본 연구는 뷰티산업 현장 실무 전문가를 양성하기 위한 피부미용 이론 및 실기 수업을 통해 문 제중심학습(PBL) 수업 개발 및 적용하고자 한다. 학습자들에게 피부미용 현장에서 일어나는 실제적인 문제 를 제시하고, 그 문제를 해결하기 위해 학습자들 상호간에 공동으로 문제를 해결하는 방안을 강구하고자 한다. 학습자들에게 문제중심학습(PBL)을 적용한 피부미용 수업을 진행하고, 수강 후 그 효과에 대해 분석 한다. 본 연구 결과로 현장 실제의 문제를 제시함으로써 학습자들이 실제 전문가들이 하는 일을 이해할 수 있었고, 주어진 문제에 대한 다양한 해결방법을 도출할 수 있다는 부분을 알게 되었다고 하여 문제해결 능 력 신장을 기대 해 볼 수 있었다. 이와 같은 결과는 문제 탐구와 문제를 해결하기 위한 문제중심학습(PBL) 수업 과정은 학습자의 문제해결능력 향상에 긍정적으로 작용하고 있음을 시사하고 있다.

본 연구는 대학의 피부미용 전공교육에서 문제중심학습(PBL) 적용에 따른 학습효과를 알아보 고, 피부미용 교육경쟁력을 강화할 수 있는 교수·학습방법 개발을 위한 기초자료 제공을 목적으로 하였다. 이에 본 연구는 H대학교에 개설된 피부미용 전공 교과목인 “동양요법” 수강 학생 15명을 대상으로 PBL 수업을 적용하여 실증적 교육효과 분석을 실시하였다. 그 결과 PBL 수업을 참여한 후 학습자들의 문제해 결 능력과 협력적 자기효능감의 평균값이 상승하여 유의미한 차이를 보였으며, 이에 따라 PBL 교수학습법 의 효과성이 확인되어 피부미용 교육 현장에서 학습자들의 문제해결 능력과 협력적 자기효능감 상승을 위 한 효과적인 교수학습법으로 제안하는 바이다.

The forms and demands of language learning are changing in the pandemic era. Learners no longer rely solely on a formal language curriculum. Instead, they are using various informal language learning (ILL) channels. Although informal language learning has been in the spotlight and is growing, more research on ILL is needed. In this study, ILL taking place through an online community was analyzed. Articles from the Korean learning community (r/Korean in Reddit) were collected, and the topic modeling technique, Latent Dirichlet Allocation, was conducted on the collected data. As a result, seven major topics were selected. The most common topics in all posts were issues faced by beginner learners, followed by vocabulary and sentence meanings, interest in Chinese characters and applications of Korean language skills, culture and daily life, translation, online learning materials, and Korean phonics. Through this, the interests of ILL learners and the characteristics of learners could be identified. Due to the nature of ILL, in which a formal curriculum does not exist, it was found that questions about general strategies for learning and questions that could not be solved in formal language education were most prominent. In addition, the characteristics of ILL learners who actively sought learning content and materials were also found.

본 연구는 미용 전공 대학생의 비대면 수업 경험이 학습몰입에 미치는 영향에 대해 알아보고 With Corona 시대에 맞는 미용 교육산업에 기초자료를 제공하기 위함에 목적이 있다. 미용 전공 대학생 300명을 대상으로 2022년 06월 07일부터 06월 21일까지 자가기입식 설문법을 실시하였으며 총 286부를 표본으로 실증 분석하였다. SPSS ver. 21.0 프로그램을 활용하여 빈도분석, 요인분석, 탐색적 요인분석, 기 술통계분석, 상관관계분석, 다중회귀분석법을 사용하여 연구하였다. 그 결과, 비대면 학습경험을 요인 분석 한 결과 수업만족 2개의 하위요인으로 분석되었으며 학습몰입을 요인 분석한 결과 학습 즐거움과 학습몰입 의 2개의 하위요인으로 분석되었다. 수업 활동이 학습몰입의 하위요인인 학습 즐거움(β=.279, p<.007)과 학습몰입(β=.221, p<.031)에 통계적으로 유의미한 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다(p<.05). 수업 만족이 학습몰입의 하위요인인 학습몰입(β=.223, p<.041)에 통계적으로 유의미한 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다(p<.05). 본 연구결과를 토대로 비대면 수업 경험이 학습몰입에 영향을 미친다는 사실을 알 수 있었으며 이를 통해 시대에 맞는 효율적 비대면 교육 방안이 활발히 모색되기를 기대하는 바이다.

철도교량의 설계는 장기간에 걸쳐 수행되고 대규모의 부지를 대상으로 하기 때문에 다양한 환경적인 요인과 불확실성을 동반하게 된다. 이러한 연유로 초기 설계단계에서 충분히 검토하였더라도 설계변경이 종종 발생하고 있다. 특히 철도교량과 같은 대규모 시설 물의 설계변경은 많은 시간과 인력을 소모하며, 매번 모든 절차를 반복하는 것은 매우 비효율적이다. 본 연구에서는 딥러닝 알고리즘 중 전이학습을 통해 설계변경 전의 학습 결과를 활용하여 설계변경 후의 학습의 효율성을 향상시킬 수 있는 기법을 제안하였다. 분석 을 위해 기개발한 철도교량 딥러닝 기반 예측 시스템을 활용하여 시나리오들을 작성하고 데이터베이스를 구축하였다. 제안된 기법은 설계변경 전 기존 도메인에서 학습에 사용한 8,000개의 학습데이터 대비 새로운 도메인에서 1,000개의 데이터만을 학습하여 유사한 정확도를 나타내었고 보다 빠른 수렴속도를 가지는 것을 확인하였다.

This study investigates the effect of the DDL (Data-Driven Learning) approach on the English sentence writing ability of 6th graders in elementary school. To this end, a total of seven English textbooks were used to build a corpus. Five teachers were then asked to conduct five lessons using a weak version of DDL in their 6-grade EFL classrooms. Students were asked to complete a pre- and post-test and a pre- and post-survey, and a selected number of students and four of the five teachers had in-depth interviews with the researcher. The results are as follows: First, DDL using the textbook corpus was found to be adequate for helping elementary students improve their sentence-writing ability. Second, DDL had a significant effect on upper, middle, and lower level groups of students. Third, the students felt that DDL was neither unfamiliar nor difficult. Fourth, teachers with little teaching experience found it easy to conduct their classes using the DDL approach. This study implies that DDL is an effective approach to teaching communicative functions and language forms in the elementary English classroom and can be useful for all levels of elementary students.

고성능 콘크리트(HPC) 압축강도는 추가적인 시멘트질 재료의 사용으로 인해 예측하기 어렵고, 개선된 예측 모델의 개발이 필수적 이다. 따라서, 본 연구의 목적은 배깅과 스태킹을 결합한 앙상블 기법을 사용하여 HPC 압축강도 예측 모델을 개발하는 것이다. 이 논 문의 핵심적 기여는 기존 앙상블 기법인 배깅과 스태킹을 통합하여 새로운 앙상블 기법을 제시하고, 단일 기계학습 모델의 문제점을 해결하여 모델 예측 성능을 높이고자 한다. 단일 기계학습법으로 비선형 회귀분석, 서포트 벡터 머신, 인공신경망, 가우시안 프로세스 회귀를 사용하고, 앙상블 기법으로 배깅, 스태킹을 이용하였다. 결과적으로 본 연구에서 제안된 모델이 단일 기계학습 모델, 배깅 및 스태킹 모델보다 높은 정확도를 보였다. 이는 대표적인 4가지 성능 지표 비교를 통해 확인하였고, 제안된 방법의 유효성을 검증하였다.

빠르게 변화하는 시대 변화에 맞춰 미래 교육의 변화에 대한 필요성이 절실하게 요구되고 있다. 최근 이러한 교육의 패러다임 전환으로 메타버스에 대한 연구가 교 육계에서 활발하게 이루어지고 있다. 본 연구는 메타버스 플랫폼인 게더타운을 활용 한 중국어-한국어 탄뎀 수업을 설계하고 적용시켜 대학의 중국어 교육에서의 메타버 스를 활용한 교육적 활용 방법과 효과를 증명하고자 하였다. 이를 통해 메타버스를 활용하여 중국어 학습자의 흥미도와 몰입감을 높이고 참여를 이끌 수 있는 다양한 수업 방안을 제시하여, 대학의 외국어 교육에서의 메타버스 활용 수업에 대한 도입 가능성을 살펴보고 교육적 활용의 기초적인 근거를 제공하고자 한다.

In South Korea, the history of the qualifications has been matured with industry development. Since National Technical Qualifications Act was enacted in 1973, the government makes an effort to develop the ability for improving socioeconomic status and the contribution of qualifications to industry. As the industry has been diversified and globalized, the government has efficiently and systematically operating the qualification by enacting Framework Act on Qualifications in 1997. And then, the qualifications are classified into national qualifications, private qualifications, and foreign qualifications. However, it is hard for national qualifications to abolish or establish a qualification by each organization and the privileged license acquisitors as the qualifications are separately operated by the laws and the organizations and lack consistency. For private qualifications, it is harder to organize even by the government because of the entry barriers by each qualification association. For those reasons, it is necessary to organize the system adapted in the changing job market and operated by the organization managing the qualification system with consistency. This research indicates the inefficiency of the qualification system because the work-study parallelism National qualification system, enacted in 2020, is like the qualification system in business in terms of the general operating system and the operator, except the institute and the law related. Therefore, we analyze the work-study parallelism National qualification system and the qualification system in business and suggest the efficient method to operate and the future research plan regarding the whole qualification system.

Purpose: This study aims to improve nursing students’ competency through evidence-based nursing simulation education. Simulations included blood transfusion care for cancer patients, pneumothorax post-op care, and blood pressure control for hypertension care. Moreover, the study investigated the effects of simulations on anxiety, self-confidence, and student satisfaction with the learning experience. Method: Participants completed a survey on student satisfaction, self-confidence, and anxiety. A prospective, one-group, pre- and post-test design of 135 fourth-grade nursing students was used. A simulation scenario was developed according to the design. It consisted of pre-briefing, practice, serial tests, and debriefing. A simulation of three scenarios comprised blood transfusion care for cancer patients, pneumothorax post-op care, and blood pressure control for hypertension care. Twenty hours of evidence-based nursing simulation practicum consisting of three scenarios dealing with major adult diseases was conducted. Result: Students showed significant improvements over time in self-confidence (t=4.67, p<.001), student satisfaction (t=3.94, p<.001), and anxiety (t=-4.63, p<.001) after the evidence-based nursing simulation. Conclusion: Simulation of evidence-based education may be a useful and effective learning strategy. Nursing educators can design evidence-based simulation programs to improve educational effectiveness.

본 연구의 목적은 딥러닝의 전이학습 모델을 이용하여 항공사진과 토지이용현황도 간의 비교를 통해 토지이용현황의 변화를 탐지하는 방안을 마련하는 데 있다. 이러한 목적을 위해 딥러닝의 이미지 예측모델과 라스터와 벡터 자료를 비교하는 공간분석 기능을 이용하였다. 학습모델 구축을 통해 토지이용현황도의 상업지, 농지, 임지 및 수계에 대한 예측결과를 이용하여 토지이용의 변화를 탐지하는 방안을 제시하였다. 이러한 분석 방안은 라스터 형태의 최신 정보와 벡터 형태의 기존 자료와의 비교를 통해서 자료의 변화를 확인하는 방안으로 활용이 가능하다.

This study investigated changes in psychological stress levels of 60 firefighters after participation in an eight-week Equine-Assisted Learning (EAL) program consisting of 16 sessions. The Korean versions of the Posttraumatic Diagnosis Scale (PDS-K), the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (K-CESD), and the Difficulties in Emotional Regulation Scale (K-DERS) were used for measurements. Participants were divided into two groups according to level of posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS): the PTSS risk group and the PTSS non-risk group. Results showed that PDS-K, K-CESD, and K-DERS scores were significantly reduced after the program in the PTSS risk group. Significant reduction was also found in all sub-scales of PDS-K: re-experiencing, avoidance/emotional numbing, and hyperarousal. Moreover, in the PTSS risk group, there were greater improvements with significant group x time interactions. These findings suggest that EAL is effective in relieving PTSD and PTSD-related symptoms of firefighters with subsyndromal or more severe levels of PTSD.

In this paper analyzed the features of how native Korean speakers (K) and native Vietnamese Korean learners (VKL) organize the Apology conversation, focusing on the functional phase. Based on the discourse analysis, a role play was conducted to collect data. In order to investigate the influence of social variables (social status, intimacy), learners' mother tongues and learners' Korean proficiency, different social variables were given in role-play situations, and learners' Korean proficiency was limited to intermediate and advanced levels. The results of analyzing conversations focusing on ‘Error Checking–Apology-Apology Acceptance’, which is the intermediate phase of Apology conversation, are as follows. First, in the Error Checking Phase, K tended to make indirect or preliminary remarks. In contrast, VKL immediately presented communication purposes, and advanced VKL tended to use indirect speech and additional statement. Second, in the Apology phase, the higher social status the other party has and the lower intimacy the two speakers has, the more passive K were. Interestingly, VKL showed the same pattern. For intermediate-level VKL, it was observed that the dialogue sequences were not completed. Third, in the Apology Acceptance phase, K repeatedly expressed apologies through complex dialogue sequences. However, VKL performed a concise conversation by simple dialogue sequences, and the intermediate-level VKL expressed ‘relief’ and ‘gratitude’.

This study investigates the relationship between high school students’ subjective wellbeing, English learning motivation, and English proficiency. Three sub-components of subjective well-being were included in this study: positive efficacy well-being, positive emotional well-being, and positive relationship well-being. In all subcomponents of subjective well-being, the mean value of female students was higher than that of male students. In addition, the students with upper and middle levels of English proficiency showed higher subjective well-being than those with a lower level. Among the subcomponents of subjective well-being, positive relationship well-being was found to have the most significant effect on both the ideal L2 self and the ought-to L2 self. Among English learning motivations, the higher the ideal L2 self, the higher the English proficiency. The subjective well-being and the ideal L2 self positively affected English proficiency. This study suggests that appropriate educational activities are needed to enhance students’ subjective well-being and form a concrete ideal L2 self.

Este estudio aborda el aprendizaje de la pronunciación en español como una tercera lengua por parte de los hablantes nativos de coreano en los EEUU. Específicamente, profundiza en las características de sus pronunciaciones, las perspectivas desde las que se pueden entender las pronunciaciones y los puntos que los investigadores de L3 deben tener en cuenta para examinar sus pronunciaciones. Para ello, primero este estudio presenta modelos sobre la percepción y producción de L2, así como modelos sobre la morfosintaxis de L3. Luego, aplica los principios principales de los modelos a las situaciones y características del aprendizaje que muestran los estudiantes coreanos de español en los EEUU. Por último, con base en los fundamentos teóricos y sus características del aprendizaje, hace sugerencias para estudios empíricos que examinen la pronunciación de español como L3. Este estudio puede ser útil para los estudiantes coreanos de español como L3 y sus padres, profesores de español e investigadores de L3. Además, algunas sugerencias de este estudio se pueden aplicar a los estudiantes coreanos de español como L3 que viven en Corea y países angloparlantes que no sean los EEUU.

본 논문은 초등학교 현장에서 교사와 학생들에게 계몽편의 내용 중 자연 현상의 음양론과 천지인 삼원의 효율적인 교수학습 방안을 현대에 알맞은 교 수법으로 제시하려고 한다. 이에 본 연구에서는 초등학생을 교육대상으로 음 양오행과 천지인 삼원의 체계적인 수업 설계를 구성하고 교수학습 방안을 제 시하여 교사에게는 교수법을, 학생들에게는 노래와 그림을 통해 음양오행을 쉽게 이해하도록 하는 학습 방안 연구를 목적으로 한다. 본 연구의 구성은 교안과 노래 악보, 율동 설명, 유튜브(YouTube) QR코드와 URL, 그림자료로 시각적, 청각적 교육이 가능하도록 하였다. 음양오행과 천지 인 삼원의 이론적 설명과 학교 교육에서 음양오행과 천지인 삼원을 쉽게 지 도하기 위한 효율적인 교수학습모형을 초등학교 교수법에 맞추어 질적인 교 수학습 방안을 제시하였다. 수업마다 활용할 수 있는 노래악보와 율동설명이 있으며, 음원과 율동이 유튜브에 업로드 되어 URL을 클릭하거나 QR코드를 핸드폰으로 찍으면 바로 볼 수 있도록 구성하였다. 또한 각 주제에 맞는 그 림들은 지도하는 교사와 수업을 받는 학생들 모두에게 교육적 가치가 있다 고 본다. 음양오행 관련 가사를 만들고, 노래 반주에 맞추어 8곡의 음반을 제작하였 다. 8곡 중 5곡은 율동 동영상을 촬영하여 초등학생들이 신체 활동을 통해 학 습 주제를 몸으로 익힐 수 있도록 유튜브(YouTube)에 업로드 하였으며, 나머 지 3곡은 그림을 보며 노래하도록 유튜브(YouTube)에 업로드 하였다. 유튜브 (YouTube) QR코드와 URL을 논문에 넣었으며, 유튜브 URL은 클릭하면 바로 연 결되고, QR코드는 핸드폰을 사용하여 QR코드스캔으로 사진 찍으면 웹브라우 저로 바로 연결이 되어 터치만 하면 유튜브(YouTube) 동영상을 시청할 수 있 도록 하였다. 본 연구를 통해 동양적 철학에 내재 되어 있는 역사나 사상, 철학적인 내용 들이 교육과정에 반영되고 학습자의 습득이 용이하도록 설계되어 전통문화와 의 연계적인 교육 체계가 운영될 수 있기를 바란다.

This paper investigates Korean EFL students’ learning (de)motivation factors according to the level of students’ English learning motivation. A total of 41 undergraduate students reflected on their past ten years of English learning experiences and submitted autobiographic essays with ‘motigraph,’ marking their annual changes of English learning motivation from 0 to 10. The data were analyzed with Grounded Theory. The findings revealed that the factors that increased or decreased English learning motivation were different according to students’ level of motivation. Students with low-level motivation were influenced by their teacher or parents, while those with high-level motivation were influenced by their past L2 learning experiences perceived positively by themselves. In both groups, the factors of emotional experiences caused by negative L2 learning experiences were the main reasons for demotivation. This paper emphasizes the importance of subjective appraisal in maintaining students’ L2 learning motivation and recovering from the state of demotivation.

Recently, many studies have been conducted to improve quality by applying machine learning models to semiconductor manufacturing process data. However, in the semiconductor manufacturing process, the ratio of good products is much higher than that of defective products, so the problem of data imbalance is serious in terms of machine learning. In addition, since the number of features of data used in machine learning is very large, it is very important to perform machine learning by extracting only important features from among them to increase accuracy and utilization. This study proposes an anomaly detection methodology that can learn excellently despite data imbalance and high-dimensional characteristics of semiconductor process data. The anomaly detection methodology applies the LIME algorithm after applying the SMOTE method and the RFECV method. The proposed methodology analyzes the classification result of the anomaly classification model, detects the cause of the anomaly, and derives a semiconductor process requiring action. The proposed methodology confirmed applicability and feasibility through application of cases.

North Korea continues to upgrade and display its long-range rocket launchers to emphasize its military strength. Recently Republic of Korea kicked off the development of anti-artillery interception system similar to Israel’s “Iron Dome”, designed to protect against North Korea’s arsenal of long-range rockets. The system may not work smoothly without the function assigning interceptors to incoming various-caliber artillery rockets. We view the assignment task as a dynamic weapon target assignment (DWTA) problem. DWTA is a multistage decision process in which decision in a stage affects decision processes and its results in the subsequent stages. We represent the DWTA problem as a Markov decision process (MDP). Distance from Seoul to North Korea’s multiple rocket launchers positioned near the border, limits the processing time of the model solver within only a few second. It is impossible to compute the exact optimal solution within the allowed time interval due to the curse of dimensionality inherently in MDP model of practical DWTA problem. We apply two reinforcement-based algorithms to get the approximate solution of the MDP model within the time limit. To check the quality of the approximate solution, we adopt Shoot-Shoot-Look(SSL) policy as a baseline. Simulation results showed that both algorithms provide better solution than the solution from the baseline strategy.

Purpose: This study aimed to explore university students’ experiences of participating in online classes during the COVID-19 outbreak. Methods: A survey was conducted with 169 third- and fourth-year students at five universities in W City from May 5 to 22, 2021 through an online survey platform. Qualitative data were collected from 13 third- and fourth-year students at five universities in the same area through three focus group interviews between May 22 and 25 and analyzed through qualitative content analysis. Results: The experience of online classes was rated in the following order: live lectures (92.9%) and recorded lectures (73.4%). Satisfaction with online classes was rated for recorded lectures, which were scored 3.54±1.05 (out of five), and live lectures, which were scored 3.32±1.02. Lack of interaction with faculty (37.9%) and lack of participating practicum (30.8%) were cited as dissatisfaction factors in online classes. From the qualitative data, five sub-themes were identified: “not being respected in one’s learning”, “increased burden of learning in a situation of poor communication,” “it's not that I hate online classes”, “efforts to improve the loose will and attitude toward classes”, “reduced quality of experience and uncertain future”. These sub-themes were abstracted under the theme of “everyday life of learning alone toward an uncertain future”. Conclusion: To ensure more effective online learning, it is necessary to strengthen the interaction between faculty and students, apply online teaching strategies suitable for class objectives, and support various programs to motivate students for self-directed learning.