본 연구는 국유림 산림경영의 경제성을 실증적으로 분석하여, 경영 효율성을 평가하는 데 목적이 있다. 국유림 산림경영은 국가 주도로 장기간 이루어졌지만, 실질적인 경제적 성과에 대한 체계적인 검토는 부족한 상황이었다. 이에, 목재 생산 과정에서 발생하는 조림, 숲 가꾸기, 솎아베기, 수확 등의 주요 사업 비용과 판매 수익을 종합적으로 분석하였다. 분석은 산림청의 공식 지침 및 공시 자료를 기반으로 주요 수종별 시업 기준을 적용하여 단위 면적(ha)당 투입비용과 수익을 평가하였다. 분석 결과, 국유림 1ha를 경영하는 데에는 약 4,312만 원의 비용이 소요되는 것으로 추정되었다. 반면, 목재 판매를 통해 얻는 평균 수익은 ha당 약 313만 원에 불과하여, 국고 순손실이 약 93% 발생하였다. 이는 현재의 산림경영 구조로는 임업경영의 기본인 경제적 지속 가능성 확보가 불가능함을 보여준다. 특히, 국유림의 임목 매각 가격이 사유림보다 높게 책정됨에도 불구하고, 기대했던 수익성 확보에 실패한 점이 확인되었다. 또한, 국유림의 벌기령(50~60년)을 준수하더라도 입목축적과 매각단가가 기대치에 미치지 못하는 현실도 드러났다. 이러한 결과는 국유림 및 사유림 경영 정책의 전면적인 재검토와 체계적인 관리 전략 재수립의 필요성을 강하게 시사한다.

이 연구에서는 환노출이 기업의 투자비효율성과 갖는 관계를 확인한다. 표본 기간은 2007년부터 2022년까지 16년 동안이며, 분석 대상 기업은 한국의 유가증권시장과 코스닥시장에 상장된 비금융업종 기업이다. 분석결과, 환노출이 존재하는 기업에서 과대투자와 과소투자를 포함한 비효율적인 투자가 감소하여 투자효율성 이 향상된다. 이러한 결과는 환노출이 존재하는 것으로 확인되는 경우 경영자는 기회주의적 행동을 하기보다는, 위 험을 인지하고 기업 성과를 극대화할 수 있는 투자 결정을 내리기 때문인 것으로 판단된다. 환노출이 외부 감시 메커니즘으로 작용하여 투자비효율성을 감소시킨다는 분석결과는 환노출 추정 모형과 환노출과 투자비효율성 간 의 관계 추정모형 선택과 무관하게 일관성 있게 나타나는 결과이다. 그러나 글로벌 금융위기 동안에는 환노출과 투 자비효율성 간에 유의적인 관계를 확인할 수 없다. 이는 글로벌 금융위기가 초래한 환노출의 직접적인 영향인 환 위험의 증가로 인한 불확실성의 확대와 경영자와 외부이해관계자 간의 정보비대칭 확대로 인한 경영자의 비효율적 인 투자 선택 가능성 증가 효과가, 환노출의 간접적인 영향인 시장의 규율효과에 의한 비효율적 투자 감소효과를 상쇄시키기 때문인 것으로 판단된다. 이 연구는 환노출이 기업 투자비효율성에 미치는 영향을 경영자와 외부 감시 메커니즘의 관계 관점에서 분석함 으로써 환노출이 기업에 미치는 영향에 대한 연구 영역을 확장시키고 있다는 측면에서 학술적 의의를 갖는다.

Objectives: The main purpose of this study was to identify problems such as cooking fumes and lack of ventilation in school cafeterias and evaluate the improvement in the reduction of indoor pollutants in the cooking rooms through renovation. Methods: Three schools were selected for renovation and the spatial structures and air conditioning system of the cafeterias and cooking rooms wre investigated after renovation. The air conditioning systems were improved by the renovation work according to the characteristics of each school, and the concentration of indoor pollutants was measured and evaluated through CFD analysis. Results: The concentration of indoor pollutants in the cafeterias and cafe rooms was decreased after renovation. Conclusion: Air conditioning systems in the schools cafeterias and cooking rooms were improved in order to solve the problems of ventilation, and the indoor air quality improvement rate ranged from a minimum of 11% to a maximum of 40%. The renovation of cafeterias and cooking rooms was conducted to optimize the ventilation systems and this contributed to indoor air quality improvement by preventing the inflow of pollutants.

The choice of lashing material is considered to be one of the important decision-making matters in securing the stability of cargo and ships in a situation where in-ship cargo must be tied by cargo and unit and fixed to the ship. This study focused on examining the breaking strength of woven lashing in use at the lashing work site and confirming safety through a comparison of related technical standards. As a result of the experiment, the minimum system fracture strength required according to the manufacturer's specifications was 8,500 daN/(18,700 lbf), and the experimental results averaged 9,012 daN(20,259 lbf), indicating that it met the criteria. In addition, the average actual elongation at maximum fixed loads (MSL: 4,620 daN(10,164 lbf)) was 5.9%, which met the criteria specified in CTU Code Appendix 7(MSC.1/Circ.1497). Applying woven lashing to coil lashing work in ships, lashing material costs were reduced by an average of 25% for the same workload during coil lashing work, the lashing time was shortened, resulting in an average reduction of 10% in ship mooring time.

The purpose of this study was to identify and evaluate hazardous road sections based on roadside friction. Using GIS mapping and clustering techniques, this study analyzed traffic accidents and roadside friction data based on latitude and longitude coordinates. The density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise (DBSCAN) algorithm was applied, with parameters of MinPts = 5 and eps = 0.0001, determined through a K-nearest neighbor analysis. The data were separated based on traffic flow direction (uphill/ downhill), and clustering was performed separately in each direction to identify specific hazard zones. The DBSCAN clustering results revealed 18 clusters in traffic accident data and 44 clusters in roadside friction data. Traffic accident clusters include various types of accidents (e.g., vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-pedestrian accidents), identifying locations as high-accident zones. The clustering results from the roadside friction data highlighted areas with crosswalks, absence of curbs, and roadside parking zones as major risk sections. Future research should analyze the operational design domain (ODD) of autonomous vehicles on hazardous road sections and explore the integration of multiple data sources to establish a comprehensive safety management system for accident prevention in autonomous driving environments. Additionally, road hazard sections are categorized into stages (e.g., hazardous, cautious, and safe) to enhance the precision in assessing road conditions. This categorization, combined with a detailed analysis of ODD, serves as a foundation for future research aimed at improving the safety of autonomous driving environments.

A study on the denitrification of reverse osmosis(RO) concentrated wastewater from sewage reuse treatment plant in P city was conducted using waste desulfurization agent obtained from desulfurization process. Sulfur-based autotrophic denitrifying carrier comprises the predetermined amount of waste iron sulfide (FeS, Fe2S3), mine drainage sludge and elemental sulfur showing mesoporisity with 9.9 nm (99 Å) of average pore size. Sulfur denitrifying bacteria and sulfur reducing bacteria were implanted into the pores of sulfur denitrifying carrier. Nitrate was not affected by empty bed contact time (EBCT). It is probably due to larger reducing capacity of the carrier than the concentration of nitrate in RO concentrated wastewater. Total nitrogen (T-N) removal efficiency exhibited about 90% after 4 days. Sulfate ion was surprisingly decreased with sulfur autotropic process due to the reduction of sulfate ion to HS- and S2- by sulfur reducing bacteria. Sulfide and hydrogen sulfide ions were then taken by Fe(OH)3, main component of mine drainage sludge, releasing OH-. Alkalinity was therefore maintained between 7.5 and 8.5 in pH by the released OH-. Also, it had the effect of suppressing the production of H2S, which causes bad odor.

PURPOSES : In this study, the factors affecting commuting time according to city, county, and ward were empirically analyzed. METHODS : We estimated the average commuting time according to city, county, and ward by controlling for the characteristics of individual commuters, using a 2% sample of the Population and Housing Census of the National Statistical Office, and performed a twostage regression analysis using the average commuting time as the dependent variable. RESULTS : Among the regional attributes in the second stage, the share of commuters with different work and living areas was analyzed as a representative factor causing longer commuting times. The proportion of each mode of transportation in the total regional traffic volume and the population and household characteristics were also analyzed as affecting the average commuting time in the region. Particularly, when analyzing regions by dividing them into cities and counties within a metropolitan city and cities and counties within a province, or by dividing them into urban and rural areas, it can be observed that the factors affecting the average commuting time in the region are different, indicating that differentiated transportation policies are required according to the characteristics of the region. CONCLUSIONS : Commuting time entails increasing opportunity costs as wages increase. However, the expansion of the inter-regional transportation infrastructure acts as a factor in increasing job-residence separation and causes contradictory results by increasing the commuting time. If the characteristics of each region are different, and a function hierarchy as a city appears, travel between regions will become more common. Today, the widening gap between urban and rural areas in terms of employment and residential conditions can cause social waste due to increased commuting times. Ultimately, the extinction crisis of rural areas can be alleviated through policy by encouraging proximity to direct employment through the balanced development of jobs and settlement conditions between regions.

PURPOSES : This study was conducted to prevent slip accidents on manhole covers located on sidewalks and local roads as well as to propose reasonable slip resistance management standards for manhole covers. METHODS : Using field surveys, test groups were classified based on the patterns and wear amounts of the manhole covers. Standards for measuring the equipment and methods for slip resistance were established, and the slip resistance values were compared and analyzed for each manhole cover test group. RESULTS : According to the slip resistance test results, micro-protrusions on the non-slip manhole covers were found to be effective in improving slip resistance. However, in areas without microprotrusions, the improvement in slip resistance was minimal and yielded results similar to those of standard manhole covers. In addition, among the pattern types of standard manhole covers, the radial pattern was found to be the most susceptible to slipping. Under the current wear measurement standards, the change in slip resistance at different wear stages was found to be relatively small. Moreover, manhole covers had the lowest slip resistance among road surface structures, indicating the need to establish management standards for them. CONCLUSIONS : To prevent pedestrian slip accidents on sidewalks and local roads, it is necessary to ensure that the slip resistance standards of manhole covers are higher than those of sidewalks.

국내 도로포장에서는 겨울철 결빙으로 인한 교통사고가 자주 발생하고 있다. 특히, 최근의 기후변화에 따른 동절기 사고건수가 증가 하고 있다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해 다양한 도로노면 결빙 재료 및 공법, 기술들이 개발되고 현장에 적용되고 있다. 그러나 도로 노면 결빙 및 공법 관련 기술들에 대한 성능평가가 어려운 실정이다. 따라서, 도로환경에서 발생되는 환경조건 등의 모사를 통한 도로 노면 결빙 공법 및 기술의 성능평가를 위한 실증실험시설이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 국내 동절기 도로포장에 대한 기본적인 환경조 건을 분석하여 이를 기반으로 도로노면 결빙 관련 환경모사가 가능한 실증실험시설을 구축하였다. 도로노면 결빙에 영향을 주는 요소 는 대기온도, 노면온도, 습도, 풍속, 기압 등의 다양한 인자가 있다. 이러한 요소중에 실증실험시설 구축에서는 대기온도, 노면온도, 습 도, 풍속을 모사할 수 있도록 하였다. 도로노면 결빙에 있어 노면온도가 중요한 요소로 작용할 수 있기에 챔버내에 시편의 온도를 제 어할 수 있는 내부챔버를 추가로 구성하였다. 또한, 도로노면 결빙을 유발할 수 있는 어는비 분사장치 및 온․습도 변화에 따른 시편 의 모니터링을 위해 열화상 카메라를 이용하도록 구성하였다. 도로노면 결빙 실증실험시설이 효율적으로 운영된다면 다양하게 개발되 는 기술들에 대한 실험을 통해 성능평가가 가능할 것으로 판단되며, 향후 이를 기반으로 실증실험시설의 운영에 대한 매뉴얼 및 평가 방법 등을 마련하는 것이 필요하다.

본 연구에서는 뿌리기업을 대상으로 조직 및 공급망 차원의 회복탄력성에 영향을 주는 요인을 분석하고자 하였다. 조직 및 공급망 차원의 회복탄력성에 영향을 미치는 요인을 파악하기 위해 뿌리기업, 조직 및 공급망 회복탄력성에 대한 국내외 문헌 조사를 실시하여 네트워크 역량, 위기대응 역량 및 조직 역량의 3가지 요소를 도출하였다. 네트워크 역량의 요소로 네트워크 유연성과 네트워크 준비성 요인을 선정하였으며 위기대응 역량의 요소로 조직유연성과 피해식별 및 평가 요인을 도출하였다. 마지막 조직 역량의 요소로 인적자원과 유무형자산 요인을 도출하여 연구 가설을 설정하였다. 연구의 결과 첫째, 네트워크 역량, 위기대응역량 및 조직역량의 3가지 모든 요인이 유의수준 5%에서 조직 회복탄력성에 정(+)의 영향을 준다고 검정하였다. 둘째, 네트워크역량 및 위기대응역량은 유의수준 5%에서 공급망 회복탄력성에 정(+)의 영향을 준다고 검정하였다. 셋째, 네트워크역량, 위기대응역량 및 조직역량은 조직 및 공급망 회복탄력성 간 조직유형의 조절효과는 유의수준 5%에서 유의하지 않다고 검정되었다. 본 연구의 학문적 시사점으로 조직 차원과 공급망 차원의 회복탄력성에 공통적으로 영향을 미칠 수 있는 요인을 도출하는 연구를 진행하였다는 점에서 선행 연구와 차이가 있다. 또한, 조직의 유형에 따른 뿌리기업의 역량과 회복탄력성 간 조절효과를 파악 했다는 점에 그 의의가 있다.

This study investigated the effects of social responsibility activities on consumer attitudes, product evaluation, corporate support, and corporate trust through structural equations and path analysis. Corporate social responsibility activities were divided into five areas: consumer and environmental protection, social contribution, cultural business, and economic responsibility, and the relative impact on consumer attitudes was considered. The results and strategic implications of this study are as follows. The same results as in previous studies confirmed that the performance of corporate social responsibility activities induces positive attitudes and behaviors of consumers. It proved that the performance of corporate social responsibility activities leads consumers to form a positive attitude, which can eventually be transferred to products and corporate images by a halo effect, leading to product evaluation, corporate support and trust. In addition, the composition dimension and measurement items of corporate social responsibility activities were re-verified, and from a consumer point of view, it was confirmed that social responsibility activities include not only economic activities, but also activities that contribute positively, such as social contribution, support for local and cultural projects, and actions that do not harm society as a whole, such as protecting consumer rights and protecting the environment.

본 논문은 급변하는 글로벌게임시장에 효과적으로 대응하고, 한국의 게임산업 경쟁력 제고 와 수도권 중심의 산업 구조를 탈피하기 위한 노력의 일환으로 전남지역 게임산업의 현황 및 발전 방안에 대하여 연구하였다. 이를 위해 우선 전남 게임 콘텐츠 산업 및 인재 양성의 현황 을 분석하여 타시·도 대비 전남지역만의 게임콘텐츠 혁신 역량을 분석하였다. 더불어 전남정보 문화산업진흥원 수혜기업 지원 현황과 실태파악을 위해 유선전화 및 서면조사 및 전문가 인터 뷰를 통한 실증 연구를 도입하였다. 이를 바탕으로 현 게임 산업 트렌드와 정부의 게임 산업 진흥 종합계획을 고려한 전남지역만의 게임콘텐츠 지원 방향과 육성 전략을 도출하였다. 분석 결과 경험과 제작 능력을 갖춘 게임 개발사의 국내외 시장 진출 강화, 도내 IP를 활용한 지역 특화 서브컬처 게임 제작 지원, 지역 대학과의 산학협력을 통한 인재양성 등의 전략을 제언하 였다.

PURPOSES : This study empirically examines the determinants of traffic accidents by focusing on the transport culture index. METHODS : Two-stage least-squares estimation using an instrumental variable is used as the identification strategy. As the instrumental variable of the transport culture index, its past values, particularly before the outbreak of COVID-19 in 2018 are used. RESULTS : The empirical results, considering the potential endogeneity of the transport culture index, show that areas with higher values of the index are likely to have fewer traffic accident casualties. Local governments of regions with relatively frequent traffic accidents can run campaigns for residents to fasten their seatbelts, causing reverse causation. Ignoring this type of endogeneity underestimates the importance of the index as a key determinant of traffic accidents. CONCLUSIONS : Several traffic accidents occur in Korea, e.g., 203,130 accidents with 291,608 injuries and 5,392 deaths. As traffic accidents cause social costs, such as delays in traffic flow and damage to traffic facilities, public interventions are required to reduce them. However, the first step in public intervention is to accurately understand the relationship between the degree of damage in traffic accidents and the transport-related attributes of the areas where the accidents occurred. Although the transport culture index appears to be an appropriate indicator for predicting local traffic accidents, its limitations as a comprehensive index need to be addressed in the future.

현재 중국 향촌진흥(鄕村振興) 전략은 제도적 틀과 시스템이 구축되고 있다. 지역 적 이해관계, 비효율적인 감독 또는 공무원의 정책 이행 실패 등으로 인해 정책의 실효성이 떨어지는 문제가 발생한다. 본 연구는 중국 농촌 지역 주민이 한국의 새마 을운동과 글로벌새마을운동에 대한 수용성을 검사하는 것을 목적으로 한다. UTAUT 모델을 이용하였으며, 10개의 연구 가설을 제시했다. 중국 하남성(河南省)의 마을에 서 374명의 주민을 대상으로 설문조사를 시행했고, Smart-PLS 프로그램을 사용하여 조사 결과를 검증하였다. 연구 결과는 새마을운동(새마을운동 1.0)의 세 가지 정신이 중국 농촌 지역 주민의 행동 의도에 미치는 영향이 크지 않았고, 글로벌새마을운동 (새마을운동 2.0)이 새마을운동 1.0보다 더욱 큰 영향을 미치는 것을 보여주었다.

PURPOSES : This study is to evaluate environmental improvement effects of underground road project, as a case study of ‘Seobu’underground expressway project in Korea. METHODS : The environmental improvement effects of underground road construction were classified into tree sector in this study – air quality, noise, and thermal environment. To evaluate these effects, this study collected and divided environment dataset into before, during, and after ‘Seobu’underground expressway construction, and compared the change of values with entire city. In addition, the quantification method of environmental improvement effects was suggested based on the literature review. RESULTS : The result of this study indicates that there exist significant improvement effects of urban environment after the construction of ‘Seobu’underground expressway. Specifically, the concentration of particulate matters (PM10) and daytime/nighttime noise, and land surface temperature (LST) were improved along the expressway. In addition, the overall environmental benefit of ‘Seobu’ underground expressway was estimated to 1.15 billion won per year. CONCLUSIONS : To promote systematic and consistent underground road project, it is required to establish legislative system for evalauting and supporting urban improvement effects.

PURPOSES : Demonstrated performance degradation of LiDAR for vehicle and pedestrian dummy in rainy and foggy road conditions. METHODS : In real-scale rain and fog road conditions, adjust the distance between LiDAR and the measurement target from 10m to 70m (in 10m interval), measure LiDAR NPC (number of point cloud) and intensity, and compare the resulting numerical values. RESULTS : LiDAR's NPC and Intensity showed statistically significant differences by overall weather condition (normal, rain, fog), and the values were found to be larger in the order of normal>rainfall>fog. In the case of vehicles, sunder rain conditions, NPC and intensity are recognized even at 70m as in normal conditions, but under fog conditions, NPC and intensity are measured only up to 30m. In the case of pedestrians, the reflective area size is smaller than that of vehicles, so they are recognized only up to 30m in rainy conditions, and NPC and intensity are measured only up to 20m in fog conditions. CONCLUSIONS : It was confirmed that LiDAR performance deteriorates in rain and fog compared to normal.