P. linteus(품종명: 고려상황, PLKS)와 P. baumii (장수 상황, PBJS)를 동일한 조건하에서 인공재배하여 얻어진 자실체를 70% 메탄올, 60% 에탄올, 열수추출하여 폴리페놀과 플라보노이드 측정 시 함량은 60%에탄올 추출물에서 가장 높게 나타났다. 60%에탄올을 용매로 PLKS와 PBJS의 자실체를 추출하여 농도별로 DPPH (2,2-diphenyl- 1-picrylhydrazyl), ABTS (2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbisthiazoline- 6-sulfonic acid) 라디칼 소거능을 측정한 결과 PLKS와 PBJS는 거의 유사한 항산화 활성을 보였으며 자실체가 균사체보다 2-3배 이상 높은 항산화 활성이 측정되었으나 FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power)분석에서는 자실체와 균사체 간에 큰 차이가 없는 것을 확인하였다. PLKS와 PBJS의 자실체 ethyl acetate 분획물을 HPLC 분석한 결과 styrylpyrone 계 폴리페놀 성분인 davallialactone, hispidin, hypholomine B, inoscavin A를 검출할 수 있었으나 균사체에서는 검출되지 않아 자실체 특이적인 화합물인 것을 확인하였다.

The concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and odor-inducing substances were measured using selected ion flow tube mass spectrometers (SIFT-MS) and a drone equipped with an air quality monitoring system. SIFT-MS can continuously measure the concentration of VOCs and odor-inducing substances in realtime without any pre-treating steps for the sample. The vehicle with SIFT-MS was used for real-time measurement of VOC concentration at the site boundaries of pollution sources. It is possible to directly analyze VOCs concentration generated at the outlets by capturing air from the pollution sources with a drone. VOCs concentrations of nine spots from Banwol National Industrial Complex were measured by a vehicle equipped with SIFT-MS and were compared with the background concentration measured inside the Metropolitan Air Quality Management Office. In three out of the nine spots, the concentration of toluene, xylene, hydrogen sulfide, and methyl ethyl ketone was shown to be much higher than the background concentration. The VOCs concentrations obtained using drones for high-concentration suspected areas showed similar tendencies as those measured using the vehicle with SIFTMS at the site boundary. We showed that if both the drone and real-time air quality monitoring equipment are used to measure VOCs concentration, it is possible to identify the pollutant sources at the industrial complex quickly and efficiently check sites with high concentrations of VOCs.

웅취는 돼지고기의 이취로서 소비자의 소비성에 부정적인 영향을 미친다. 웅취는 거세를 하지 않은 수퇘지의 지방조직에 안드로스테 논, 스카톨 및 인돌과 같은 호르몬의 축적으로 인한 것이다. 본 연구는 웅취에 영향을 미치는 호르몬과 성장 및 번식 형질간의 유전상관도 를 추정하고 동물복지측면에서 웅취 호르몬이 낮은 수퇘지를 개발하기 위해 수행되었다. 본 연구를 위하여 3개 품종, Duroc, Landrace, Yorskhire 517두를 공시돈으로 수행하였다. 웅취 호르몬 분석을 위한 샘플채취는 수퇘지의 목부위 지방을 바이옵시 방식으로 채취하여 각 품종별 안드로스테논, 스카톨 및 인돌을 분석하였다. 안드로스테논 분석 결과, Duroc 품종이 1.684 ug/g으로 가장 높았고, 타 품종은 0.875-0.920 ug/g으로 상대적으로 낮았다. 스카톨의 농도는 Yorskhire가 0.095 ug/g으로 가장 높았고 인돌은 Duroc이 0.058 ug/g으로 가장 높았다. 품종과 개체에 따라서 3종류 웅취 호르몬의 농도 차이는 매우 컸다. 안드로스테논, 스카톨 및 인돌의 유전력은 0.40, 0.17 및 0.01으로, 안드로스테논의 유전력이 가장 높았다. 웅취 호르몬 농도와 다른 경제 형질(성장 및 번식 형질) 사이의 유전적 상관관계를 조사하였으나, 웅취 농도와의 상관관계는 매우 낮았다. 웅취 호르몬의 농도가 유전력도 높고 개체별 차이가 크고 다른 경제 형질과의 유전적 상관도가 낮기 때문에, 육종을 통한 저 웅취 부계 종돈 작출이 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

Fibrous adsorbents, such as activated carbon fibers (ACF) have acknowledged advantages of rapid adsorption rate and ease of modification compared with granular and powdered adsorbents. Based on the surface modification of lyocell-based ACF, we observed different surface characteristics of ACF samples with variation in the mixing ratio and impregnation time of H3PO4, NaCl, and KMnO4 solution. For an engineering application, we also explored the adsorption characteristics of thusproduced ACF samples onto volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Isothermal adsorption experiments were performed using toluene and benzene as adsorbates. Results indicate that both physical and chemical surface properties have an effect on the adsorption of volatile organic compounds (VOCs).

Lilium dauricum is a rare and endangered species belonging to the family Liliaceae. The species contains several bioactive compounds used as functional foods and medicinal agents in Northeast Asia. This study aimed (1) to establish an in vitro bulblet culture using an air-lift bioreactor and callus culture for the conservation of L. dauricum and obtaining its bioactive compounds; (2) investigate the plant phenolic compounds from both cultures system. The highest bulblet production with 12.5-fold increase in growth rate was obtained using MS medium supplemented with 0.5 g L-1 BA and 3% sucrose. Addition of 7% sucrose facilitated bulblet enlargement, with approximate 2.5- and 7-fold increases in diameter and fresh weight, respectively. The highest rate of callus (100%) was obtained using a combination of 1.0 mg L-1 picloram and 0.5 mg L-1 Kinetin. The callus proliferation occurred on MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg L-1 picloram, 0.25 mg L-1 kinetin, and 0.25 g L-1 casein hydrolysate. There was a significant difference in the total phenolic compound content of callus, which was 1.5-fold higher than that in the bulblets. These findings indicate a suitable system for optimizing both bulblet and callus culture of L. dauricum, therefore, providing useful bio-materials for industrial purposes and contributing to the conservation of this species.

The chemical informs about 70 individual phenolic compounds were constructed from various lettuce samples based on literature sources and analytical data. A total of 30 phenolic compounds including quercetin 3-O-glucuronide, quercetin 3-O-(6''-O- malonyl) glucoside, cyanidin 3-O-(6''-O-malonyl)glucoside, chlorogenic acid and chicoric acid as major components were identified in 6 lettuce samples from Korea using UPLC-DAD-QToF/MS on the basis of constructed library. Among these, quercetin 3,7-di-O-glucoside(m/z 627 [M+H]+), quercetin 3-O-(2''-O-malonyl)glucoside(morkotin C, m/z 551 [M+H]+), quercetin 3-O-(6''- O-malonyl)glucoside methyl ester(m/z 565 [M+H]+), 5-O-cis-p-coumaroylquinic acid(m/z 339 [M+H]+) and 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid methyl ester(m/z 369 [M+H]+) were newly confirmed from the lettuce samples. In total content of phenolic compounds, 4 red lettuce samples(2,947.7~7,535.6 mg/100 g, dry weight) showed higher than green lettuce(2,687.3 mg) and head lettuce(320.1 mg).

In this paper, nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide(rGO) is obtained by thermal annealing of nitrogen-containing compounds and graphene oxide (GO) manufactured by modified Hummers' method. We use melamine as a nitrogen-containing compound and treat GO thermally with melamine at over 800 ~ 1,000℃ and 1 ~ 3 hr under Ar atmosphere. The electrical conductivity of doped rGO is measured by 4-point probe method. As a result, nitrogen contents on rGO are found to be in the range of 2.5 to 12.5 at% depending on the doping conditions after thermal annealing. The main doping site on graphene oxide is changed from pyridinic-N and pyrrolinic N to the graphitic site as the heat treatment temperature increases. The electrical conductivity of doped rGO increases as the N doping content increases. As the thermal treatment time increases, the change of both total doping contents and doping sites is slight and the surface resistance is remarkably reduced, which is caused by healing effects of doped graphene oxide at high temperature.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the quality characteristics and volatile flavor components of Doonuri wine, using freeze concentration. The freeze concentration can increase the sugar concentration in grape juice by reducing its water content. In this study, after eight days od fermentation, the alcohol content of freeze-concentrated Doonuri wines was 12.5~14.1%. The pH of the wine was 3.42~3.50 and the total acid content was 0.68~0.94 g/100 mL, respectively. The brghtness of freeze-concentrated Doonuri wines was 19.28~54.42, the redness was 41.98~49.58, and the yellowness was 36.16~42.36. The organic acid analysis of Doonuri wines was that most of the organic acids contain tartaric and malic acid. By using freeze concentration with grape juice, significant increase in the total polyphenol content of Doonuri wines was 122.40~137.26 mg/mL, the total anthocyanin content was 117.06~ 118.40 mg/L and the tannic acid content was 66.23~83.70 mg%. In GC/MS analysis, the volatile flavor component analysis of Doonuri wines identified six alcohols, five esters, two ketones, on acid, two alkanes, and four other compounds.

In this study, we analyzed the nutritional composition properties of soybeans and the organic acids, amino acids and volatile flavor compounds of fermented soybean products. We used five soybean cultivars including Pyeongwon, Jinpung, Saedanbaek, Saeolkong and Cheonga for this experiment. Physicochemical analysis of soybeans, showed that the cured protein and fat contents were 35.12∼45.12 and 14.26∼20.14%, respectively. The rank order of major organic acids was lactic acid > acetic acid > fumaric acid, with Saedanbaek being the highest. Total amino acid content of the samples was 358.12∼657.28 mg/100 g, and glutamic acid, alanine, cysteine, valine, leucine, histidine and arginine were the major amino acids. We identified a total of 34 volatile aroma-compounds, including 7 alcohols, 7 acids, 7 ketones, 5 phenols, 2 esters, 1 furan, 4 pyrazines, and 1 miscellaneous compounds. As a result of this, could be applied to determine the suitability of cultivars and the quality for the process of the fermented soybean products.

We analyzed volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of petroleum-based laundry solvents in closed systems by static headspace analysis and investigated the emission characteristics of odorous compounds emitted from organic solvents in the small-scale dry cleaning process. The compounds containing eight to eleven carbon atoms were analyzed to account for 96.92% of the total peak area in a GC-MS chromatogram. It was found that the compounds with ten carbon atoms showed the largest proportion. In the small-scale dry cleaning process (3 kg of laundry and 40 min of drying time), a total of 36 VOCs was quantified, and the odor contribution of these compounds was evaluated. The sum of the odor quotient (SOQ) was analyzed up to 151±163 in the first 12 min of operation. The main odor-causing compounds were acrolein, ethylbenzene, hexane, acetone, and decane, and their odor contributions were 32.28%, 13.47%, 10.52%, 10.20%, and 8.08%, respectively.

The objective of this study was to investigate the changes in flavor components of cheonggugjang prepared with hazelnut. Amino nitrogen content in cheonggukjang was significantly lower in the 30~40% hazelnut group compared to the control group. The volatile basic nitrogen of hazelnut added cheongkukjang showed a similar pattern to that of amino nitrogen. The number of B. subtilis was slightly increased in relation to the amount of hazelnut added, but there was no significant difference. The content of glucose increased proportionally with increasing hazelnut. Total amino acid content decreased with increasing hazelnut. The ratio of glutamic acid to total free amino acids increased with increasing hazelnut. Oleic acid content increased proportionally with increasing hazelnut, while linoleic acid content decreased. In conclusion, the addition of hazelnut may contribute to the quality diversification of cheonggukjang by changing the taste and flavor while maintaining the amino nitrogen content of cheonggukjang.

To extend the shelf-life of chicken breast meat, samples were treated with gel-packs containing slow-released ClO2 gas at 7-15 ppm for 8 days at 4℃. And the changes in lipid oxidation and taste compounds of the samples were investigated. TBARS value of the chicken breast was slightly increased during storage. TBARS value of gas treatments was similar to the control during storage. There were 14 fatty acids in the chicken breast. And there was no change in the fatty acid composition during storage, and there was no significant difference between the control and gas treatments. The content of free amino acids was gradually increased during storage. The content of free amino acids were not significantly different between the control and gas treatments during storage. The content of GMP in the control and gas treatments were decreased during storage. However, gas treatments showed slightly higher content than that of control. AMP was not significantly different between the control and gas treatments. IMP gradually decreased during storage and the content of inosine and hypoxanthine was increased. IMP, inosine and hypoxanthine contents of gas treatment were similar to control, but the control tended to change more rapidly than those of gas treatments.

본 연구는 스파티필름의 수분 스트레스 정도에 따라 실내 공간 내 오염물질 제거 효율을 구명하고자 수행하였다. 식물이 없는 공간을 대조구, 정상적인 스파티필름과 수분 스트레스를 받은 스파티필름을 각각의 처리구로 하였다. 스파티필름의 수분 스트레스 유무에 따른 chamber 내 온도를 조사한 결과 대조구와 처리구 모두 식물의 생육 적정 범위인 23±1℃를 유지하였으며, 처리 간의 0.7℃의 차이를 보였다. 습도의 경우 대조구와 처리구는 유의차 있게 나타났으며, 처리 간의 유의 차는 없는 것으로 나타났다. 수분 스트레스에 따른 실내 오염 물질을 조사한 결과, 포름알데히드(Formaldehyde) 경우 대조구는 0.30mg･m-3, 정상적인 스파티필름은 0.05mg･m-3 , 수분 스트레스를 받은 스파티필름은 0.09mg･m-3으로 대조구와 처리구는 통계적으로 유의차를 보였으며, 식물 내 수분 스트레스에 따른 처리구간에는 유의차가 없었다. TVOC(Total Volatile Organic Compound)조사 결과, 정상적인 스파티필름의 TVOC는 5시간 후 0.00mg･m-3 으로 모두 제거 된 반면, 수분 스트레스를 받은 스파티필름은 0.34mg･m-3으로 다소 남아 있었으며, 대조구는 1.25mg･m-3으로 세 처리 모두 통계적으로 유의차 있게 나타났다. 또한 이산화탄소 변화량 조사결과, 대조구는 459ppm, 정상 스파티필름은 446ppm으로 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 없으며, 수분 스트레스를 받은 스파티 필름이 대조구보다 이산화탄소 함량이 다소 높았다. 기공변화율 조사 결과, 정상 스파티필름의 변화율은 높게 나타났으며, 수분 스트레스를 받은 스파티필름은 변화율이 낮은 것으로 조사되었다. 따라서, 스파티필름이 배치되어있지 않은 공간보다 배치된 공간이 공기정화에 효과적이며, 수분 스트레스를 받은 스파티필름은 실내오염물질 제거에 있어서 기공 변화율 및 이산화탄소 흡수능력이 저하되므로 스파티필름을 이용하여 효과적으로 실내오염물질을 제거하기 위해서는 적절한 수분 관리가 필요한 것으로 판단된다.

The aim of this study was to compare the two in vitro culture systems callus and adventitious root by investigating the biomass and phenolic compounds in calli and adventitious roots induced from four different explants (leaf, root, petal, and ovary) in Camellia japonica. The biomass of calli and adventitious roots was examined after 4 and 8 weeks of cultivation, respectively, and 22 phenolic compounds were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The biomass of the ovary-derived calli (2.0 g･mass-1) was 1.5-fold that of the leaf-derived calli. The dry weight (DW) was highest in ovary-derived calli; however, the highest dry matter content was obtained from leaf-derived calli. Differences in the investigated characteristics depended on the callus origin. In adventitious roots, the highest biomass was achieved in the leaf-derived adventitious root system; its fresh weight was 2.3-fold (89 mg･ea-1) higher, and its DW was 1.8-fold (16 mg･ea-1) higher than those of ovary-derived adventitious root system. Active cell division was detected in petal-derived lines in both the calli and adventitious roots. Results of the HPLC analysis revealed that the total content of 22 phenolic compounds was highest in ovary-derived calli and ovary-derived adventitious roots. Our experiments confirmed that the calli and adventitious roots of C japonica have different cytological characteristics and bioactive compounds depending on the explant origin. In addition, callus culture was a more suitable system than adventitious root for producing phenolic compounds when the duration of the culture period and biomass were considered.

자연에서도 생합성이 되는 테트라하이드로-β-카볼린 화합물은 Pictet-Spengler반응을 통해서 화학적으로도 합성된다. 본 연구에서는 β-카볼린 화합물을 쉽고 효과적으로 합성할 수 있는 친환경 합성법을 개발하여 유기용매가 아닌 물을 사용하여 합성하였다. 이 화합물은 투명한 결정형의 생성물로 얻어지므로 복잡한 분리과정이 필요하지 않다. 합성된 화합물은 NMR 및 UPLC/MS를 이용하여 구조를 확인하 였다. 화합물 1의 이론적 분자량(C17H17N2 249.1392), 화합물 2 (C17H23N2 255.1861), 화합물 3(C19H21N2O3 325.1552), 화합물 4(C19H19N2O 279.1497)과 측정된 화합물들의 질량과 비교하였다. 그 결과 측정된 화합물 1의 분자량 ([M+H]+m/z detected 249.1315), 2 (detected 255.1789), 3 (detected 325.1460) 그리고 4 (detected 279.1364)와 거의 일치함으로써 생성된 화합물이 1~4의 구조를 가지고 있음을 확인하였다. 합성된 화합물들을 그람 음성균인 E. coli DH5α를 대상으로 항균효과를 조사한 결과 강한 저해효과를 확인할 수 있었다.