The need of reusing sewage sludge is highly increasing as the amount of domestic sewage sludge is growing and sewage management strategies were reinforced. Accordingly, in this research, we studied the composting possibility of sludge in sewage treatment plant J, using dryer facility with indirect system by conducting component analysis of dried sludge and experiment on cultivating crops. It was observed from the component analysis, that the dried sludge is appropriate for both decomposed manure standard of Ministry of Environment and fertilizer standard of Rural Development Administration. Besides, in the experiment on cultivating lettuce, the experimental group(soil + dried sludge) was superior to the control group(soil + bed soil) in apparent condition of leaves tensity and damage by disease and pest. In case of cultivating tomato, the experimental group showed stronger durability of fruits dangling on stems compared to the control group after 9 weeks. Consequently, the excess sludge dried by indirect heating system in the sewage treatment plant J is appropriate for the standard of both Ministry of Environment and Rural Development Administration and show good result in experiment on cultivating crops therefore it can be reused for composting.

Capacitive deionization(CDI) has many advantages over other desalination technologies due to its low energy consumption, less environmental pollution and relative low fouling potential. The objectives of this study are evaluate the performance of CDI which can be used for dissolved salts removal from sewage. To identify ion selectivity of nitrate and phosphate in multi-ionic solutions and adsorption/desorption performance related to applied potential, a series of laboratory scale experiments were conducted using a CDI unit cell with activated carbon electrodes. The CDI process was able to achieve more than 75 % TDS and NO3-, NH4+ removals, while phosphate removal was 60.8 % and is inversely related in initial TDS and H3- concentration. In continuous operation, increasing the inner cell pressure and reduction of TDS removal ability were investigated which are caused by inorganic scaling and biofouling. However a relative mild cleaning solution(5 % of citric acid for calcium scaling and 500 mg/L of NaOCl for organic fouling) restored the electrochemical adsorption capacity of the CDI unit to its initial level.

This research is carried out to investigate the odor emission characteristics in a sewage treatment plant. The plantwas divided into four areas (boundary areas, sewage treatment processes, sludge treatment processes and odortreatment plants), and measured around 27 sampling points. Odor characteristics from each areas were evaluatedby air dilution olfactory method and NH₃/SO₂/VOCs passive sampler, mainly in terms of spatial distribution. Themain odor emission sources were found out to be dewatering plant (S-4) of sludge, sludge transshipment place(S-5), and the outlet of odor treatment plant (B-2, B-3). The correlation between dilution number (OU) and ammoniaconcentration of passive sampler appeared to be low; correlation coefficient 0.49, but correlation coefficient for theresults of sulfur dioxide and toluene were very high, 0.95 and 0.93, respectively. These results indicate that odorcompounds form sewage treatment facility are mainly due to sulfur compounds and volatile organic compounds.

The performance of inorganic sludge separation system is evaluated. Anaerobic digester effluent sludge is used for feed sludge of this system and hydrocyclone is used for inorganic sludge separation. For phosphorus removal and recovery MgCl2 is pumped into MAP growth tank, a component of inorganic sludge separation system. Using this system inorganic sludge which contained less than 40 % of organic matter can be discharged stably and the maximum amount of separated inorganic sludge is 13.4 % of influent sludge based on dry solid. The amount of phosphorus recovered as MAP(as P) is 16.7 % to influent T-P.

The purpose of this sudy is to get characteristics of water quality in separated sewer overflows. In dry weather the water quality of sewage in the outfall of the separated sewer was an average BOD of 2.7 mg/L, CODmn of 4.9 mg/L, TN of 3.8 mg/L, TP of 1.9 mg/L, and SS of 5.3 mg/L, Because the quality except for TP was less than the water quality standard of wastewater treatment plant (WTP), a prevention facility was needed to prevent the sewage inflow to interceptor. When the separated sewer overflows (SSO) were overflowed, the maximum pollutant load was be found to be about from 2.7 to 5.4 times as a BOD base, about from 3.2 to 4.6 times as a SS base higher than average load. There was a big difference according to rainfall intensity and rainfall continuous time. In case the quality of SSO was less than water quality standard or water quality in dry season, SSO was required to discharge to the stream not to inflow to WTP by operating the floodgate in the outfall with water quality data using sensors, such as turbidity sensor, etc. Because removal efficiency by an intercepter load was calculated as low as about 10~20% as a BOD base, removal efficiency could be increased by installing a separated wall within the sewer.

Study on effluent organic matter (EfOM) characteristic and removal efficiency is required, because EfOM is important in regard to the stability of effluents reuse, quality issues of artificial recharge and water conservation of aqueous system. UV technology is widely used in wastewater treatment. Many reports have been conducted on microbial disinfection and micro pollutant reduction with UV treatment. However, the study on EfOM with UV has limited because low/medium pressure UV lamp is not sufficient to affect refractory organics. The high intensity of pulsed UV would mineralize EfOM itself as well as change the characteristics of EfOM. Chlorine demand and DBPs formation is affected on the changed amounts and properties of EfOM. The objective of this study is to investigate the effect on EfOM, chlorine residual, and chlorinated DBPs formation with low pressure and pulsed UV treatment. The removal of organic matter through low pressure UV treatment is insignificant effect. Pulsed UV treatment effectively removes/transforms EfOM. As a result, the chlorine consumption is changed and chlorine DBPs formation is decreased. However, excessive UV treatment caused problems of increasing chlorine consumption and generating unknown by-products.

In this study, current sewer infiltration/Inflow(I/I) computation and application method was examined about improvement and adequacy relating to the main issues raised by the field for practitioners. The results of review about infiltration calculation method were considered to be in need of improvement at‘standards of minimum sewage calculation’. Furthermore, the results of review about I/I application method were considered to be in need of improvement at‘standards of seasonal infiltration application’and‘the relative decrease in the Annual evaluation standards’. In addition, annual I/I analysis at JC County for the four years(2009 ～ 2012) in respect of operation flow and rainfall data was conducted. The result of annual infiltration analysis, compared average daily sewage generated average infiltration rate was found in 21.95 %, infiltration by unit was found in 0.31 m3/day/cm/km and 0.12 m3/day/day, respectively. The result of annual inflow analysis, average rainfall - Inflow equations was found y = 5.499x(R2 0.793), and the average Inflow quantity by sewer extension was predicted to 0.66 m3/mm-km.

C/N 비가 낮은 농촌마을 하수의 고도처리를 위하여 0.4 µm의 세공크기를 갖고 있는 평막이 침지된 연속회분식 반응기를 사용하였다. 분말활성탄의 투입, 폭기량 및 유입 유기물 농도가 처리효율과 여과 성능에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다.54일 이내의 조업 초기에서는 C/N 비가 증가할수록 COD, T-N 및 T-P의 제거율과 MLSS 농도는 증가하였다. 조업 89일 후의 COD, T-N 및 T-P의 제거율은 각각 97.1%, 75.0% 및 48.3%이었다. 막여과에 의해 처리수에서 SS는 검출되지 않았으며,T-P의 제거율이 낮게 나온 이유는 과잉의 슬러지를 배출하지 않았기 때문이다. 분말활성탄을 투여한 경우 조업이 진행됨에따라 분말활성탄의 혼합강도와 충돌빈도가 증가하여 슬러지의 입자크기가 감소하였으며, 이로 인해 분말활성탄을 투여하지 않은 경우에 비해 TMP 상승이 크게 나타났다.

하수 슬러지로부터 추출된 유지를 이용하여 바이오디젤 생산에 대해 고찰하였다. 바이오디젤 생산의 밝은 전망에도 불구하고, 이를 상용화하기 위한 노력은 매우 제한되어 있다. 주요 장애물 중 하나는 전체 생산비용의 약 70~75%를 구성하는 정제 유지의 공급 원료와 연관된 높은 가격이다. 따라서 이를 극복하기 위하여 폐유나 낮은 품질 유지 등의 저가 원료를 사용하여 바이오디젤의 생산 비용을 낮추는 기술이 제안되어 왔다. 이런 측면에서 하수 슬러지로부터 추출된 유지는 비교적 저렴하여 유망한 원료로 평가받고 있다. 본 연구에서는 하수 슬러지로부터 추출된 유지를 이용한 바이오디젤의 생산기술을 검토하였다. 하수 슬러지로부터 유지 추출공정 및 에스테르화 전환공정 및 무촉매 열화학 전환공정을 살펴보았다.

The hydrofoil-tip mixer can be used to create the desired material by mixing the two materials in various industries, especially in the waste water and sewage water treatment. The purpose of this study is to clarify flow characteristics induced by 3 types impellers in a mixing tank by CFD. In this study, flat plate, hydrofoil and hydrofoil-tip type impellers are used and the rotating speeds of impellers are 25, 35, 45 rpm. The results in present study show that hydrofoil-tip type is the most proper impeller for mixing in the waster water treatment tank and reducing required power of rotating impeller. This results can be used for the design of the mixing tank in the waste water treatment system.

본 연구에서는 공공하수처리시설의 효율적인 관리방안 제시를 위하여 2008년~2010년까지 28개소의 공공하수처리시설에 대하여 복합악취와 지정악취물질(22종)을 대상으로 악취실태조사 및 원인분석을 실시하였다. 조사결과 전처리 공정과 슬러지 처리공정에서 주로 고농도의 악취가 발생되고 있었으며, 황화수소와 메틸머캅탄 등의 황화합물류가 주요 악취원인물질로 조사되었다. 공공하수처리시설에서 발생되는 악취는 유입수의 성상에 따라 차이가 있으며, 유입수에서의 복합악취는 67배~66,943배, 황화수소는 ND~66.87 ppm으로 조사되었다. A 하수처리시설 유량 조정조에서의 복합악취와 황화수소는 교반시 각각 3,000배, 6.23 ppm, 비교반시 각각 300배, 0.20 ppm으로 조사되었다. 유입 분배조와 생슬러지 분배조는 하수와 슬러지 이송 파이프 라인의 낙차에 의해 내부에 양(+)압이 형성되므로 파이프 라인의 연장과 악취포집설비를 정상적으로 설치․운영하여 내부를 음(-)압 상태로 유지할 필요가 있다.

As the Sewer Pipe is transformed by the expansion of life cycle as a result of the technology development, flexible pipe is developed by the transformed environmental conditions. To change pipe design, three phases(compaction ration - inner deflection ratio - ring stiffness) should be considered in design conditions. The input data of pipe design were provided by compaction-inner deflection ratio-ring stiffness. M oreover, The guidelines of sewerage pipes should be considered by flexible pipes design criteria.

Ocean discharge of sewage sludge, which started in the year of 1993 in Korea, was stopped in the beginning of 2012, Landfill of sewage sludge was also prohibited in 2003 owing to public acceptance of the lanfill sites, and partially reopened in 2007 due to the necessity of organic component in sludge to produce methane gas. Sludge recycle ratio will increase in sewage sludge treatment by volume reduction and drying, and then recycle of the thermal energy as fuel in power plant and also material as raw material of cement. Several drying processes are compared with reasoning and an appropriate drying sequence is suggested.

This study is an analysis about BOD ,COD, SS, T-N, T-P of 4Stage-BNR, MLE + CS(Coagulating Sedimentation) , Bio-SAC BNR method of construction for 3 largest sewage treatment plants among 12 sewage treatment plants in lncheon. The purpose of this study is improving the operational effectiveness for lncheon sewage treatment plant by introducing the optimized method for quality of the discharged water.

본 연구는 하수처리장 방류수가 하천 유기물 오염에 미치는 영향을 파악하기 위하여 구미시 관내에 위치한 구미 4단지, 구미, 구미 원평하수처리장 방류수와 처리장 상∙하류 하천을 조사하였다. TOC 중 DOC가 70% 이상 으로 대부분 용존성으로 존재하였고, TOC에 대한 BOD, CODMn의 산화율은 각각 13~43%, 37~73%로 나타났다. 하지만 현재 사용되고 있는 BOD, CODMn이 총 유기탄소 에서 차지하는 비율이 약 50% 이하로 나타나, 유기물을 대표하는 데 어려움이 있을 것으로 보이며, 향후 TOC로 지표를 전환하는 방향도 모색해 보아야 할 것으로 판단 된다. DOC 분해실험 결과 DOC 중 R-DOC가 70% 이상 으로 난분해성 유기물이 대부분을 차지하는 것으로 나타 났다. 하수처리장 방류수의 유기물이 하천에 미치는 영향 을 보면, 낙동강 하류에서 구미 4단지, 구미, 구미 원평하 수처리장 방류수의 총 TOC 부하량이 차지하는 비율은 15%로 나타났다. 총 비율은 15%로 비교적 많은 부분을 차지하지는 않았지만 이 중 생분해성 유기물보다 난분해 성 유기물이 더 많은 부분을 차지하는 것으로 나타나, 상 수 처리 시 소독부산물의 전구물질이 증가하는 원인으로 작용할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

This study was carried out to investigate the performance of individual sewage treatment facilities with MBR(membrane bioreactor). After ratio of influent distribution of aerobic reactor to anoxic reactor from 4 : 6 to 7 : 3, the effluent quality is improved 5.3 mg/L as BOD, 3.8 mg/L as SS, 5.6 mg/L as T-N, and 1.6 mg/L as T-P, respectively. The removal efficiency rate of effluent increased upto 98% as BOD, 99% as SS 94%, as T-N as 93% and T-P, respectively. To maintain SS concentration of the effluent less than 1 mg/L, the washing and differential pressure of membrane management were required, the wasted activated sludge periodically discard to the sludge storage tank in order to meet standard criteria. The capacity of this individual facilities was overestimated, when low loading occur, an alternative is considered

본 연구는 3년생 ‘Fuji Mishima’/M.9의 주간에서 직접 발생한 3년생 주지를 강하게 하수유인한 후 상처를 받았을 것으로 예상되는 만곡부위를 채취하여 하수유인 1, 3, 5, 15일 후의 모습을 관찰하였다. 하수유인 1일 후에는 각 조직이 아직 상처받지 않고 잘 발달된 모습이 관찰되었다. 하지만 3일 후 검경한 결과에서는 하수유인 처리된 하부에서 체관부와 물관부가 다소 눌림 현상이 관찰되었다. 유인 후 5일 후에 검경한 결과, 가지의 상부와 하부 모두에서 체관이 일정한 위치에서 이탈된 모습이 관찰되었다. 유인 15일 후에 하수유인 된 가지의 하부 조직에서 수피조직(주피)까지 파괴된 모습이 관찰되었으며, 체관부의 피해도 특히 심하였고, 이 부위에 새로 형성된 조직이 있는 것이 발견되었다. 유인하지 않은 나무에 대하여 에틸렌 발생량을 측정하였으나 에틸렌은 검출되지 않았고 유인한 가지에서는 처리 3일 후에 에틸렌 발생이 증가하였고 6일 후에는 절반으로 감소하였다.