ROPS is a structure installed to protect drivers from tractor rollover accidents and is being tested for certification under the OECD code. Because this test requires a lot of cost and time to develop the ROPS and to produce test model, the OECD is discussing the introduction of virtual test using finite element analysis. In this study, the results were compared by conducting a strength test and finite element analysis applied with the OECD code to use it as a basic data for standardization of ROPS virtual test methods. It was confirmed that the results of the analysis of the bolts and plates of the coupling part and the folding part were more close to the physical test results than the rigid elements and constraints at the point of coupling the tractor and ROPS.

Background: Although recent studies using virtual reality have been actively conducted, studies on exercise therapy interventions and changes in muscle characteristics in patients with scoliosis are limited. Objectives: To investigate the effects of trunk and pelvic exercises program using virtual reality on the characteristics of paraspinal muscles in patients with scoliosis. Design: A randomized controlled trial. Methods: Thirty college students with scoliosis were randomly assigned to the trunk and pelvic exercise program using virtual reality group (VRG; n=15) and the general stretching exercise group (SG; n=15). The intervention was conducted three times a week for 8 weeks for 30 min per session. The recorded variables were muscle tone (F), muscle stiffness (S), and muscle elasticity (D). The collected data were analyzed after statistical processing. Results: In the cervical vertebrae, F showed significant differences in the amount of inter-group variation in the VRG compared that in the SG on the right side. The VRG showed significant increases in intra-group variation on both the right and left sides. S showed significant differences in the amount of inter-group variation in the VRG compared to that in the SG on the right side. With regard to the intra-group variation of F in the thoracic vertebrae, the right muscle in the VRG demonstrated significantly increased after the experiment, while D significantly increased in the left muscle in the VRG. Conclusion: Pelvic and trunk exercises program using virtual reality may be applied a better therapeutic intervention for patients with scoliosis.

디지털 시대에 가상현실 콘텐츠 속에서 일루젼으로 표현된 공간의 연구에 의한 실제 공간의 재해석을 해야 하는 필요성이 강조되고 있다. 가상현실 디자인에서 콘텐츠에 연관하여 일루젼과 시각적 사고의 관계를 비 교해 보면 대부분 가상현실 콘텐츠가 갖는 근본적인 성질임을 알 수 있다. 또한 사용자들은 가상현실 콘텐 츠의 특성에 따라 시지각적 일루젼을 체험하며 사용자들의 시각적 인지에 경험을 할 수 있는 중요한 디자 인 구성요소가 된다. 본 연구는 가상현실 콘텐츠의 시각적 환영의 조건에 대해 분석하고 이를 바탕으로 가 상현실 콘텐츠에 적용된 재현적 환영 표현을 연구하는데 목적이 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 가상현실의 개념과 분류를 알아보고, 시각적 일루젼의 조건을 정립하는 것으로 부터 시작한다. 또한 선행연구와 기존문헌 토대 로 가상현실에 적합한 시각적 일루젼의 조건을 분류하였다. 시각적 일루젼의 조건은 시지각적 일루젼의 조 건, 공간적 일루젼의 조건, 재현적 일루젼의 조건 3가지의 조건으로 분류하였으며, 과거 미술사 속에 10가지 의 세부적인 시각적 일루젼 형태로 분류된다. 이를 바탕으로 가상현실 콘텐츠인 미디어아트, 아트 게임와 가상현실 게임을 선정하여 콘텐츠 사례를 분석하고 결과를 산출하였다.

Activities to prevent industrial accidents can be divided into management of disaster risk factors of production facilities, disaster prevention systems and procedures, and human factors management. Human factor management is the last and most effective means to minimize disaster incidence and loss costs. The key strategy for this is safety and health education. However, formal or fictitious education is still being carried out in the industrial field. In addition, it is true that the application of practical use is insufficient due to the simple theoretical education based on knowledge transfer. In order to change the safety consciousness of employers and workers, we think that the paradigm of education should be changed from the traditional text and video-oriented lecture education method to experience-oriented education. The purpose of this study is to measure and analyze the effectiveness of safety education through education contents using VR(Virtual Reality) and AR(Augmented Reality) technology in keeping with the changing times of the 4th Industrial Revolution, And to suggest the direction of future safety and health education and content development trend.

The purpose of this study is to develop up-cycling fashion design methods centered on discarded denim material for the study of original up-cycling design methods. Up-cycling fashion design work was developed using digital clothing technology. This is a recent hot topic among sustainable fashion design methods. Up-cycling fashion design expression methods (categorized as dismantlement, collages, dépaysement, grafting, weaving, and tearing) were centered on design methods. These methods create various three-dimensional modeling effects in planar forms, whereby five pieces can be applied to the fabric and digitally produced. The results are as follows: First, the use of discarded denim fabric for the development of up-cycling fashion design pieces enabled the recycling of existing resources, provided solutions to environmental pollution problems, and provided expansion opportunities for design processes for sustainable fashion products that expand the design value of denim products and their utility. Second, new eco-friendly fashion designs that attempt to achieve diversity in modern fashion trends could be presented through formative contemporary fashion produced by up-cycling work products. Third, up-cycling fashion design work is expected to provide opportunities for eco-friendly fashion design methods. This will expand the value of sustainable fashion design by recycling simple waste materials through the use of three-dimensional digital clothing technology and further through the presentation of expanded life cycles that extend product planning, production, and life cycles.

Purpose: This study aims to describe the experience of nursing students who used a virtual simulation program for their nursing practicum. Method: Structured debriefing papers were collected from 65 senior nursing students using a convenient sampling method for this qualitative study. Conventional content analysis method was used for data analysis. Results: The study’s findings derived three theme clusters. The theme clusters were “satisfied by leading role in nursing practice and repetitive training,” “gained nursing responsibility and confidence in applying the learning into clinical practice,” and “recognized the limitations of customized nursing care.” Conclusion: The results of this study provided insight into nursing students' virtual simulation-based practical training experiences in the context of the Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic.

목적 : 본 연구의 목적은 최근 10년간 뇌졸중 환자의 상지기능 회복을 위해 사용된 가상현실 중재들에 대해 알아보고 체계적으로 고찰을 실시하고자 한다. 연구방법 : 2010년 1월부터 2020년 12월까지 Research Information Sharing Service(RISS), Koreanstudies Informatin Service System(KISS), DBpia, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus의 온라 인 데이터 베이스에 등록된 논문을 검색하였다. 최종적으로 18개의 Randomized Controlled Trials(RCT) 논문을 대상으로 PICO 방법을 사용하여 분석하였다. 결과 : 뇌졸중 환자의 상지기능 회복을 위해 사용된 가상현실 중재방법은 9개였고, 총 18회 사용되었다. 그중 Nintendo Wii가 4회(22.22%), 가상현실 프로그램이 4회(22.22%)로 가장 많았다. 연구 분석 결과 뇌졸중 환자의 상지기능 향상에 Nintendo Wii와 가상현실 프로그램이 효과적인 것으로 나타났다. 결론 : 뇌졸중 환자의 상지기능 향상을 위한 가상현실 중재방법의 종류와 빈도를 제시하였고 가장 많이 사용되는 Nintendo Wii와 가상현실 프로그램의 중재 방법에 대한 근거 논문들을 중재 방법, 중재 기간 및 횟수, 중재효과를 표로 만들어 제시하였다. 결과는 임상 치료사들이 치료방법 및 기간, 평가도구를 선택하는데 근거 자료로 사용할 수 있을 것이다.

목적 : 본 연구는 지역사회 거주 노인을 대상으로 가상현실 기반 일상생활활동 중재를 병행한 가정환경개선 서비스를 제공하였을 때 일상생활 안전 및 낙상 예방에 미치는 효과를 알아보고자 하였다. 연구방법 : 본 연구는 지역사회에 거주하는 만성질환 노인 9명을 대상으로 서비스를 제공하였다. 프로그램은 총 4회기에 걸쳐 제공되었으며 가정을 방문하여 주거환경 평가 및 수정을 진행하고 수정된 환경에 적응할 수 있도록 일상생활훈련을 진행하였다. 또한 대상자가 센터로 방문하여 가상현실 환경 내에서 일 상생활동작 훈련을 하였다. 아울러 일상생활활동 중재의 일환으로 운동 처방 및 코치를 제공하였다. 결과 : 중재 전·후 가정 내 안전 및 낙상 위험요소는 Home Falls and Accidents Screening Test(HOME-FAST) 평가 결과 평균 6.2(SD ± 3.9)에서 11.7(SD ± 3.7)로 개선되었다(p = .00). 낙상 관련 행동요인은 Falls Behavioural Scale(FaB) 평가 결과 97.8(SD ± 3.9)에서 103.1(SD ± 6.2)로 향상되었고(p = .02), 활동특이적 균형 자신감은 Activity-specific Balance Confidence Scale(ABC)평가결과 496.6(SD ± 303.7)에 서 742.2(SD ± 315.7)로 향상되었다(p = .02). HOME-FAST, FaB, ABC 모든 평가에서 서비스 전후 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 나타냄으로써 본 프로그램이 가정 내 낙상 예방 및 낙상 위험 행동요인의 개선에 효과가 있으며, 낙상에 대한 균형 자신감의 향상을 확인하였다. 또한, 본 연구에서 시행한 혼합형 중재 모델의 가정환경개선 서비스에 대하여 전반적인 만족도가 매우 높은 것으로 나타났다. 결론 : 가상현실기반 일상생활활동 중재를 병행한 가정환경개선 서비스 모델을 통해 지역사회 거주 노인의 낙상 예방과 일상생활에서의 안전사고 감소를 위한 효율적인 작업치료 중재가 이루어지기를 기대한다.

The design response spectrum presented in the seismic design standard reflects the characteristics of the tectonic environment at a site. However, since the design response spectrum does not represent the ground motion with a specific earthquake magnitude or distance, input ground motions for response history analysis need to be selected reasonably. It is appropriate to use observed ground motions recorded in Korea for the seismic design. However, recently recorded ground motions in the Gyeongju (2016) or Pohang (2017) earthquakes are not compatible with the design response spectrum. Therefore, it is necessary to convert the recorded ground motion in Korea to a model similar to the design response spectrum. In this study, several approaches to adjust the spectral acceleration level at each period range were tested. These are the intrinsic and scattering attenuation considering the earthquake environment, magnitude, distance change by the green function method, and a rupture propagation direction's directivity effect. Using these variables, the amplification ratio for the representative natural period was regressed. Finally, the optimum condition compatible with the design response spectrum was suggested, and the validation was performed by converting the recorded ground motion.

건축은 우리 실제 삶 가운데 존재하지만, 영화·게임 등의 가상세계 속 세상의 배경이 되어 다양한 모습으로 보여진다. 영화와 게임, 애니메이션의 공간 속에서 건축은 영화 미술의 중요한 역할을 하며 애니메이션과 게임 속 가상 세계의 스토리를 흥미롭고 현실감 있게 표현하는 중요한 수단이 되고 있다. 특히 4차 산업혁명 시대의 중요 기술 중 하나인 가상현실과 증강현실 콘텐츠 개발에도 건축은 현실 표현이자 창의적 가공을 통한 결정적 모티브 역할을 담당하고 있다. 또한 최근 게임 제작 분야의 3D모델링 게임제작에 건축전공자와 게임디자이너의 협업을 통한 시너지로 풍부한 콘텐츠가 개발되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 디지털 콘텐츠의 가상세계 속 건축 디자인 사례를 분야별로 분석하고 최신 동향과 앞으로의 활용 방안을 제시하고자 한다.

Background: Ankle sprain is one of the most common musculoskeletal injuries in the sports population or during usual daily life activities. The sprain can cause functional ankle instability (FAI), and it is very important to treat FAI. However, the optimum intervention method for FAI has yet to be determined. Objects: This study investigated the impact that virtual reality (VR) training program on balance with ankle kinesio taping for FAI. Methods: Twenty-two people were selected for the study and randomly divided into the experimental (n = 11) and the control group (n = 11). The experimental group had attached kinesio taping on the ankle and then implemented a virtual reality exercise program for 30 minutes a day. Nintendo Wii Fit Plus was used for the VR intervention three times a week for four weeks. The control group performed only two measurements without intervention. Results: There were no statistically significant differences in overall, anterior-posterior (AP), medial-lateral (ML) index of the static balance, and significant differences in overall, AP, ML index of the dynamic balance when taping and VR exercise were applied at the same time (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences in overall and ML index of static and dynamic balance compared with before and after assessment between the experimental and the control group, and found differences in AP index of static and dynamic balance (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Kinesio taping may not influence the balance of FAI as great as people expected. VR approach does not affect the static balance of FAI, but it influences dynamic balance in overall, AP, ML index. The authors suggest that VR-based exercises can be used as an additional concept in clinicians for FAI or as part of a home program because the exercises still have limitations.