For introducing the groundwater quality assessment using background concentration of groundwater, several methods had been studied to estimate the background concentration of groundwater and to suggest the background concentration of study area. Some methods such as Box whisker plot, Percentile and Cumulative probability distribution had been adopted to estimate background concentration, and it was evaluated that the Cumulative probability distribution method presents more reasonable background concentration because it can consider the data distribution. So we estimated the background concentration of study area using cumulative probability distribution method. We suggested the background concentration for each hydrogeology respectively in case hydrogeological water quality similarity is very low.

본 연구에서는 VDT(Visual Display Terminals) 환경에서 배경색과 가독성의 상관관계를 알아보았다. 본 실험에 앞서 예비실험으로 색 온도가 다른 White 지각도를 알아보았으며, 실험 자극물은 태블릿 PC를 활용하였다. 실험 환경은 주광과 야외광이 함께 공존할 수 있는 창가에서 실험 자극물을 제시하였다. White 지각도의 인식과 선호 결과 중·단파장계열의 Nearly Whites 색에서 백색에 대한 높은 선호도와 인식도를 보였다. 이러한 예비실험 결과를 바탕으로 본 연구에서는 동일한 실험 환경과 실험 기기를 가지고 빨간색, 초록색, 파란색, 노란색의 총 4가지 Nearly Whites와 한 가지 백색을 배경색으로 사용하여 배색 평가, 가독성, 피로도를 조사하였다. 또한, 글자는 검은색으로 제한하였다. 그 결과, 초록색의 Nearly White 배경색에서 가독성과 배색 평가가 높게 나타났으며, 가독시 느끼는 피로도는 가장 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 이와 반대로 빨간색의 Nearly White 배경색에서는 가독성과 배색 평가가 가장 낮게 나타났으며, 가독 시 느끼는 피로도는 가장 높은 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 연구 결과를 통해서 VDT 환경에서의 가독성을 향상시키며, 눈의 피로도를 낮출 수 있는 배경색을 제안해 보고자한다.

Camouflage can be attained via mechanisms such as background matching (resembling the general background) and disruptive coloration (hindering the detection of an animal’s outline). However, despite much conceptual work with artificial stimuli there have to date been few studies of how such camouflage types work in real animals in their natural environments. Here, using avian vision models and image analysis, we tested which concealing mechanisms operate to provide camouflage during behavioral choice of a resting position in two bark-resting moths, Hypomecis roboraria and Jankowskia fuscaria. We found that both species reinforced their crypticity in terms of both background matching and disruptive coloration. However the detailed mechanisms (such as achromatic/chromatic matching or pattern direction matching) that each species exploits differed between the two species. Additionally, we found substantial correlation between the degree of background matching and disruptive coloration, which supports previous work suggesting that these two different concealing mechanisms work together to confer camouflage. Our results clearly demonstrate that an appropriate behavioral choice of background is essential to improve camouflaged against natural predators, and highlight the interrelation between different concealing mechanisms in real prey.

This study proposed game background content production according to game genre characteristics. Above all, this study classified game background characteristics according to game genre for game background production. Game background intuitively displays a whole game and interfaces with game players. Game background is the player’s space significantly important because it gives interest and immersion of the game to the player. This study analyzed Dungeon background content production for online game PRG genre. For production of Dungeon game background contents, it is necessary to consider periodic, cultural, historical, artificial, virtual, environmental elements including periodic backgrounds and fantasy elements as background environment set elements. And it is necessary to collect related materials, establish content images, and actualize them. After completing establishment and actualization, it is necessary to finish background work by producing 3D contents based on the original picture. This study produced 2D Dungeon background contents with Photoshop and 3D with MAX, resulting in satisfactory production. From the results of analyzing Dungeon game background contents, it was found that most of content production was conducted under dark and fantasy tones with the sense of medieval weights. For future studies, it is needed to research content production with regard to various genre backgrounds and for high quality background content production.

Spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) developed into sperms through spermatogenesis have been utilized as a useful tool in the field of regenerative medicine and infertility. However, a small number of highly qualified SSCs are resided in the seminiferous tubule of testis, resulted in developing effective in-vitro culture system of SSCs for solving simultaneously quantitative and qualitative problems. Presently, SSCs can be enriched on testicular stromal cells (TSCs), but there are no systematic researches about TSC culture. Therefore, we tried to optimize culture condition of TSCs derived from mouse with different strains. For these, proliferation and viability were measured and compared by culturing ICR outbred or DBA/2 inbred mouse-derived TSCs at 35 or 37℃. In case of ICR strain, primary TSCs cultured at 37℃ showed significantly higher proliferation and viability than those at 35℃ and significant increase of proliferation and viability in sub-passaged TSCs was detected in the 35℃ culture condition. Moreover, sub-passage of primary TSCs at 35℃ induced no significant effects on proliferation and viability. In contrast, in case of DBA/2 strain, significantly improved proliferation were detected in the primary TSCs cultured at 35℃, which showed no significant difference in the viability, compared to those at 37℃. Furthermore, sub-passaged TSCs cultured at 37℃ showed no significant differences in proliferation and viability, compared to those at 35℃. However, with significant decrease of proliferation induced by sub-passage of primary TSCs at 35℃, no significant effects on proliferation and viability were resulted from sub-passage of primary TSCs at 37℃. From these results, culture temperature of primary TSCs derived from outbred and inbred strain of mouse could be separately optimized in primary culture and subculture.

This study proposes that general users will produce UHD image contents or game background image. UHD realistic image gives reality with a 4K ultra high‐definition large screen. However, UHD contents are relatively lacked. In order to produce UHD contents, 4K images are needed. As shooting equipment is expensive, HD image is converted through upscale or pull down. Accordingly, in this study, we propose to take 4K definition static image with general camera to produce UHD contents, and to insert sound and effects and to sync using editing program. For experiment, we used 15 seconds' length image in 3840x2160 and 4096x2304 resolution respectively. In the experiment, it was found that image quality and volume increased and sense of reality changed according to definition and high frame rate. As another experiment, we used 15 seconds' length HD image in 3840x2160 resolution using high frame rate method. In the experiment, it was found that image quality, volume and sense of reality were changed according to high frame rate.

This study proposes a 3D realistic moving picture project for video game content production. It is expected that applying 3D realistic moving picture to background moving picture project and/or content moving picture project in the existing video game contents will eventually increase the reality and pleasure of game. It is also expected that playing stereoscopic games will increase players’ commitment to the game and that participating high visual artistic works will decrease their psychological stress, yielding their mental tranquility and pleasure. By understanding principles and file formats of 3D realistic moving picture project, more frequent application of 3D realistic moving picture project will hopefully be made in various fields of games in the future.

본 연구에서는 인천광역시의 37개 사업장(공장)을 대상으로 작업현장의 소음을 측정 및 분석하여 소음이 화재경보음 인지에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 측정결과 평균소음이 95.8dB(A)나왔다. 이는 국내 경보장치 음량기준(화재경보음 발생장치에서 1m떨어진 곳에서 90dB이상)보다 5.8dB(A)높게 나왔다. 미국방화협회(NFPA)에 따르면 암소음(기기음)이 85dB(A)이거나 이상일 경우 화재경보음 인지정도가 미흡하기 때문에 다른 방법을 강구하도록 되어 있다. 또한 화재경보음은 암소음보다 15dB(A) 높아야 한다고 하고 있다. 따라서 주변의 환경을 무시한 획일적인 화재경보음 설계에 대해서 제도적 및 법적 개선이 필요하다고 사료된다.

본고는 1810년 유배지에서 지은 李學逵의 ｢城市全圖詩｣가 현전하는 다른 8종 의 ｢성시전도시｣와는 그 성격을 크게 달리한다는 점에 착안하여, 이 장편시의 창 작 배경과 특성을 규명하고자 하였다. 이학규는 규장각에 출입하며 ｢성시전도｣와 관련된 전고와 사실을 익히 알고 있었으며, 또한 화가 김홍도와 교유하고 명청의 화론서에 식견이 풍부하였으므로, ｢성시전도시｣ 창작이 용이하게 이뤄질 수 있었 다. 특히 평소 친분이 있었던 박제가의 ｢성시전도시｣를 보게 된 것이 이 장편시 창작의 결정적 계기가 되었다고 판단된다. 이학규의 ｢성시전도시｣는 크게 보아 전반부의 서울 도성의 사실적 묘사와 후반 부의 자기고백적 悲歌로 구분된다. 그는 이 시의 후반부에서 현실을 상상으로 이 상화시켜 이해하거나 과거의 고향을 회상함으로써, 불우한 문인의 정신적 고뇌와 우수의 정감을 망상과 상상의 방식으로 해소하는 모습을 보였다. 이학규는 관각문장의 성향이 굳어져 그 표현의 길이 극히 제한된 ｢성시전도시｣ 양식을 차용하여, 거기에 자기고백적 서정성을 담아내는 새로운 성취를 이루었다. 이 점에서 이학규의 ｢성시전도시｣는 박제가․신택권의 시와 동일한 층위에 놓일 수 없는 보다 고유한 영역을 확보했다고 평가된다.

We report a search for fluctuations of the sky brightness toward the North Ecliptic Pole with AKARI, at 2.4, 3.2, and 4.1 μm . The stacked images with a diameter of 10 arcminutes of the AKARI-Monitor Field show a spatial structure on the scale of a few hundred arcseconds. A power spectrum analysis shows that there is a significant excess fluctuation at angular scales larger than 100 arcseconds that cannot be explained by zodiacal light, diffuse Galactic light, shot noise of faint galaxies, or clustering of low-redshift galaxies. These findings indicate that the detected fluctuation could be attributed to the first stars of the universe, i.e., Population III stars.

We present new constraints on the cosmic optical background (COB) obtained from an analysis of the Pioneer 10/11 Imaging Photopolarimeter (IPP) data. After careful examination of the data quality, the usable measurements free from the zodiacal light are integrated into sky maps at the blue ( ∼0.44μm) and red (∼0.64μm ) bands. Accurate starlight subtraction was achieved by referring to all-sky star catalogs and a Galactic stellar population synthesis model down to 32.0 mag. We find that the residual light is separated into two components: one component shows a clear correlation with the thermal 100μm brightness, whilst the other shows a constant level in the lowest 100μm brightness region. The presence of the second component is significant after all the uncertainties and possible residual light in the Galaxy are taken into account, thus it most likely has an extragalactic origin (i.e., the COB). The derived COB brightness is ((1.8±0.9)×10−9 and (1.2±0.9)×10−9ergs−1cm−2sr−1 \AA−1 in the blue and red spectral regions, respectively, or 7.9±4.0 and 7.7±5.8nWm−2sr−1 . Based on a comparison with the integrated brightness of galaxies, we conclude that the bulk of the COB is comprised of normal galaxies which have already been resolved by the current deepest observations. There seems to be little room for contributions from other populations including "first stars" at these wavelengths. On the other hand, the first component of the IPP residual light represents the diffuse Galactic light (DGL)-scattered starlight by the interstellar dust. We derive the mean DGL-to- 100μm brightness ratios of 2.1×10−3 and 4.6×10−3 at the two bands, which are roughly consistent with previous observations toward denser dust regions. Extended red emission in the diffuse interstellar medium is also confirmed.

김이사부는 신라사와 민족사에서 의미깊은 역할을 담당했다. 현재의 울릉도인 우산국을 공격하여 복속시켜 동해중부의 해상권을 장악하였다. 이후 울릉도와 독도는 우리 역사의 한 부분이 되었다. 또한 신라의 해양력을 강화시켜 삼국을 통일하는 토대를 마련하였다. 21세기는 강대국들 간의 해양력 경쟁이 불가피하다. 한국 및 중국 러시아 일본은 동해에서 갈등과 충돌이 예상된다. 이러한 상황 속에서 이사부는 역사적으로 재조명할 필요가 있으며, 미래의 인물 내지 정책 모델로서 삼을 필요가 있다. 기념일을 제정하려면 몇 가지 기준이 필요하다. 첫째, 김이사부의 행위, 신라의 정책과 사상성, 동해와 울릉도의 실질적인 위상과 정신성 등을 반영하는 과정이 필요하다. 둘째 김이사부를 군사적 영웅으로만 해석하거나 부각시키지 말고 정치가로서 부각시키는 관점이 필요하다. 셋째, 김이사부의 우산국복속을 현재적 의미, 미래적 가치를 학문적이고, 과학적인 접근으로 추구하는 자세가 필요하다. 넷째, 기념일은 역사기록을 존중하여 음력 6월에 해당하는 7월 하순또는 8월 초순이 바람직하고, 한민족의 사상성과 민속, 미래가치를 지향해서 3일을 택하는 것이 바람직하다.

In the process of using Chinese characters, there are appearances that semantic of characters used in context are different from the glyphs. The chinese writing system makes use of the ideographic elastic category to adjustoriginalpictophonetic characters and maintains effectively its own ideographic features.

There is a temple drawing called Monk Daegwak's Joongchanggundo at Seon-Am Temple of which the time of creation is unknown. This drawing shows the details of Seon-Am Temple and surrounding areas well, which helps to understand the construction of Seon-Am Temple and other small mountain temples. The records on the top also describe the surrounding landscape in the Fengshui aspect, and describes the number of buildings at Seon-Am Temple. According to the construction style that gives clues about the age of this drawing, the time range can be narrowed down in order to approximate the age of this drawing through the Buddhist trends of Seon-Am Temple. In the results, it was estimated that the drawing dates back to the time when Seon-Am Temple flourished in the mid-18th Century as it's competition with the temple of Songgwang actually began. Buddhism considers the relationship between teacher and student as the most important and the principals were delivered through this relationship. Therefore, the activities to increase the connection between monks and this drawing were created in order to indicate the atmosphere of the Seon-Am Temple of the time.