In this study, we investigated protection motivation and behavioral intention to prevent serious illnesses related to excessive sodium intake among the university students in Gyeongnam and Busan. Within the protection motivation theory (PMT) framework, a survey questionnaire was developed to measure participants’ perceptions on the severity of and the vulnerability to the threat of serious diseases due to the high sodium intake as well as the effectiveness of preventive measures (response efficacy), and the ability to perform them (self-efficacy) along with their willingness to follow recommendations (behavioral intention). Data was collected in June 2015. Study participants were divided into either low (n=117) or high (n=177) sodium intake behavior groups based on their current behaviors. Exploratory factor analysis was performed to measure construct validity and Cronbach’s alpha was calculated to check reliability of measurement items. The high sodium intake behavior group perceived higher vulnerability than the low sodium intake behavior group among four PMT factors. Differences of the other three factors were not significant between the two groups. The results of hierarchical regression analysis indicated that self-efficacy and response efficacy affected behavioral intention of high sodium intake behavior among students. Hence, development of strategies to increase self-efficacy and response efficacy are strongly recommended.

This study was analyzed to provide fundamental data of food safety education way on the recognition, knowledge and purchase attitude of GMO foods. Data was collected from 270 University students in the Gyeong-gi region through a self-administered questionnaire. According to the results of the reliability and factor analysis, the knowledge and purchase attitude of GMO foods showed 0.742 and 0.832 in Cronbach alpha coefficient, 0.791 and 0.831 in KMO. There were significant differences in the recognition and intake possibility and purchase will, safety and absorption to a GMO foods between the specialty person and non-specialist (p<0.05). By the kind of GMO foods it appeared highly by the order corn (70.0%), tomato (67.5%), beans (63.3%) and potato (51.3%). There were significant differences in the general knowledge of GMO foods (p<0.05), whereas no significant differences in question ‘There were no genes in ordinary beans’ by a presence of a specialty (p>0.05). After the purchase attitude difference to the GMO foods was analyzed by a presence of a specialty, I appeared most highly in the question to which I say ‘I think a GMO foods is ethical.’ by a negative question and ‘I think a GMO foods is mass-produced, and it's possible to make a food problem decrease.’ by an affirmative question. Therefore, the purchase attitude of GMO foods showed a significant differences of University students according to their major (p<0.05). Based on this study, it is considered that provision of detailed and continuous education must be accomplished by raising the recognition of GMO foods and its acceptance level, allowing a proper understanding of GMO foods to be conveyed and assisting subjects from receiving the information they desire effectively by various education mediums.

The goal of this study is to better understand the attitudes of students towards pronunciation in order to better evaluate the current university curriculum, as well as to make recommendations on how to improve the quality of education for students of English in South Korea. A total of fifty-five students were given both a questionnaire and a short interview which were utilized for the present study. The results demonstrate that the students agree pronunciation is important in English, and they wish to sound like a native speaker. It was also found that students are slightly worried about their own English accent, however they have not had much instruction on pronunciation. In addition, the participants of the study appeared to be more concerned with their accents, rather than comprehensibility or intelligibility. The most widely preferred accent by the participants was American accent followed by British accent. Although the participants acknowledged the importance of pronunciation or accent in English, they were reluctant to receive a class focusing on pronunciation. Based on the findings we suggest that there should be more collaboration between native and non-native speakers of English in Korea. Furthermore, we recommend that Korean students be exposed to more varieties of World Englishes through the integration of students from other countries into the classroom as well as conducted a class on World Englishes.

Les apprenants coréens de français langue étrangère ont, en Corée, rarement l'occasion d'utiliser le français en dehors de la salle de classe. Cependant, le développement des outils de Communications Médiatisées par Ordinateurs (CMO) leur fournissent un environnement d'apprentissage plus favorable pour surmonter les contraintes d’isolement et les aident à améliorer leurs capacités à communiquer en français. Notre travail de recherche porte sur l’utilisation de ressources en ligne. Ce parcours est divisé en trois segments selon les stades atteints dans l'apprentissage de la prononciation : la présentation, la pratique, la production (3P). En outre, des questionnaires et des entretiens ont été menés pour mesurer l'utilité perçue de ce site. Sur dix semaines, les principaux résultats de cette étude sont les suivants: la prononciation a d'abord été analysée à travers un pré-test et un post-test par des enregistrements. Les résultats du post-test ont montré une nette amélioration de leur prononciation, en particulier en lecture à haute voix plus qu’en expression libre. Cela souligne la difficulté de parvenir à un usage automatique d’une prononciation apprise consciemment. Ces ressources en ligne ont montré leur utilité dans l'apprentissage des caractéristiques prosodiques. A la lecture des enquêtes, les étudiants reconnaissaient un effet positif en prononciation, pour l'écoute et la prise de parole. Cette amélioration serait due à la possibilité de télé-charger, d’écouter et de répéter des fichiers authentiques, mais aussi aux taches communicatives proposées, qui intégraient des conversations en ligne.

The aim of the present study was to examine factors affecting Korean university EFL learners' English reading comprehension across two reading tasks (i.e., literal vs. inferential reading). To this end, five latent factors (linguistic, cognitive, affective, social, and English reading) were targeted, and the structural relationships among these five factors were analyzed through structural equation modeling (SEM) technique. Results of the present study demonstrate that for literal reading comprehension task, linguistic, cognitive, and social factors made a significant and direct impact on Korean university students' English reading performances, whereas the effect of affective factor was not significant. Regarding the inferential reading task, only linguistic and cognitive factors were significantly and positively associated with Korean university students' English reading comprehension. Implications for pedagogy as well as for future research directions were also provided.

We are aimed to conduct the survey research to evaluate the university students's awareness pn the care systems of abandoned animals. We deals with the findings obtained from extensive interviews with a representative samples. The objectives of interviews included 546 students in Wonkwang, Keimyung and Chosun University. Questions focused on how students were recognized the need and policies of the care systems of the abandoned animals. Questionnaire and technical data are analysed and summarized. As the results of the survey research, the objectives of interviews had well understood about the policies of adoption of the abandoned animals. Conclusionally, the promotions of adoption of the abandoned animals were need. The effective promotions of the adoption of the abandoned animals will be desirable for the establishment of abandoned animal welfare.

최근 대학의 입시전형의 다양화로 인하여 학생들의 학업 역량과 성취 수준에 편차가 점차 커지고 있기 때문에 대학공부를 수행하는 데 필요한 기초학력의 부족 등으로 인하여 대학공부의 부적응한 사례가 점차 증가하고 있다. 본 연구는 학부생이 겪는 학업 문제를 해결하고 자신이 가진 학업 잠재력을 극대 화하여 성공적인 대학공부 수행할 수 있도록 지원하고자 집단 학습상담 프로그램을 개발하였다. 10명의 학생을 대상으로 시범 프로그램을 운영하고, 사전사후 검사를 실시하여 교육적 성과를 분석하였다. 프 로그램 참여자들은 인지적 정의적 영역에서 상대적으로 향상되는 변화를 도출하였다. 본 연구 결과는 집단 학습상담이 학생들의 학업 편차를 해소하고 자기 주도적 학습자로 자신의 학업 역량을 향상시키 는데 효과적임을 확인하였다.

The study was carried out to investigate the efficacy of current nutrition labeling of processed foods and examine awareness among university students of nutrition information given current nutrition labels, and also awareness of the one-serving size of snacks that come in differently sized packages. A total of 100 students in Chungbuk, Korea participated in this study. About 60% of the subjects knew about nutrition labeling; however, a very small percentage (11%) of the subjects reported an experience of being educated about nutrition labeling. Also, just 32% of the students checked nutrition labels when they purchased processed foods. When understanding of nutrition information on labels of snacks in differently sized packaging was tested, over 80% of the subjects understood nutrition information accurately. Five different package sizes were studied. Of these 5, packages containing about 200% of one standard serving showed the highest rate of misunderstanding of total energy contents per container. Interestingly, the students most strongly preferred containers that contained 300% of one standard serving. From these results, we conclude that students consider the current recommendation for a serving size to be small, which may be related to misreading of nutrition labels of snacks that come in packages containing less than 300% of one standard serving size. To improve accurate understanding of nutrition labels of snacks, total package labels or dual column labels on packages containing less than 300% of one standard serving size should be considered.

The purpose of this study is the examination of stress levels and the eating habits that are affected by stress, and the provision of basic nutritional education data for the improvement of the eating habits of students who have experienced stress-related nutritional problems. Using the BEPSI-K instruments, a questionnaire survey was administered to 327 student subjects (166 male and 161 female) in the areas of Seoul and Gangwon province. The subjects were classified into 3 groups (low-stress, medium-stress and high-stress), and 59 students (18%) belonged the high-stress group. The BMI readings of the Gangwon province students are significantly higher than those of the Seoul students. The survey results show that the lunch frequency and vegetable intake levels are lower in the high-stress group, whereas the intakes of hot spicy food is higher in this group; they also show that Gangwon province students had eating habits that are relatively undesirable compared with the Seoul students. There are significant differences between the Seoul students and Gangwon porvince students regarding residence type, household economic level, types of leisure activities and level of some stresses. The Gangwon province students ate occasionally breakfast, lunch and snacks, but their midnight snack consumption is relatively frequent compared with the Seoul students. The results of the survey indicate that the BEPSI-K score has a negative correlation with the following variables : sleeping time, economic level of household, degrees of satisfaction regarding appearance and academic achievements, lunch frequency and vegetable intakes. Desirable eating habits are essential for the maintenance of a favorable health status and for the stress-management of university students who need to be a healthy members of society in the near future. To facilitate the formation of desirable eating habits among university students, community-based nutritional assistance and appropriate nutritional education programs should be considered necessary.

The purpose of this study is the examination of stress levels and the eating habits that are affected by stress, and the provision of basic nutritional education data for the improvement of the eating habits of students who have experienced stress-related nutritional problems. Using the BEPSI-K instruments, a questionnaire survey was administered to 327 student subjects (166 male and 161 female) in the areas of Seoul and Gangwon province. The subjects were classified into 3 groups (low-stress, medium-stress and high-stress), and 59 students (18%) belonged the high-stress group. The BMI readings of the Gangwon province students are significantly higher than those of the Seoul students. The survey results show that the lunch frequency and vegetable intake levels are lower in the high-stress group, whereas the intakes of hot spicy food is higher in this group; they also show that Gangwon province students had eating habits that are relatively undesirable compared with the Seoul students. There are significant differences between the Seoul students and Gangwon porvince students regarding residence type, household economic level, types of leisure activities and level of some stresses. The Gangwon province students ate occasionally breakfast, lunch and snacks, but their midnight snack consumption is relatively frequent compared with the Seoul students. The results of the survey indicate that the BEPSI-K score has a negative correlation with the following variables : sleeping time, economic level of household, degrees of satisfaction regarding appearance and academic achievements, lunch frequency and vegetable intakes. Desirable eating habits are essential for the maintenance of a favorable health status and for the stress-management of university students who need to be a healthy members of society in the near future. To facilitate the formation of desirable eating habits among university students, community-based nutritional assistance and appropriate nutritional education programs should be considered necessary.

The purpose of this article was to research the difference in additional marketing satisfaction by lifestyle of Korean restaurant customers (focus on foreign students at university in Gangwon province). In this research, factor analysis, cluster analysis, and ANOVA were carried out. Lifestyle was divided into seven factors and six clusters. Additional marketing satisfaction was divided into three factors. Additional marketing satisfaction showed a significant difference by lifestyle of foreign students. First, ‘employee’ had a highest point at C3 ‘convenience·internet searching pursuit’ but lowest point at C4 ‘brand preference pursuit’ (p<0.001). ‘Service process’ had a highest point at C1 ‘safety·health pursuit’ but lowest point at C5 ‘effort pursuit’ (p<0.001). ‘Tangible clue’ had a highest point at C3 ‘convenience·internet searching pursuit’ but lowest point at C5 ‘effort pursuit’ (p<0.001). Additional marketing can reduce customer uncertainty, ambiguities, and wavering about eating at restaurants by intangibility of service. As a result, food-service corporations need to manage additional marketing as well as increase satisfaction and loyalty of customers.

최근 기후변화 신산업 등장과 성장 및 2015년도 온실가 스 거래제 시행 등으로 산업체 및 관련기관에서 기후변화전 문가의 인력 수요가 폭발적으로 증가할 것으로 예상되고 있다. 따라서 Eco기후환경 융합 인력 양성 사업단은 기후환 경변화와 관련한 기본 및 응용 교육과 현장 훈련을 통한 관련분야 융합지식을 갖춘 전문 인재 양성을 목표로 하고 있다. 지역사회 및 산업체 등 현장 실무형 전문인재 양성을 위하여 교과과정과 연계된 다양한 비교과 프로그램을 운영 하고 있다. 산학협력 가족회사와 연계한 현장실습 지원체계 구축 및 운영을 통한 현장 적응형 인재를 양성하고, 산업사 회에서 요구하는 전공지식을 습득하여 적응능력을 향상시 킨다. 그리고 현장실습과 연계하여 취업하도록 장려하고 있 다. 또한 취·창업, 학술동아리 활동, 캡스톤 디자인 등을 운 영·지원하여 학생들이 스스로 문제를 해결하는 능력을 키우 고, 취업관련 자격증 취득으로 취업률 향상에 기여하고 있 다. 또한, 실무에 바로 적용 가능한 학습을 통하여 학교와 기업체간 상호협력에 긍정적인 영향을 줄 것으로 기대하고 있다.

목 적: 안경광학과 재학생들의 진로정체감, 전공만족도, 대학생활적응과 자아존중감이 학업성취도에 미 치는 영향을 알아보고자 한다. 방 법: D대학교 안경광학과 재학생 108명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였으며, 학업성취도는 대학 입 학 후 2015학년도 1학기까지의 평균평점을 사용하였다. 수집된 자료는 IBM SPSS Statistics 22를 이용하여 신뢰도분석, 요인분석, 빈도분석, 기술통계량, t-검정과 분산분석, 다중회귀분석을 실시하였다. 결 과: 진로정체감, 전공만족도, 대학생활적응, 자아존중감과 학업성취도 간에는 모두 유의한 정적인 상 관관계를 보였고, 학업성취도와 가장 상관관계가 높은 것은 대학생활적응(ｒ=.320)이었다. 학업성취도에 영향을 미치는 요인은 진로정체감의 요인 중 흥미와 재능(β=.356, ｐ=.012)이었고, 전공만족도는 교과만족을 제외한 모든 변인이 유의미했으며, 대학생활적응 요인 중에서는 학업적응(β=.367, ｐ=.032)만이 유의한 영향을 미쳤고, 자아존중감의 하위요인 중 학업성취도에 영향을 미치는 요인은 자기존중(β=.292, ｐ=.047)이었다. 유의미한 변수들을 동시에 투입하여 학업성취도에 영향을 미치는 요인은 일반적인 전공만족도(β =.465, ｐ=.002)와 전공에 대한 인식만족도(β=-.415, ｐ=.003)가 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 결 론: 안경광학과 재학생의 학업성적을 높이기 위해서는 대학생활적응과 전공만족도 증진에 필요한 안 경광학과 특성에 맞는 구체적인 프로그램이 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between sports commitment, sportswear brand satisfaction, and brand loyalty of female university students in their 20s. Two hundred surveys were distributed to female university students, and 185 responses were used for the final analysis. The SPSS program was used with a reliability test and factor, frequency, path analysis. Based on the literature review, the following five hypotheses were suggested. H1: Cognitive commitment will have a positive effect on the behavioral commitment of sports commitment factors. H2: The behavioral commitment of female university students will have a positive effect on brand satisfaction. H3: Sportswear brand satisfaction will have a positive effect on continuous brand loyalty. H4: Cognitive commitment will have a positive effect on habitual brand loyalty. H5: Continuous brand loyalty will have a positive effect on habitual brand loyalty. The results of this study showed that first, after the factor analysis, there were two factors of sports commitment (behavioral commitment and cognitive commitment). Second, the path analysis results revealed that there were significant relationships between sports commitment factors (cognitive commitment and behavioral commitment), sportswear brand satisfaction, and brand loyalty factors (continuous brand loyalty and habitual brand loyalty). The results revealed that cognitive commitment had a positive relationship with behavioral commitment, which had a positive relationship with sportswear brand satisfaction. Sportswear brand satisfaction had a positive relationship with continuous brand loyalty, which had a positive relationship with habitual brand loyalty. Cognitive commitment also had a positive relationship with habitual brand loyalty.

The purpose of menu labeling is to offer eating environments with improved healthy food selection. Similar to U.S. policies, the Korea government enforces the Special Act on Children’s Food Safety and Nutrition for provision of nutritional labeling in chain restaurants. Considering the importance of dining services for college students and their interests in health, this study examined college students’ perception toward nutrition information provided by university dining services. A survey was conducted for university students. Students' recognition of nutrition information for university dining services was lower than recognition of nutrition information for commercial food services. The most common reason cited by students for considering nutrition information of university dining services was customer rights, followed by health maintenance. Students showed a high tendency to use nutrition information of university dining services. College students’ motivation for knowing nutrition information of university dining services included health and value interests. Students’ knowledge of nutrition had a positive effect on their intention to know nutrition information. The findings of this study offer university administrators and contract food service management companies directions for developing menu labeling for university dining services.

This study was conducted to provide fundamental data on the awareness of radiation, specifically the differences between general awareness, psychological state and harmful effects. Data was collected from 334 University students in the Chungbuk region through a self-administered questionnaire. According to the results of the reliability and factor analysis, the awareness of radiation was 2.80, with a Cronbach alpha coefficient of 0.815 and KMO of 0.798. Factor analysis extracted three components of the awareness of radiation, which we named general awareness (factor 1), psychological state (factor 2), and harmful effect (factor 3). There were significant differences in the general awareness of natural radiation and radiation-containing foods (p<0.05), whereas no significant differences were found in the general awareness of radiation food supply (p>0.05). Also, the psychological state showed a significant difference in exposure inspection, future exposure, and radiation-containing food (p<0.05), whereas no significant differences were found in the refusal of radiation inspection (p>0.05). The harmful effects showed a significant difference in the rejection of radiation (p<0.05), but no significant differences in the cancer and genetic effects, diseases and physical harmfulness (p>0.05). A significant positive result (p<0.05) was found for the psychological state according to the harmful effects of radiation. Based on this study, detailed and continuous education must be accomplished by increasing the awareness of radiation and the acceptance level, conveying a proper understanding of radiation and assisting subjects with receiving the information they desire through various educational mediums.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the sodium-related dietary attitudes, behaviors, and nutritional knowledge in university students according to the practice of dietary guidelines for Koreans established by the Ministry of Health and Welfare, Republic of Korea. Based on the total practice score related to the dietary guidelines (PDG), we classified subjects into a “low practice of the dietary guidelines (LPDG)” group (n=94, male=43, female=51) (total score of PDG ≤13) and a “high practice of the dietary guidelines (HPDG)” group (n=56, male=32, female=24) (total score of PDG >13). Subjects were asked about general characteristics, lifestyle, salt-related dietary attitudes, behaviors, and nutritional knowledge using a questionnaire. The LPDG group had more subjects who were breakfast skippers (p<0.001) compared to the HPDG group. The LPDG group (31.26) had a significantly lower score in terms of salt-related dietary attitudes compared to the HPDG group (33.77) (p=0.0042). The score for salt-related dietary attitudes was significantly higher in the HPDG (32.52) group than in the LPDG (29.91) group (p=0.0041). There was no significant difference in the total score for salt-related nutrition knowledge between the groups. The correlation analysis indicated that the dietary guidelines practice score had a positive correlation with the salt-related dietary attitude score (r=0.3593, p<0.0001) and the dietary attitude score (r=0.3443, p<0.0001) after adjustments for sex. These results show that the degree of adherence to the dietary guidelines for adults may be related to sodium-related dietary attitudes, behaviors, and nutrition knowledge.

Recent university students are under a lot of stresses due to academic performance, employment, and anxiety about the future in the fierce competition. Mobile games can be used as a plan which can reduce the stresses of these students. However, if they play too long the games, it will cause another big problems. In this paper, we experimented to look for the best mobile game time to alleviate the stresses of university students as follows. First, we chose 16 people which have more stress load than the average student through stress tests by the basic diagnosis questionnaire. Second, we did total eight experiments on the stresses of the subjects in the study. That is, the experiment was carried out once before the test, 6 times for the mobile game (60 minutes), and once before the experiment. Third, we did T-test and multivariate analysis on the collecting data. As a result, it is proved that the mobile game for about 20 minutes could derive the effect on reducing stresses.

There are so many animals, mostly dogs, that have been abandoned by their families to roam around the streets of Korean cities and towns. These animals often die in a miserable way such as being run over or being killed and eaten. It is a terrible site to see these dogs, lost and confused in a world without kindness. One solution to the problem is adoption, as it can save life and by example become a driving force to fundamental change in the thinking of other and in society. We are aimed to conduct the survey research to evaluate the university students's awareness of the adoption of the abandoned animals. We deals with the findings obtained from extensive interviews with a representative samples. The objectives of interviews included 789 students in Wonkwang, Keimyung and Chosun University. Questions focused on how students were recognized the need and policies of the adoption of the abandoned animals. Questionnaire and technical data are analysed and summarized. As the results of the survey research, the objectives of interviews had well understood about the policies of adoption of the abandoned animals. Conclusionally, the promotions of adoption of the abandoned animals were need. The effective promotions of the adoption of the abandoned animals will be desirable for the establishment of abandoned animal welfare.