본 연구에서는 문헌조사를 통해 국내외 연안의 경관관리제도를 분석하였으며 먼저 연안의 경관관리에 앞서 가는 미국과 일본 연안도시에서 연안의 경관관리제도를 분석하였고 다음으로 우리나라 연안의 경관관리제도와 부산 연안의 경관관리제도의 현황과 문제점을 분석하였다. 이를 바탕으로 현행 관리체계 내에서 부산 연안의 경관관리제도 개선 방안을 제시하고 동시에 연안의 경관관리제도의 장기적인 개선 방향을 제시하였다. 본 연구결과 연안의 경관은 육지 경관과 바다 경관이 어우러져 구성되기 때문에 도시계획측면에서 보다는 연안관리차원에서 통합적인 관리가 필요하다 이를 위해 연안관리법을 기반으로 지역별로 연안경관관리조례를 만들어 구체적인 연안의 경관관리가 이루어져야 한다. 특히 연안의 경관 특성에 따라 연안경관관리지역을 설정하고 그 안에 경관보전지구, 경관회복지구, 경관계획지구를 두어 지구별로 관리하며 지역의 경관종합계획과 지구별 경관계획지침을 세워야 한다

The vertical structure of atmosphere was observed to investigate the variation of surface ozone concentration by vertical downward mixing of residual ozone in the atmospheric boundary layer at the Busan coastal area. Airsonde and pilot balloon measurements were made at Gamcheondong and the Kimhae airport for April 26∼27, 1996. The vertical profile of potential temperature showed a residual layer between 510m and 1800m from 2100LST April 26 to 0900LST April 27. The downward mixing of ozone in the residual layer of the atmospheric boundary layer was confirmed from vertical profile of mixing ratio near 600m in the morning. The thickness of the sea breeze layer was 900m at 1500LST April 26. Thereafter, it become to be lowered with time. A low level jet was measured near 900m at 0300LST on April 27 from a pibal measurement. Early morning sharp increase of surface ozone concentration at the Busan coastal area was caused by vertical downward mixing of ozone concentration rather than by photochemical reaction in the atmospheric boundary layer.

Marine Casualties cause the loss of hmm lives, properties and marine pollution. The prevention of marine accidents has been a major topic in marine society and various policies and countermeasures have been developed, applied to the industries. The coastal VTS and navigational aids are considered as one of the effective methods to promote marine safety but they need relatively huge amount of budgets to build. Thus prior to establishing these coastal VTS and navigational aids, it should be evaluated the navigational safety level in the coastal waterways in concern. So far as human beings are concerned, there are many types of fuzziness in the evaluation of navigational safety level. In order to reflect these fuzziness on this evaluation, this paper introduces the fuzzy measure and integral to represent the fuzziness in the evaluation process. Therefore this paper aims to develop the method for this evaluation using the fuzzy measure and integral. In this paper, Korean coastal area is divided into 8 sectors and evaluated the priority for the needs of coastal VTS and navigational aids. The results are found as order as Mokpo, Yosu, Pohang, Busan, Inchon, Geoje, Gunsan, Donghae coastal area.

To investigate air quality away from the coastal urban source region, we used a hybrid Eulerian-Lagrangian method which can describe the formation, transport, transformation and deposition processes in complex terrain. with inclusion of shipping sources that were considered to be important emission in the coastal urban region. The result of the Eulerian advection - diffusion prediction was quite similar to that of the Lagrangian particle diffusion prediction. It showed that pollutants emitted from piers can affect the part of inland, especially Dongrae and the coastal area. Those emitted from Sasang and Janglim industrial complexes can affect Hwamyeong and the coastal, respectively. During the daytime the concentration was low due to large deposition flux and terrain effect.

In an attempt to evaluate the possibility of producing an organic fertilizer using sediments from coastal farming areas, the chemical composition, bacteriological quality and heavy metals in the sediments alkalized by quicklime and magnesium hydroxide were analyzed. The optimum reaction was obtained from the following conditions : a 1:4 mixture of dry sediment to food wastes and the addition of 30% quicklime to the mixture. According to the classification standard for compost constituent by Higgins, all composts had a low or intermediate grade in T-N and K2O content, a low grade in P2O5 and a high grade in CaO and MgO content. Stabilization by quicklime and magnesium hydroxide is likely to inhibit the bacterial decomposition of organic matter and the activity of pathogenic organisms. Raising the pH of stabilized sediments to 12 for 2 hours(PSRP criteria of EPA) allowed 99.99% of the coliform group, fecal group and viable cell count to be reduced. The results suggested that the crude fertilizer produced by alkaline stabilization method was innoxious and thereby the sediments from coastal farming areas could be used as organic fertilizer.

이 연구는 항만교통정보센터의 시스템 확충 및 연안 선박교통관리제도의 도입에는 많은 비용이 소요되기 때문에 비용과 편익을 비교하여 타당성을 조사하고자 한다. 따라서 비용과 편익을 분석하는데 중요한 기초자료가 되는 사고예방효과를 추정하고자 한다. 추정의 방법은 거제해역에서 발생한 해양사고를 분석하여 원인요소를 도출한 후 이를 설문문항으로 구성하여 항만교통정보센터의 운영요원을 대상으로 설문을 실시한다. 연안 선박교통관리제도의 도입에 의한 사고예방효과는 충돌사고에서 55.572%, 좌초사고에서 51.667%로 추정되었다. 또한 인적요소와 환경요소에 의한 효과는 높지만 기술적 요소에 의한 효과는 미미한 것으로 분석되었다.

The magnitudes of sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies at 13 coastal stations along the Korean peninsula in the summer and winter for the past 29years (1969-1997) are more larger than those in the spring and autumn. The periods of positive SST anomalies (negative SST anomalies) longer than 1℃ were 75(74.5) months in the eastern coast of Korea, 47.8(51.6) months in the southern coast of Korea and 69.5(69.8) months in the western coast of Korea during the past 348 months (1969-1997). The predominant periods of the low-pass filtered monthly SST anomalies are 3 years or 13 months, even another predominant period is 24 months. The spatial variation of SST anomalies were confined by regional seas of the Korean peninsula, such as the East Sea, the South Sea and the West Sea itself.

국립수산진흥원의 한국 연안 어장환경 오염조사 결과 보고서를 사용하여, 인천 연안역의 수온 및 염분의 계절변화의 특성을 살펴 보았다. 수온의 연변화는 인천항과 소래에 이르는 조간대 해역이 만의 바깥쪽 해역보다도 수온의 연평균이 높고, 진폭도 크며, 위상도 빨랐다. 염분의 연변화는 인천항과 소래에 이르는 조간대 해역이만의 바깥쪽 해역보다도 연평균은 낮고, 진폭은 크며, 위상은 느리게 나타났다. 이러한 특성은 T-S도를 이용하여 나타낸 수괴의 계절 변화에서도 뚜렷하게 볼 수 있었다. 즉, 인천 연안역의 수괴는 수온과 염분의 연교차가 큰 인천과 소래에 이르는 조간대 해역과 염분 변동에 영향을 주는 강수나 증발, 담수 유입의 계절적 변화에 비교적 영향을 적게 받는 만의 바깥쪽 해역으로 구분할 수 있었다. 또한 얕은 수심과 강한 조류로 인하여 수층이 연중 거의 혼합된 분포를 보이고 있었다.

A sea/land breeze circulation system and a regional scale circulation system are formed at a region which has complex terrain around coastal area and affect to the dispersion and advection of air pollutants. Therefore, it is important that atmospheric circulation model should be well designed for the simulation of regional dispersion of air pollutants. For this, Local Circulation Model, LCM which has an ability of high resolution is used. To verify the propriety of a LCM, we compared the simulation result of LCM with an exact solution of a linear theory over a simple topography. Since they presented almost the same value and pattern of a vertical velocity at the level of 1 ㎞, we had a reliance of a LCM. For the prediction of dispersion and advection of air pollutants, the wind field should be calculated with high accuracy. A numerical simulation using LCM will provide more accurate results over a complex terrain around coastal area.

This paper aims, first to analyse the profitability of coastal passenger ships deployed on both subsidized and non-subsidized routes, ie competitive routes, in Korea, second to evaluate them by route, by ship type, and by ship size, and finally to identify whether the ships deployed on subsidized routes are justifiable to receive subsidy from the government. They are followed by the analyses on the profitability of all ships on the coastal routes and their dependence rate of subsidy. The research covers the period of 1995-1997. The research results say that 35% of the total subsidized routes has more than 90% of subsidy dependence rate and that some monopolized routes among subsidized ones with moderate rate of profitability need to be crossed out from the list of subsidy beneficiary. In addition, some ships deployed are not appropriate type in terms of characteristics of route and traffic. One of implications drawn from this study is that the government has to set up a watchdog to monitor subsidized routes, which enables to make them competitive and save the budget.

To study the residue of organophosphorus pesticides in the ocean environment on the Cheju island, EPN[O-ethyl-O-4-nitrophenyl phenylphosphonothioate] and monocrotophos [Dimethyl-1-methyl-2-methy] carbamoylvinylphosphate] of organophosphorus pesticides are surveyed on coastal environment of Cheju city and Wimi in May and October 1996. The qualified limit detection of EPN and monocrotophos are 0.005ng/mL and 0.006ng/mL., in the water by GC-FPD, respectively. The qualified limit detection of EPN and monocrotophos are 0.010ng/g and 0.012ng/g in the solid such as sediment and sea organism by GC-FPD, respectively. EPN and monocrotophos are not detected in seawater and sediment. Moreover EPN and monocrotophos are neither detected in seaweed cava (Ecklonia cava), Agar (Gelidium amansii), turban sell(Batillus cornutus) and sea urchin(Anthocidaris Crassispina). EPN, monocrotophos used in the farm on the Cheju island are not residued in the coastal environment in the Cheju island.

Based on the monthly weather report of Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA) and daily sea surface temperature (SST) in Incheon harbor of National Fisheries Research and Development Institute, heat budget in Incheon coastal area was estimated. The temperature differences between the sea surface and near bottom were nearly within 1℃. This indicate the mixing from the sea surface and the bottom. The net heat flux through the sea surface and the advection through the inner and outer bay was affected uniformly to the water body in Incheon coastal area. The net heat flux was about 110W/㎡ in maximum value on May, about -80W/㎡ in minimum on January. The net heat flux through the sea surface from the solar radiation was about 2.35 × 105W during the year. This heat flux flew out the bay through the advection by the same flux.

This study was performed to investigate the characteristics of nocturnal maximum ozone occurrence and the meteorological relevance using to hourly ozone data and meteorological data for 1995∼1996 in Pusan coastal area. Kwangbokdong showed the highest occurrence of nocturnal maximum ozone as 36.9%, and Deokcheondong showed the lowest occurrence(9.2%) for research period in Pusan. The occurrence rates of nocturnal maximum ozone concentration were decreased toward land area. The low maximum temperature, high minimum temperature, low diurnal range, high relative humidity, high wind speed, high cloud amount, low sunshine and low radiation were closely related to the main meteorological characteristics occurring the nocturnal maximum concentration of ozone. It was shown that normal daily variation of ozone concentration by strong photochemical reaction at the before day of nocturnal maximum ozone. The concentration of nocturnal maximum ozone were occured by entrainment of ozone from the upper layer of developed mixing layer. There are no ozone sources near the ground at night, so that the nighttime ozone should be entrained from the upper layer by forced convection.

The construction of the coastal structures and reclamation work causes the circulation reduced in the semi-closed inner water area and the unbalanced sediment budget of beach results in an alteration of beach topography. Among the various fluid motions in the nearshore zone water particle motion due to wave and wave-induced currents are the most responsible for sediment movement. Therefore it is needed to predict the effect of the environmental change because of development and so the prediction of wave transformation dose. The purpose of this study is to introduce the relation between waves wave-induced currents and sediment movement. In this study we will show numerical method using energy conservation equation involving reflection diffraction and reflection and the surfzone energy dissipation term due to wave breaking is included in the basic equation. For the wave-induced current the momentum equation was combined with radiation stresses lateral mixing and friction Various information is required in the prediction of wave-induced current depending on the prediction tool. We can predict changes in wave-induced current from the distribution of wave especially near the wave breaking zone. To evaluate these quantities we have to know the local condition of waves mean sea level and so on. The results from the wave field and wave-induced current field deformation models are used as input data of the sediment transport and bottom change model. Numerical model were established by a finite difference method then were applied to the development plan of the eastern Pusan coastal zone Yeonhwa-ri and Daebyun fishing port. We represented the result with 2-D graphics and made comparison between before and after development.

This study was carried out to evaluate off-shore water quality and to draw marine pollution map to Southern sea in Korea by bioassay using gametes and early development system of Asterias amurensis. From the bioassay, it was determined that the water qualites of Southern sea maintained the grade Ⅱ, because development of A. amurensis were moderately inhibited. However, Sunchon, Kwangyang, and Jinhae Bay belonged to grade Ⅲ, because development of A. amurensis were strongly inhibited. This could be due to the inflows of several river systems and poor water circulation. The water quality at Yosu island was the grade I, because A. amurensis were not inhibited in its early development.

The two-stage numerical model was used to study the relation between three-dimensional local wind model, advection/diffusion model of random walk method and second moment method in western coastal area for Korean peninsula. The first stage is three dimensional time-dependent local wind model which gives the wind field and vertical diffusion coefficient. The second stage is advection/diffusion model which uses the results of the first stage as input data. First, wind fields on Korean peninsula for none synoptic scale wind showed typical land and sea breeze circulation, and the emitted particles were transported by sea breeze for daytime, emissions return to sea by land breeze for nighttime.

The objective of this study was to enforce systematic evaluation on the present condition and ecosystem of coastal wetland to use frame of environmental indicators, For this, the indicators for evaluation of coastal wetland were established and were applied to the present condition. Then, the application possibility of this evaluation indicators and management method by group of coastal method are presented. These results present the following consideration in case that the ideal management method on the conservation and development of coastal wetlands was proposed. In case of Kang-hwa island which had the good natural environment, the mlnimum development with maintenance of the present state must be driven. In case of Tae-an which had the good natural environment and development potential, the development that was in harmony with the nature must to be driven. In case of Seo-chon which was previously developed region, the various development programs which had the minimum effects on the natural, living and socio . economic environment must to be provided.

The intensive meteorological observations including pibal balloon at Ungcheon, airsonde and 10m meteorological tower observations at Gulup-Do, where are located in the western coastal region, are taken to investigate the characteristics of the upper and lower atmospheric structure and the local circulation pattern during the period of 17 to 22 September 1996. The diurnal variations of weather elements(i.e, air temperature, humidity, pressure, and wind speed) at Gulup-Do are analyzed and discussed with those at four inland meteorological stations. The vertical profiles of wind vector, orthogonality(Ω), and shear obtained from the pibal observations are also presented to examine the change of wind structure according to the synoptic-scale pressure system`s movement. The diurnal temperature changes at Gulup-Do are more sensitive than that of inland meteorological stations in case of the inflow of southwesterlies but are not dominant due to the ocean effect under the influence of relatively cold northerlies. A well defined mixed layer is developed from the 500m to the maximum 1700m with a significant capping inversion layer on the top of it. It can be found from the vertical profiles of wind vector that the wind become generally strong at the interface heights between cloud layers and non-cloud layers. The maximum wind shear is appeared at the height where the variation of wind direction induced by the passage of synoptic-scale pressure system is accompanied with the increase of wind speed. Based on the wind orthogonality, the change of wind direction with height is more complicated in cloudy day than in clear day. In case of a fair weather, the change of wind direction is showed to be at around 2㎞

The water quality and phytoplankton communities of the coastal waters of Inchon were investigated 4 times from May, 1995 to January, 1996. The characteristic of the study was shallow muddy bottom environment with high SS concentration. The water qualities were belong to the category of I-grade in DO, Ⅱ to Ⅲ grade in COD and Ⅲ-grade in inorganic nutrients such as T-N and T-P. Total 136 species of phytoplankton were observed in this study and species richness was on the decrease compared with the results of previous studies. The mean of phytoplankton species diversities was 1.93, decreased in recent years and the value in autumn was slightly higher than that in other seasons.