of hazardous risk factors, risk estimation and determination steps by reflecting the trend of overseas risk assessment. METHODS : In deriving, estimating and determining risk factors, comparing the procedures presented by the ILO with the domestic guidline to find out the differences in procedural. and, According to the domestic manual, after setting the criteria for determining a deterministic perspective, analyze the risk assessment data of a specific domestic company and three overseas risk assessment research data to analyze the differences in methodology domestic and abroad. RESULTS : Within the country, there is a possibility that a deterministic view may be applied to all stages of procedure, and certain corporate data to the risk estimation and determination stage. In the case of overseas, the trend of applying deterministic perspectives to the risk determination stage was confirmed. CONCLUSIONS : Present the need for a standard model for improving deterministic methods in the other two stages, excluding risk determination in the domestic evaluation procedure.

This study analyzed the factors affecting the effectiveness of the Chemical Hazard Risk Management (CHARM). A survey was conducted on 104 learners who participated in the Risk Assessment training course at Occupational Safety and Health Training Institute. Through a self-administered questionnaire, the effect of personal characteristics, corporate characteristics, and safety and health level of the company on the effectiveness of chemical risk assessment was investigated. As a result of statistical analysis, the safety and health level of the company had a positive (+) effect on the effectiveness of Chemical Hazard Risk Management(CHARM), but personal characteristics and corporate characteristics had no relation to it. This study can be used as basic data for further research related to chemical risk assessment in workplaces.

PURPOSES : This study analyzes the estimated traffic volumes on roads and railways based on econometrics. METHODS : The accuracy of traffic forecasting was analyzed based on the average difference between predicted and actual values. This study distinguishes itself from existing literature by conducting a comparative analysis categorized by project type. In this study, econometric analyses, including bias and efficiency evaluation, were conducted for 308 projects in Korea. RESULTS : We conducted econometric analysis by dividing the data into project types. This study examines the accuracy of estimates in South Korea's road and railway projects concerning various factors, including project types (mobility-focused or accessibility-focused), implementing agencies, and the performance of preliminary feasibility studies. Notably, it identifies a tendency for overestimation, particularly in railway projects and mobility-focused road projects, such as expressways and national highways, as well as in projects executed by local governments. The mean percentage error (MPE) for the analyzed projects was -46.62%, indicating a significant overestimation bias with resulting inefficiencies. However, our analysis revealed that road projects, particularly those accompanied by preliminary feasibility studies and implemented by the central government, exhibited reduced bias and improved efficiency. The presence or absence of preliminary feasibility studies significantly influenced estimation bias. Interestingly, even when preliminary feasibility studies are conducted, the choice of the implementing agency remains a crucial factor affecting estimation bias. In addition, railway projects continue to demonstrate a notable overestimation bias, warranting further attention. CONCLUSIONS : Considering bias, efficiency, and MPE is advisable when forecasting traffic.

DEA(data envelopment analysis) is a technique for evaluation of relative efficiency of decision making units (DMUs) that have multiple input and output. A DEA model measures the efficiency of a DMU by the relative position of the DMU’s input and output in the production possibility set defined by the input and output of the DMUs being compared. In this paper, we proposed several DEA models measuring the multi-period efficiency of a DMU. First, we defined the input and output data that make a production possibility set as the spanning set. We proposed several spanning sets containing input and output of entire periods for measuring the multi-period efficiency of a DMU. We defined the production possibility sets with the proposed spanning sets and gave DEA models under the production possibility sets. Some models measure the efficiency score of each period of a DMU and others measure the integrated efficiency score of the DMU over the entire period. For the test, we applied the models to the sample data set from a long term university student training project. The results show that the suggested models may have the better discrimination power than CCR based results while the ranking of DMUs is not different.

최근 국가연구개발의 집행예산은 증가 추세에 있고, 이에 따라 국가연구개발 사업의 양적 성과 또한 증가하고 있으나, 질적 성과의 증가세는 양적 성과 대비 취약한 것으로 나타나고 있다. 특허등급 및 기술이전효율성이 낮은 기술 등 질적 성과 부진의 원인으로 ‘건 수’ 위주의 성과평가에 대한 개선 필요성이 제기되고 있으며, 이에 대한 대응으로 다양한 ‘질적 성과지표’를 이용한 성과평가가 도입되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 여러 질적 성과지표 중 주요국 (미국, 유럽, 일본) 특허청에 모두 출원하여 특허의 해외경쟁력을 측정할 수 있는 ‘삼극특허’ 창출 과제를 대상으로 연구개발사업의 질적성과 평가를 위한 성과지표로서 삼극특허에 영향을 미치는 요인을 분석하였다. 분석결과, R&D규모 요인 및 과제특성 요인 중 일부는 삼극특허 창출에 통계적으로 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 성과분석 측면에서 선행 연구가 상대적으로 미진한 삼극특허를 관심대상으로 확장하고, 삼극특허 창출의 영향요인을 선형회귀분석(OLS)을 통해 살펴본 초기연구라는 점에서 의의가 있다.

The rate of industrial accident reduction is slowing down as the attention of the Ministry of Employment and Labor and related agencies on risk assessment systems decreased. this paper focuses on weakness of legal system for the risk assessment in recent years. A survey was conducted to identify the status and condition of the risk assessment system applying on small and medium-sized manufacturing companies. A set of questionnaires is designed to reflect various perspectives of the companies regarding the problems and solutions of the system. The results refer that differentiated instructions and support systems in response to the actual conditions of the companies are mandatory to reinforce the efficiency of risk assessment system.

This study aimed to develop a questionnaire that is suitable for the resident-participatory ODA evaluation to minimize the bias and insufficient scientific rigor in the self-made questionnaire developed by evaluators. A modified Delphi survey was conducted twice with 16 ODA experts who had experience in international cooperative development in the fields of rural development, education, health, and poverty. Sixty-two questions were finally selected for resident-participatory ODA evaluation: 7 questions on relevance, 8 questions on efficiency, 9 questions on effectiveness, 11 questions on impact, questions on for sustainability, 4 questions on gender mainstreaming and environmental impact, and 17 questions on spillover effect on the community. A resident survey with the newly developed questionnaire will generate high-quality data that can empirically analyze the causal-effect relationship between ODA activities and performance, and community changes, and it can also contribute to the development of a quantitative ODA evaluation tool at a local level of recipient countries.

This study is to evaluate the prior economic feasibility of the off-shore fisheries stock enhancement project. The main findings of this study can be summarized as follows: first, offshore fisheries stock enhancement project shall be implemented by dividing them into 1st·2nd·3rd projects for efficient promotion. The 1st·2nd·3rd projects will be conducted in a total of 50 locations (the eastern sea, the western sea, the southern sea, and the jeju sea areas), and the project period per unit will be five years, which will cost 1 trillion won. Second, according to the results of the survey on public awareness, the most consumed marine species in Korea over the past year were analyzed in the order of mackerel, hairtail, squid, yellow corvina, blue crab, and cod. The dominant response to the reason for consuming marine products in Korea was healthy well-being food and safe food. In addition, 67.9% of them have hesitated to purchase offshore fish species over the past year due to high prices, indicating that they are burdened by high prices. On the other hand, 79% of the respondents said that the government’s policy was insufficient, according to a survey on whether the government's coastal marine resource creation policy was sufficient. Third, as a result of preliminary economic analysis of offshore fisheries stock enhancement project, the benefit-cost ratio is 4.01, net present price is 1,283.7 billion won, and internal rate of return is 91.7% per year, which means that the economic analysis ensures the feasibility of the projects. The results of this study provide useful information on securing or organizing budgets for offshore fisheries stock enhancement project by securing economic feasibility as a national infrastructure project that increases fishery income and public benefits such as consumption of marine products.

PURPOSES : This study defines travel time reliability as a concept that explains the change in travel time that passengers can hardly predict and calculates the value of travel time reliability based on travel objectives. METHODS : Because the reliability of passage time is difficult to estimate from actual passenger data, standard quantification measures have not been established despite various interests. In this study, the reliability of transit time was defined as the expense that passengers did not recognize in advance, such as an accidental delay caused by unforeseen circumstances. For analysis based on the individual behavior of users, the data were constructed using the optional experiment method (marginal rate of substitution method) of the stated preference survey, which has the advantage of controlling the correlation between attribute variables and maintaining the independence of the data of the study. RESULTS : Consequently, the reliability value of travel time in mandatory-purposed traffic was almost identical to the value of travel time, and the reliability value of travel time in return and shopping/leisure, which is not mandatory during non-business-purpose traffic, is lower than the value of travel time. Comparing and analyzing with existing studies on estimating the reliability value of transit time, both work/ non-work purposes are in line with the overall research results. CONCLUSIONS : Estimating the reliability value of transit time for each purpose of passage was the first attempt, and it is meaningful to suggest a direction for quantifying and applying the reliability value of transit time along with the passage time value of this study.

1. 본 연구의 목적은 한국 공여기관이 수행한 ODA 사업을 대상으로 수원국 주민에 의한 정량적 평가방법이 사후평가에 적용가능한지를 탐구함. 2. PLS-SEM 모형을 통해 OECD/DAC 5대 기준별 점수를 산출하였으며 추가로 ODA 성과가 주민 만족도와 공여국 이미지에 미치는 영향관계를 분석함. 3. 주민은 OECD/DAC 5대 기준 중 영향력에 대해 가장 낮은 점수를 부여하였으며 ODA 성과가 높을수록 주민 만족도와 공여국 이미지는 높아지는 것으로 나타남. 4. 본 연구를 통해 ODA 사업 사후평가에 주민참여형 정량적 평가의 적용가능성을 확인하였으며 본 평가방법은 공여국 전문가 주도의 평가방식을 보완하는 목적으로 그 유용성이 클 것으로 기대함.

This study is to evaluate economic effect of the creation project of snow crab, Chionoecetes opilio, spawning and habitat ground in Uljin and Youngdeok county. The main results of this study are summarized as follows: first, 14,400 million won was invested in the creation project cost of Chionoecetes opilio spawning and habitat ground of Uljin and Youngdeok County from 2015 to 2020. Second, the creation project of Chionoecetes opilio spawning and habitat ground directly provides fishing benefits, festival benefits, research and development benefits and employment benefits. Third, on the basis of above benefits, the creation project of Chionoecetes opilio spawning and habitat ground has net present value of 29,900.53 million won, internal rate of return 16.9%, and benefit-cost of 2.91 under a 4.5% social discount rate. Also, the creation project creates 195 jobs. This indicates that the creation project of Chionoecetes opilio spawning and habitat ground not only contributes to the increase in the income of coastal fishery and fishing villages but also to the job making. The result of this study provides useful information to policy makers or project managers as it shows that the project to create spawning and habitat ground should be carried out in consideration of the resource and biological characteristics of individual fish and that economic assessment logic should also be developed based on this. Also, it proves that the project to create a snow crab spawning and habitat ground is a national and local infrastructure project that increases the actual fishing income in the region. At the same time, it maintains the reproducibility function of most fish species, along with enhancing the people's benefits such as fishing village tourism and marine product consumption. Moreover, it provides useful information on budgeting for the continuous development of snow crab spawning and habitat ground in the mid to long-term.

본 연구는 특허 인용 정보를 활용하여 국가연구개발사업의 특허를 평가할 수 있는 새로운 방법을 제시하였다. 이를 위해 가장 대표적으로 특허의 가치나 질을 나타내는 특허의 전방인용 수(피인용 수)를 활용하고, 특허 인용 네트워크에서 개별 특허가 얼마나 중 요한 역할을 하고 있는지를 나타내는 네트워크의 중심성 지수를 활용하여 국가연구개발사업 의 특허와 민간부문의 특허를 비교하였다. 분석 결과 국가연구개발사업의 특허는 특허의 특 성과 출원인의 특성, 기술분야의 특성, 연도 효과를 통제하고도 전방인용 수, 연결중심성, 매 개중심성, 페이지 랭크 모두 높은 것으로 나타났다. 즉, 국가연구개발사업의 특허는 민간부문의 특허에 비해 후행기술에 직접 더 많은 영향을 주며, 선행기술과 후행기술을 직접 연결한 다. 또한 국가연구개발사업의 특허는 민간부문의 특허에 비해 기술의 효율적인 발전에 기여 하며, 중요한 기술들을 연결하는 것으로 나타났다.