate composition, total nitrogen, amino nitrogen, Escherichia coli, and total and free amino acid contents were analyzed to evaluate the quality characteristics of commercial salted fermented anchovy sauce (CFAS) and low-salt fermented anchovy sauce by desalting processing (LFAS). The salinity of saltwater and fermented anchovy sauce decreased with an increase in the spirit added to 23% NaCl saltwater and 23% NaCl commercial fermented anchovy sauce. The total nitrogen and amino nitrogen contents were higher in LFAS than in CFAS. The major amino acids that were commonly found in CFAS and LFAS were glutamic acid, alanine, lysine and leucine. Basic data were provided for commodification research on low-salt fermented anchovy sauce, which is very important for the diet of humans.

Response surface methodology was applied to the processing conditions to investigate the physicochemical properties of ramie porridge. In the processing conditions based on the central composite design with the addition of ramie leaf powder (0-4 g) and water (700-1100 g), the coefficients of determination (R2) of the models were above 0.9141 for the physicochemical properties, above 0.7627 for the Hunter color parameters, and above 0.8975 for the rheological properties. The soluble solid content, viscosity, and gumminess of the sample decreased significantly with an increase in the water added, whereas the spreadability and adhesiveness increased significantly. The Hunter color L value of the sample decreased significantly with an increase in the amount of ramie leaf powder added, whereas the Hunter b value increased significantly. The estimated maximum viscosity of the ramie porridge was shown to be 24,643 cp when 1.90 g ramie leaf powder and 700.24 g water were added; the estimated maximum lightness of the ramie porridge was shown to be 59.11 when 0.02 g ramie leaf powder and 869.30 g water were added; and the estimated maximum gumminess of the ramie porridge was shown to be 21.46 g when 2.12 g ramie leaf powder and 700.35 g water were added.

It is well known that multipath disturbance is one of the major error sources impacting high precision GPS positioning. Even though most of the other error sources have been dealt with by modeling or using special practical techniques, multipath disturbance is still the limiting factor of all precise differential carrier-phase applications. Wavelet decomposition techniques proved to be a powerful tool in mitigation as introduced by various researchers. This paper presents a new trend extraction technique for multipath mitigation in carrier phase measurements domain using wavelet multi-resolution analysis.

This study, the changes in physicochemical properties and hesperidin content of Jeju-processed citrus fruits according to the harvest date were evaluate. The soluble-solid content, pH, and soluble solid-acid ratios gradually increased , but titratable acidity slightly decreased with a delay in the harvest date. The color index, lightness, yellowness, and turbidity slightly decreased whereas the redness slightly increased with a delay in the harvest date. The hesperidin content slightly decreased with a delay in the harvest date. Hesperidin, which is the major cause of juice cloudiness, decreased with a delay in the harvest date. These results suggest that later-harvested fruit juice is bound to be less cloudy.

This study examines whether formulaic sequences might be stored and retrieved as wholes in a holistic fashion rather than analytically. Another goal is to see whether the processing of L2 sequences is affected by L2 proficiency, grammaticality and length of expressions. Grammaticality judgment task was conducted and data was collected from Korean L2 English learners of low- and intermediate-level of proficiency. First, results showed that formulaic sequences were responded more rapidly and accurately than nonformulaic sequences. This provides additional support for the claim that formulaic sequences are stored and processed as single lexical units even in L2 speakers' mental lexicon. Second, the formulaicity effect was constant at both levels, indicating that formulaic sequences are acquired and processed from the early stage of L2 development. Finally, it was found that grammatical sequences were processed more quickly and accurately than ungrammatical ones and that shorter expressions were judged faster and more accurately than longer ones, implying more efficient processing and less memory load for shorter and grammatical expressions. Building on the results in the present study, we propose a formal account for the quicker and accurate processing of formulaic sequences with reference to psycholinguistic model and processing constraints.