A study on the denitrification of reverse osmosis(RO) concentrated wastewater from sewage reuse treatment plant in P city was conducted using waste desulfurization agent obtained from desulfurization process. Sulfur-based autotrophic denitrifying carrier comprises the predetermined amount of waste iron sulfide (FeS, Fe2S3), mine drainage sludge and elemental sulfur showing mesoporisity with 9.9 nm (99 Å) of average pore size. Sulfur denitrifying bacteria and sulfur reducing bacteria were implanted into the pores of sulfur denitrifying carrier. Nitrate was not affected by empty bed contact time (EBCT). It is probably due to larger reducing capacity of the carrier than the concentration of nitrate in RO concentrated wastewater. Total nitrogen (T-N) removal efficiency exhibited about 90% after 4 days. Sulfate ion was surprisingly decreased with sulfur autotropic process due to the reduction of sulfate ion to HS- and S2- by sulfur reducing bacteria. Sulfide and hydrogen sulfide ions were then taken by Fe(OH)3, main component of mine drainage sludge, releasing OH-. Alkalinity was therefore maintained between 7.5 and 8.5 in pH by the released OH-. Also, it had the effect of suppressing the production of H2S, which causes bad odor.

PURPOSES : In this study, the factors affecting commuting time according to city, county, and ward were empirically analyzed. METHODS : We estimated the average commuting time according to city, county, and ward by controlling for the characteristics of individual commuters, using a 2% sample of the Population and Housing Census of the National Statistical Office, and performed a twostage regression analysis using the average commuting time as the dependent variable. RESULTS : Among the regional attributes in the second stage, the share of commuters with different work and living areas was analyzed as a representative factor causing longer commuting times. The proportion of each mode of transportation in the total regional traffic volume and the population and household characteristics were also analyzed as affecting the average commuting time in the region. Particularly, when analyzing regions by dividing them into cities and counties within a metropolitan city and cities and counties within a province, or by dividing them into urban and rural areas, it can be observed that the factors affecting the average commuting time in the region are different, indicating that differentiated transportation policies are required according to the characteristics of the region. CONCLUSIONS : Commuting time entails increasing opportunity costs as wages increase. However, the expansion of the inter-regional transportation infrastructure acts as a factor in increasing job-residence separation and causes contradictory results by increasing the commuting time. If the characteristics of each region are different, and a function hierarchy as a city appears, travel between regions will become more common. Today, the widening gap between urban and rural areas in terms of employment and residential conditions can cause social waste due to increased commuting times. Ultimately, the extinction crisis of rural areas can be alleviated through policy by encouraging proximity to direct employment through the balanced development of jobs and settlement conditions between regions.

PURPOSES : This study was conducted to prevent slip accidents on manhole covers located on sidewalks and local roads as well as to propose reasonable slip resistance management standards for manhole covers. METHODS : Using field surveys, test groups were classified based on the patterns and wear amounts of the manhole covers. Standards for measuring the equipment and methods for slip resistance were established, and the slip resistance values were compared and analyzed for each manhole cover test group. RESULTS : According to the slip resistance test results, micro-protrusions on the non-slip manhole covers were found to be effective in improving slip resistance. However, in areas without microprotrusions, the improvement in slip resistance was minimal and yielded results similar to those of standard manhole covers. In addition, among the pattern types of standard manhole covers, the radial pattern was found to be the most susceptible to slipping. Under the current wear measurement standards, the change in slip resistance at different wear stages was found to be relatively small. Moreover, manhole covers had the lowest slip resistance among road surface structures, indicating the need to establish management standards for them. CONCLUSIONS : To prevent pedestrian slip accidents on sidewalks and local roads, it is necessary to ensure that the slip resistance standards of manhole covers are higher than those of sidewalks.

국내 도로포장에서는 겨울철 결빙으로 인한 교통사고가 자주 발생하고 있다. 특히, 최근의 기후변화에 따른 동절기 사고건수가 증가 하고 있다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해 다양한 도로노면 결빙 재료 및 공법, 기술들이 개발되고 현장에 적용되고 있다. 그러나 도로 노면 결빙 및 공법 관련 기술들에 대한 성능평가가 어려운 실정이다. 따라서, 도로환경에서 발생되는 환경조건 등의 모사를 통한 도로 노면 결빙 공법 및 기술의 성능평가를 위한 실증실험시설이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 국내 동절기 도로포장에 대한 기본적인 환경조 건을 분석하여 이를 기반으로 도로노면 결빙 관련 환경모사가 가능한 실증실험시설을 구축하였다. 도로노면 결빙에 영향을 주는 요소 는 대기온도, 노면온도, 습도, 풍속, 기압 등의 다양한 인자가 있다. 이러한 요소중에 실증실험시설 구축에서는 대기온도, 노면온도, 습 도, 풍속을 모사할 수 있도록 하였다. 도로노면 결빙에 있어 노면온도가 중요한 요소로 작용할 수 있기에 챔버내에 시편의 온도를 제 어할 수 있는 내부챔버를 추가로 구성하였다. 또한, 도로노면 결빙을 유발할 수 있는 어는비 분사장치 및 온․습도 변화에 따른 시편 의 모니터링을 위해 열화상 카메라를 이용하도록 구성하였다. 도로노면 결빙 실증실험시설이 효율적으로 운영된다면 다양하게 개발되 는 기술들에 대한 실험을 통해 성능평가가 가능할 것으로 판단되며, 향후 이를 기반으로 실증실험시설의 운영에 대한 매뉴얼 및 평가 방법 등을 마련하는 것이 필요하다.

This study investigated the effects of social responsibility activities on consumer attitudes, product evaluation, corporate support, and corporate trust through structural equations and path analysis. Corporate social responsibility activities were divided into five areas: consumer and environmental protection, social contribution, cultural business, and economic responsibility, and the relative impact on consumer attitudes was considered. The results and strategic implications of this study are as follows. The same results as in previous studies confirmed that the performance of corporate social responsibility activities induces positive attitudes and behaviors of consumers. It proved that the performance of corporate social responsibility activities leads consumers to form a positive attitude, which can eventually be transferred to products and corporate images by a halo effect, leading to product evaluation, corporate support and trust. In addition, the composition dimension and measurement items of corporate social responsibility activities were re-verified, and from a consumer point of view, it was confirmed that social responsibility activities include not only economic activities, but also activities that contribute positively, such as social contribution, support for local and cultural projects, and actions that do not harm society as a whole, such as protecting consumer rights and protecting the environment.

본 논문은 급변하는 글로벌게임시장에 효과적으로 대응하고, 한국의 게임산업 경쟁력 제고 와 수도권 중심의 산업 구조를 탈피하기 위한 노력의 일환으로 전남지역 게임산업의 현황 및 발전 방안에 대하여 연구하였다. 이를 위해 우선 전남 게임 콘텐츠 산업 및 인재 양성의 현황 을 분석하여 타시·도 대비 전남지역만의 게임콘텐츠 혁신 역량을 분석하였다. 더불어 전남정보 문화산업진흥원 수혜기업 지원 현황과 실태파악을 위해 유선전화 및 서면조사 및 전문가 인터 뷰를 통한 실증 연구를 도입하였다. 이를 바탕으로 현 게임 산업 트렌드와 정부의 게임 산업 진흥 종합계획을 고려한 전남지역만의 게임콘텐츠 지원 방향과 육성 전략을 도출하였다. 분석 결과 경험과 제작 능력을 갖춘 게임 개발사의 국내외 시장 진출 강화, 도내 IP를 활용한 지역 특화 서브컬처 게임 제작 지원, 지역 대학과의 산학협력을 통한 인재양성 등의 전략을 제언하 였다.

PURPOSES : This study empirically examines the determinants of traffic accidents by focusing on the transport culture index. METHODS : Two-stage least-squares estimation using an instrumental variable is used as the identification strategy. As the instrumental variable of the transport culture index, its past values, particularly before the outbreak of COVID-19 in 2018 are used. RESULTS : The empirical results, considering the potential endogeneity of the transport culture index, show that areas with higher values of the index are likely to have fewer traffic accident casualties. Local governments of regions with relatively frequent traffic accidents can run campaigns for residents to fasten their seatbelts, causing reverse causation. Ignoring this type of endogeneity underestimates the importance of the index as a key determinant of traffic accidents. CONCLUSIONS : Several traffic accidents occur in Korea, e.g., 203,130 accidents with 291,608 injuries and 5,392 deaths. As traffic accidents cause social costs, such as delays in traffic flow and damage to traffic facilities, public interventions are required to reduce them. However, the first step in public intervention is to accurately understand the relationship between the degree of damage in traffic accidents and the transport-related attributes of the areas where the accidents occurred. Although the transport culture index appears to be an appropriate indicator for predicting local traffic accidents, its limitations as a comprehensive index need to be addressed in the future.

현재 중국 향촌진흥(鄕村振興) 전략은 제도적 틀과 시스템이 구축되고 있다. 지역 적 이해관계, 비효율적인 감독 또는 공무원의 정책 이행 실패 등으로 인해 정책의 실효성이 떨어지는 문제가 발생한다. 본 연구는 중국 농촌 지역 주민이 한국의 새마 을운동과 글로벌새마을운동에 대한 수용성을 검사하는 것을 목적으로 한다. UTAUT 모델을 이용하였으며, 10개의 연구 가설을 제시했다. 중국 하남성(河南省)의 마을에 서 374명의 주민을 대상으로 설문조사를 시행했고, Smart-PLS 프로그램을 사용하여 조사 결과를 검증하였다. 연구 결과는 새마을운동(새마을운동 1.0)의 세 가지 정신이 중국 농촌 지역 주민의 행동 의도에 미치는 영향이 크지 않았고, 글로벌새마을운동 (새마을운동 2.0)이 새마을운동 1.0보다 더욱 큰 영향을 미치는 것을 보여주었다.

PURPOSES : This study is to evaluate environmental improvement effects of underground road project, as a case study of ‘Seobu’underground expressway project in Korea. METHODS : The environmental improvement effects of underground road construction were classified into tree sector in this study – air quality, noise, and thermal environment. To evaluate these effects, this study collected and divided environment dataset into before, during, and after ‘Seobu’underground expressway construction, and compared the change of values with entire city. In addition, the quantification method of environmental improvement effects was suggested based on the literature review. RESULTS : The result of this study indicates that there exist significant improvement effects of urban environment after the construction of ‘Seobu’underground expressway. Specifically, the concentration of particulate matters (PM10) and daytime/nighttime noise, and land surface temperature (LST) were improved along the expressway. In addition, the overall environmental benefit of ‘Seobu’ underground expressway was estimated to 1.15 billion won per year. CONCLUSIONS : To promote systematic and consistent underground road project, it is required to establish legislative system for evalauting and supporting urban improvement effects.

PURPOSES : Demonstrated performance degradation of LiDAR for vehicle and pedestrian dummy in rainy and foggy road conditions. METHODS : In real-scale rain and fog road conditions, adjust the distance between LiDAR and the measurement target from 10m to 70m (in 10m interval), measure LiDAR NPC (number of point cloud) and intensity, and compare the resulting numerical values. RESULTS : LiDAR's NPC and Intensity showed statistically significant differences by overall weather condition (normal, rain, fog), and the values were found to be larger in the order of normal>rainfall>fog. In the case of vehicles, sunder rain conditions, NPC and intensity are recognized even at 70m as in normal conditions, but under fog conditions, NPC and intensity are measured only up to 30m. In the case of pedestrians, the reflective area size is smaller than that of vehicles, so they are recognized only up to 30m in rainy conditions, and NPC and intensity are measured only up to 20m in fog conditions. CONCLUSIONS : It was confirmed that LiDAR performance deteriorates in rain and fog compared to normal.

This study explores strategies to address the variability of heat energy using renewable energy and heat grids to achieve carbon neutrality. Renewable energy source introduce fluctuations that can impact the stability of power systems, while heat grids provide a systematic infrastructure for efficient supply of heat energy and power generation. Jeju Island is chosen as a case study, focusing on balance control based on groundwater-based geothermal energy to optimize the distribution of heat energy. The results demonstrate that the 3rd control method is the most effective in maintaining the target temperature in greenhouses, and specific temperature settings and objectives are proposed for each control method based on crop requirements. These research findings contribute to achieving carbon neutrality and reducing power consumption.

This research aims to validate the effectiveness of the "Specialized Entrepreneurship University Program," which was conducted as part of government entrepreneurship support initiatives from 2018 to 2022. Based on previous studies, a research model was derived consisting of three laboratory entrepreneurship support factors that influence program satisfaction and entrepreneurial outcomes (infrastructure support, educational mentoring support, and business linkage support). Surveys were collected and analyzed from 126 laboratory entrepreneurship firms participating in the program, and empirical analysis of the research model was conducted using SPSS 23.0 statistical software. The analysis results indicated that the three variables, namely infrastructure support, educational mentoring support, and business linkage support, were significant factors affecting program satisfaction, and program satisfaction was confirmed to influence entrepreneurial outcomes. Furthermore, it was found that the three business operation factors indirectly influenced entrepreneurial outcomes by partially mediating program satisfaction. This study is considered significant as an empirical study for the initial stage of the second-phase program enhancement, verifying the effectiveness of laboratory entrepreneurship support factors. The findings can be applied to similar government entrepreneurship support initiatives and contribute to the effective strategy and planning of stakeholders involved. The limitations of this study include the need for further research on the perception of the extent to which it contributes to entrepreneurial outcomes, emphasizing caution in interpreting the research model, and the necessity for expanding the survey population and improving survey items in future research.

본 연구에서는 소형선박용 중·고속 디젤엔진에 적용하여 연구 중인 SCR+DPF 기술을 저속엔진이 설치된 선박에 탑재하여 해상 실증 시험을 수행하였다. 대상 선박(총 톤수 2,881 톤, 정격출력 1,470kW@240rpm ×1)은 국내 연해를 운항하는 일반화물선으로 배출저감설 비의 선박 탑재를 위해 도면 개발, 승인 및 선박 임시검사를 수행하였다. 저감성능 확인을 위해서 가스상물질 측정장비는 NOx technical code 및 ISO-8178의 분석방법을 준용하는 장비를 사용하였으며, 입자상물질 측정장비는 국제해사기구(IMO)에서 논의하고 있는 블랙카본 측정 방법 중 하나인 스모크미터를 사용하였다. 시험은 황 함유량 따라 MGO(0.043%), LSFO(0.42%) 2종의 연료를 사용하였으며 실제 운항 하는 엔진회전수(130, 160 및 180 rpm)를 고려하여 시험 조건을 설정하였다. 시험 조건에 따라 배출저감설비의 전·후단에서 가스상 및 입 자상(매연) 물질을 측정하여 배출저감설비의 저감효율을 확인하였으며 모든 시험 조건에서 NOx의 경우 90% 이상, 입자상물질(매연)의 경우 95% 이상의 저감효율을 확인하였고 엔진 성능의 영향을 줄 수 있는 배기가스 압력은 허용배압 기준인 50mbar 이하를 만족하였다. 본 연구를 통해 해상실증 연구의 중요성과 중소형 저속엔진 선박의 질소산화물 및 입자상물질의 동시 저감을 위한 대응 기술로 SCR+DPF 설비 적용 가능성을 확인할 수 있었다.

본 논문에서는 우리나라 경제성장과 연구수행 주체별 공공 연구개발투자, 기업 연구개발투자, 대학 연구개발 투자 간의 장·단기 인과관계를 실증 분석하였다. 이를 위해 1976년부터 2020년 동안의 시계열 자료를 바탕으로 단위근 검정, 공적분 검정, 백터오차수정 모형(VECM)을 통한 인과성 검정을 실시하였다. 분석결과, 우리나라 경제성장과 공공 연구 개발투자, 기업 연구개발투자, 대학 연구개발투자 간에는 장기적으로 인과관계가 존재하는 장기균형관계가 있다는 것을 도출하였다. 그러나, 공공 연구개발투자가 경제성장에 단기적으로 영향을 미치는 데에 비해 기업 및 대학 연구개발투자는 경제성장에 단기적으로 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 더불어, 경제성장 및 공공 연구개발투자, 기업 연구개발투자와 공공 연구개발투자, 대학 연구개발투자와 공공 연구개발투자 간에 단기적으로 양방향의 인과관계가 있는 것으로 도출되었다. 마지막으로 단기적으로 공공 연구개발에 인과관계가 있는 것은 GDP 경제성장이며, 대학의 연구개발에 단기적으로 인과관계가 있는 것은 공공 및 기업의 연구 개발투자인 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 연구를 통해서 공공 연구개발투자, 기업 연구개발투자, 대학 연구개발 투자와 경제성장 간에는 높은 상호 유기적인 관계가 존재한다는 것을 실증적으로 도출하였다. 향후 연구개발투자가 경제성장에 미치는 파급효과를 높이기 위해서는 대학과 기업의 연구개발투자가 상호 촉진되고, 기업의 연구개발투자가 공공 연구개발투자에 긍정적 영향을 미쳐 공공 연구개발투자가 향후 경제성장에 기여할 수 있도록 하는 정책개발이 필요할 것이다.

PURPOSES : This study empirically analyzes the determinants of fatal accidents based on raw data on traffic accidents occurring in Chungnam in 2020. METHODS : Regression models based on theoretical arguments for fatal traffic accidents are estimated using a binomial logit model. RESULTS : The prediction model for fatal accidents is affected by the degree of urbanization of the region, month and day of the accident, type of accident, and type of law violation. In addition, speeding or illegal U-turns among law violations appear more likely to result in fatal accidents. The road surface conditions at the time of the accident do not show a significant difference in the probability of fatality among traffic accidents. However, the probability of a fatal accident is rather lower in case of a snowy road; this is plausible, as drivers tend to drive more carefully in bad weather conditions. CONCLUSIONS : Among traffic accidents, fatal accidents appear to be affected by the time and place of the accident, type of accident, and weather conditions at the time of the accident. These analysis results suggest policy implications for reducing fatal accidents and can be used as a basis for establishing related policies.