The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors of food adaptation and the changes of food habit on Koreans residing in America. The subject was 89 Koreans residing in Knoxville, TN. The survey was undertaken from October to December of 1995. Demographic characteristics, food behavior, composite adaptation score(CAS), composition of Korean and American foods in 1 day, and frequence and preference changes of foods was determined. The results were summarized as fellows : The mean CAS for all subjects was 17.6 with individual scores ranging from 9 to 23. The CAS were significantly different in residing age, American friends, English speaking ability, eat with Koreans, American food experience before, American food experience now, breakfast type in weekday, breakfast type in weekday, and self-food habits change at p<0.05. No significant differences in CAS could be attributed to sex, marital status, children, and job. Food consumption patterns for breakfast was Korean style 58%, American style 39.3%. For lunch both style was almost same, and for supper Korean style was 78.2%. The intake of food most frequent was rice, and then Kimchee. The preference of Korean foods was increased, though the frequence was decreased. The preference and frequence of American foods were increased respectively.

Due to the continuous change of socio-economic circumstances and dietary pattern, the need to change recommended dietary allowances and the basic food groups has been required. Consequently, there have been six revisions of the Korea RDAs, the national recommanded dietary allowances. I reviewed the six sequences of revisions concerning the basic food groups. Up to the fifth revision, the ranks of the basic food groups were based upon the dietary needs of the people of the perspective era. However, in the sixth revision, there was no rank associated with the food groups, but the food groups were portrayed in a food composition tower that explained their importance and their necessary consumption amounts. I could indirectly observe the dietary pattern of each era by analyzing the basic food groups and the representative foods of each food group. I also studied information of pictorial representations of the basic food groups and compared the items of the representative foods with nutrient analysis table. By observing nutrient analysis table, I analyzed whether the clarified representative foods of the basic food groups are indeed foods that were eaten frequently by people daily.

The purpose of this thesis is a searching out the characteristics of Japanese dwellings implanted into Korea in the time of the rule of Japanese imperialism and its influences on Korean modern dwellings especially in the time of 1930's. At the early stage of the colonial time(1905~1919), the central corridor type Japanese dwellings were implanted into Korea for the Japanese official residences. The central corridor type Japanese dwelling was an urban modern dwelling compromised between Japanese style and western style and distinguished by an outer-court type plan, Japanese entrance hall, central corridor and western style reception room. After the 1920's the central corridor type Japanese dwellings have spreaded itself and became a prototype of a modern dwelling in Korea. The characteristics of the central corridor type Japanese dwellings have influenced on the Korean high class dwellings and Korean architects' proposals for modern dwelling in the time of 1930's. By the implantation and spread of the central corridor type Japanese dwellings, Korean modern dwellings at the same time have affected and undergone transformation. The aspects of transformation were ; The outbreaking of the Japanese style entrance and central corridor, the transformation of MaDang from the inner court with a function of circulation into the outer court garden with plants and the transformation of Korean dwellings from the rural inner court type into the urban outer court type. The central corridor type Japanese dwellings implanted into Korea in the time of the rule of Japanese imperialism makes function as a precedent of a modern urban dwelling to Korean and makes Korean dwellings transform from the rural inner court type into the urban outer court type.

This study showed the effect of fermented milk on the cholesterol level of Korean. 130 persona among the teachers of elementary, middle and high schools, professors and graduate school students were divided into two groups according to their cholesterol level and provided with fermented milk 300 ml dairly from Sep.25 to No. V3. They were given blood test at 20 days and 40 days after drinking fermented milk, and surveyed about their ordinary life style and the change of fecal condition. Cholesterol, LDL and the ratio of LDL and HDL in blood were significantly decreased in both high cholesterol group and normal group while HDL cholesterol was notably increased. TG showed slightly tendency of decrease in normal group while no changed in high group. There is no significant change in cholesterol level after drinking fermented milk among groups which are divided by factors of dringking, smoking, caffeine, B.M.I. and family history. The research also showed that drinking fermented milk improved the fecal frequency and fecal condition.

Bifidobacteria have been known as beneficial inhabitant of human intestine. Therefore, bifidobacteria began to be noticed as a starter inthe manufacture of fermented dairy products. Perhaps the key for effective use of bifidobacteria in commercial dairy products is the maintenance of viability of bifidobacteria during large scale preparation of starter culture and distribution of products. So we tried to obtain the bifidobacteria having suitable characteristics for using as a starter in the manufacture of fermented dairy products. Among bifidobacteria isolated from Korean, E-4 strain showed the highest resistance to oxygen. To know whether the selected strain will be fit for manufacture of fermented dairy products, we also investigated resistance of the selected strain to HCl. The selected strain, E-4, was more resistant to environmental stresses such as oxygen, H_2O_2 and HCL than Bifidobacterium longum known as resistant strain to environmental stresses. According to carbohydrate fermentation patterns and morphological characteristics, E-4 strain was identified as B. bifidum. In conclusion, the selected strain, E-4, was thought to be fit for manufacture of fermented dairy products.

This study was undertaken to determine factors associated with infant feeding practices among highly educated Korean mothers living in Texas, USA and local populations. In both groups, infant's birth order, maternal age, prenatal education, husband's attitude, mother's attitude and infant's taking a bottle to bed were not associated with infant's feeding patterns significantly. However, there was a significant difference in initiating time for introduction of supplementary foods between Koreans and Americans. Thus Korean mothers introduced supplementary foods earlier than American counterparts. Furthermore the infant's feeding method among all participants affected the time for introducing supplementary foods significantly. Though attitude of Korean mothers toward breastfeeding was slightly more positive than that of American mothers, the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding in Koreans was much lower than that in Americans. It might be suggested that effective nutrition education program for Korean subjects should be developed to practice breastfeeding from positive attitude and knowledge. It might be also suggested that participation of prenatal nutrition education involving fathers should be encouraged for promotion of rates of initiation and duration of exclusive breastfeeding of mothers.

본 연구는 식생활의 중요성을 강조하기 위하여 통계자료를 통해 10년간(1982∼1991년)의 요로결석환자의 증가추세와 식생활변화와의 상관성을 고찰한 것이다. 동 기간의 4개 대학병원연보와 대한비뇨기과학회에 발표된 결석환자의 자료를 바탕으로 환자의 수효, 성별비, 연령비, 결석구성 성분비, 칼슘결석의 원인을 분석 종합하였다. 동 기간의 보건사회통계연보, 한국농촌경제연구원 식품수급표, 보건사회부 국민영양조사 자료를 통하여 식품공급, 영양섭취를 분석종합하였다. 상기자료를 바탕으로 결석환자의 증가와 식품공급, 영양섭취의 상관관계를 분석 종합하였다. 본 연구는 표본대상이 일정하지 않은 통계자료를 비교했다는 제한점 때문에 연구결과를 일반화 시킬 수 없다. 연결과는 다음과 같다. 상기자료에서 요로결석환자는 10년간에 2.5배가 되었다 (4개 대학병윈). 요로결석환자의 남녀비율은 2.1: 1이며 연령분포는 30∼39세 24.7%, 40∼49세 24.7%, 50∼59세 23.0%이었다. 요로결석환자는 결석구성성분으로 볼 때 칼슘계통 결석환자가 85.8%이다. 칼슘계통에서도 수산칼슘결석환자가 제일 큰 비중을 차지하며 전체의 65.2%이다. 칼슘결석환자들은 과칼슘뇨증과 과뇨산뇨증의 빈도가 정상인보다 많았다. 도시가구당 월가계지출비는 3.5배, 식료품비는 2.5배, 보건의료비는 2.4배의 증가를 보임으로써 식료품비의 월가계지출에서 차지하는 비중은 감소하였다. 1일 식품섭취량(g/인)에서 육류는 2.5배, Ca을 많이 함유한 우유와 해조류는 각기 4배, 2.4배가 되었다. 1일 영양섭취량에서 Ca은 불규칙한 증감을 보이며 동 기간에 1.1배로 되었다. 1일 식품공급량(g/인)을 비교하면 고기는 1.9배, 수산함량이 풍부한 시금치는 1.4배가 되었다. 반면 멸치, 미역, 김, 고등어, 청어의 공급량은 불규칙한 증감을 보였다. 결석환자 증가추세와 식품과의 상관관계를 구하였다. 식품섭취에 있어서 상관계수는 해조류(r=0.923), 육류(r=0.860), 우유(r=0.827) 순으로 높게 나타났다. 식품공급에 있어서의 상관계수는 쇠고기, 멸치, 청어, 고등어를 종합하여 본 purine 함유군(r=0.855)에서 높은 수치를 나타냈다. Ca을 함유한 식품인 멸치, 김, 미역, 새우를 종합하여 본 상관계수(r=0.270)는 낮았다. 영양섭취에 있어서 단백질(r=0.443), 동물성 단백질(r=0.488)은 중위의 상관관계를 나타냈으며 Ca(r=-0.028)과는 음의 극히 낮은 상관관계를 보여주었다.

In this study, we analyzed 2-day food records of the 1990 Korean National Nutrition Survey data for 2,000 households, and investigated most popular menu patterns by area, income, meal. The basic menu patterns of Korean, excluding side dishes, were Rice+Soup, Rice+Stew, Rice, Others, Rice+Soup+Stew in the order of proportion for all analyzed sectors. And the proportion of menus with the rice as a main dish was about 90% on the whole. The most popular menus of Korean were Rice+Soup+Kimchi(4.52%), Noodle+Kimchi(4.30%). When they ate rice as a main dish, they had soup, kimchi, and 1 or 2 other side dishes. At large cities, Noodle+Kimchi was the most frequent menu(5.20%). On the other hands, small cities and rural areas, Rice+Soup+Kimchi+Cooked vegetable was common. For the households which salaries less than 5 million won, Rice+Stew+Kimchi is the most prevalent, but households which salaries higher than 5 million won, Noodle+Kimchi was most frequent. At breakfast and dinner, the proportion of Rice+Stew+Kimchi+Cooked vegetable was 4.70%. But at lunch, Noodle+Kimchi was the most frequent and other menu combinations based on noodle were also common. Therefore most households showed conventional rice based menu patterns, but these patterns were decreasing for the large cities, and high income households. Especially at lunch, they used various menus which were not based on rice.

In this report, we investigated meal patterns by area, age, profession from the data of the Korean National Nutrition Survey which had been carried out in 1989. The proportion of home prepared meal was about 90% at breakfast and dinner, and 46.3% at lunch. People had meals outside of home mainly at lunch(31.1%), and usually ate restaurant meal(17.7%). The proportion of meal skipped was 7.1% at breakfast, 3.9% at lunch, and 1.2% at dinner. At large city, 10.3% of people skipped breakfast, it was the highest proportion among three areas(large city, small city, and rural area). Also, the proportion of meal outside of homes was the highest among all areas. In rural area, home prepared meal was prevalent for all meals. Among all age groups, people between 20 and 49 ate out most frequently. For people between age 16 and 19, meal skipping was frequent for breakfast and dinner, especially, 20.5% of girl skipped breakfast. At lunch, the proportion of meal skipping was the highest in age higher than 50 groups. Among all professions, people in service job skipped lunch and dinner at the highest proportion. Manager and deskworker skipped breakfast by 12.9% and they ate out at lunch by 82.5%.