Demand for research on the use of hydrogen, an eco-friendly fuel, is rapidly increasing in accordance with global environmental problems and IMO environmental regulations in the shipbuilding and marine industry. In the case of hydrogen, similar to liquefied natural gas, it has a characteristic that its volume decreases hundreds of times during phase transformation from gas to liquid, so it must be stored in a tank in the form of liquefied hydrogen for transport efficiency. The material of the liquid hydrogen tank is selected in consideration of mechanical properties and hydrogen embrittlement at cryogenic temperatures. In this study, welding research was conducted on STS316L material, which was most commonly used in the space industry. In this study, flux cored arc welding was performed under 4 welding conditions to derive the optimal welding conditions for STS316L material, and then mechanical properties of the welded part were compared and analyzed.

지진은 예상하지 못한 위치와 규모로 지반을 흔들어서 막대한 물적 및 인적 피해를 발생시킨다. 따라서 지진으로 인 한 진동을 최소화하고 피해를 방지하기 위하여 다양한 내진 기술 개발 연구가 수행되고 있다. 최근에는 우수한 성능을 나타내 는 다양한 신소재가 개발되고 있으며 이를 접목된 내진 기술 개발 연구가 하나의 트렌드가 되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 반영구적 이고 자동복원이 가능한 신소재를 적용한 새로운 개념의 영구마찰 자동복원 댐퍼를 제안하고 핵심 부재에 대한 물리적 특성 검 증 연구를 수행한다. 영구마찰 자동복원 댐퍼의 핵심은 복원 특성을 나타내는 초탄성 형상기억합금과 폴리우레탄을 부재로 장 착시키고 추가적인 마찰 특성을 나타내는 네오디뮴 영구자석을 사용하였다. 이러한 핵심 부재는 재료실험을 통해 특성을 검증 하였고 도출된 거동 응답 결과를 통해 영구마찰 자동복원 댐퍼의 구조실험 예측 거동을 도출하였다. 우수한 복원 성능을 나타 내는 영구마찰 자동복원 댐퍼는 최대 하중 성능과 에너지 소산 능력이 우수하여 구조물에 적용 시 강한 지진에도 버티면서 발 생된 손상도 회복 시킬 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

Environmental regulations of the International Maritime Organization (IMO) are getting stricter, and the demand for replacing the fuel of ships with eco-friendly fuels instead of heavy oil in the shipbuilding and marine industries is increasing. Among eco-friendly fuels, LNG (liquefied natural gas) is currently the most popular fuel. This is because it is an alternative that can avoid the IMO's environmental regulations by replacing fuel. In PART 1, as a basic study of laser welding of high manganese steel materials, a fiber laser bead-on-plate experiment was conducted using nitrogen protective gas, and the effect of each factor on the penetration shape was analyzed through cross-sectional observation. In PART II, argon and helium shielding gases, not the nitrogen shielding gas used in PART I, were tested under the same experimental conditions and the effect of the shielding gas on penetration during laser welding was conducted.

Environmental regulations of the IMO (International Maritime Organization) are becoming more and more conservative. In order to respond to IMO, the demand for replacing the fuel of ships with eco-friendly fuels instead of conventional heavy oil is increasing in the shipbuilding and offshore industries. Among eco-friendly fuels, LNG (Liquefied Natural Gas) is currently the most popular fuel. LNG is characteristically liquefied at -163 degrees, and at this time, its volume is reduced to 1/600, so it is transported in a cryogenic liquefied state for transport efficiency. A tank for storing this should have sufficient mechanical/thermal performance at cryogenic temperatures, and among them, high manganese steel is known as a material with high price competitiveness and satisfying these performance. However, high manganese steel has a limitation in that the mechanical performance of the filler metal is lower than that of the base metal called ‘under matching’. In this study, to overcome this limitation, a basic study was conducted to apply the fiber laser welding method without filler metal to high manganese steel. To obtain efficient welding conditions, in this study, bead-on-plate welding was performed by changing the fiber laser welding speed and output using helium shielding gas, and the effect of each factor on the penetration shape was analyzed through cross-sectional observation.

Due to the environmental regulations of the International Maritime Organization (IMO), the number of ships using cryogenic fuel such as LNG (liquefied natural gas) is increasing rapidly, and the demand for eco-friendly ships is expected to grow further in the future. The material of the tank for storing cryogenic fuel such as LNG is limited within the IGC Code, and available materials include 9% nickel steel, Invar (36% nickel steel), Al5083-0, STS304L, and high manganese steel. Recently, 9% nickel steel has been used as a tank in LNG fuel-powered ship projects, and it has excellent thermal/mechanical properties in cryogenic LNG environmental conditions (-163°C). In this study, it is conducted an experimental study on SAW(Submerged Arc welding), which has better welding efficiency than FCAW(Flux Cored Arc Welding), which is mainly used for 9% nickel steel materials. In addition, to verify the reliability of the welded part after the welding test, cross-sectional observation of the welded part was performed and the mechanical properties such as the tensile strength and cryogenic impact strength of the welded part were evaluated.

Due to stricter environmental regulations of the International Maritime Organization(IMO), the number of ships fueled by Liquefied Natural Gas(LNG) is rapidly increasing. The International Code of the Construction and Equipment of Ships Carrying Liquefied Gases in Bulk(IGC Code) limits the material of tanks that can store cryogenic substances such as LNG. Among the materials listed in the IGC Code, ASTM A553M-17 has been recently adopted as a material for LNG fuel tank projects because of its excellent mechanical properties at cryogenic temperatures. In shipyards, this material is being used to build tanks through Flux Cored Arc Welding (FCAW). However, there is a problem that magnetization occurs during welding and there is a big difference in welding quality depending on the welding position. In order to overcome this problem, this study intends to conduct basic research to apply laser welding to ASTM A553M-17 material. In this study, a study on penetration (HAZ depth, Penetration) and welding defects during fiber laser welding according to three types of shielding gases(nitrogen, argon, and helium) was conducted. To this end, a Bead on plate(BOP) experiment was performed under four fiber laser conditions(Power, Speed) for each shielding gas and welding defects caused by the use of the shielding gas were compared through cross-sectional observation, and the penetration depth was analyzed.

Due to the strengthening of domestic and international environmental regulations, the replacement of FRP ships with aluminum ships for small ships is continuously in progress. Domestic aluminum ships are being applied to various types of ships, mainly special ships, passenger ships and fishing ships. Gas metal arc welding(GMAW) is used as a welding method when manufacturing ships using aluminum materials for ships with a thickness of 5mm or more. However, it is carried out manually by the workers in the shipyard, and there is a limit to relying on the skills of the workers. In this study, basic research on high-efficiency tandem welding was performed as a basic study for the application of high-quality automatic welding equipment when working on aluminum ships. In this study, welding deformation according to constraint conditions was comparatively analyzed using tandem welding equipment and cross-sections of welds were evaluated for each experiment.

The algal blooms in stagnant streams and lakes have caused many problems. Excessive algae leads to disturbance of ecosystem and overload of water treatment processes. Therefore, phosphorus(P), source of algal blooms, should be controlled. In this study, a filtration trench has been developed to convert dissolved phosphorus into hydroxyapatite(HAP) so that it could be crystallized on the surface of ‘phosphorus removal granular material’; and residual particulate phosphorus could be removed by additional precipitation and filtration. The front and rear parts of filtration trench consisted of ‘phosphorus removal granular material contact bed’ and ‘limestone filtration bed’, respectively. As a result of the column test using phosphorus removal granular material and limestone serially, PO4-P was removed more than 90% when EBCT(empty bed contact time) of the contact bed was over 20 minutes; and T-P represented 60% of removal efficiency when total EBCT was over 1.5 hours. The results of column tests to figure out the sedimentation characteristics showed that more than 90% of particulate phosphorus could be removed within 24 hours. It was necessary to optimize the filtration part in order to increase removal efficiency of T-P additionally. Also, it was confirmed through the simulation of Visual MINTEQ that most of particulate phosphorus in the column tests is the form of HAP. Based on the results of the study, it could be suggested that the design parameters are over 0.5 hour of EBCT for phosphorus removal granular material contact bed and over 1.5 hours of EBCT for limestone filtration bed.

FRP is a new material that has light, high strength and high durability characteristics and is emerging as a third construction material in and out of countries. However, very few studies have been done on curved FRP construction materials that can be used for tunnels or arched bridges. In particular, many joints are required for the application of curved panels to the open cut tunnel. Experimental data on the performance of the joint is required due to insufficient design criteria. The purpose of this study is to analyze the structural performance of real size, composite materials curved panels. To achieve this goal, curved panels were constructed and bending performance was tested. A numerical analysis was also performed and compared with the results of the test. The results of the test showed that the average load was 757.6 kN and the average displacement of bottom was measured at 53.12 mm. Compression stress on the upper flange and tensile stress on the lower flange were within acceptable limits of 50% of the allowable stress.

본 연구에서는 비소 오염 토양의 안정화소재로서 주로 사용되고 있지만 그 품질관리가 어려운 제강슬래그의 재료적 특성을 파악하기 위한 기초적인 실험을 수행하였다. 제강슬래그의 입도에 따른 화학적 성질의 변화와 비소 안정화에 중요한 성분인 Fe 성분의 입도에 따른 용출특성 그리고 제강슬래그의 주요 성분인 철(Fe)과 칼슘(Ca) 성분의 구성 비율이 비소의 흡착에 미치는 영향 등에 대해서 흡착실험을 실시하여 관찰하였다. 제강슬래그의 입도는 화학적 성질에 영향을 주지는 못하는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 용출은 입도가 작은 분말상태에서 높게 나타났으나 pH=2 조건에서만 용출이 발생되어 실제 자연상태에서 용출이 일어나기는 어려울 것으로 판단되었다. 철과 칼슘성분의 혼합비에 따른 비소의 흡착실험에서는 철과 칼슘이 일정비율 섞여 있는 경우에서 효과가 매우 우수한 것으로 나타났으며, 철이나 칼슘 성분 모두 25%이상만 혼합되면 비슷한 효과를 나타내는 것으로 보인다. 한편 칼슘만 존재하는 경우에는 초기의 효과는 높았으나 시간이 경과하면서 재용출 현상이 나타나 적당하지 않은 것으로 나타났으며, 철 성분만 사용한 경우에는 초기 효과는 낮았으나 시간이 경과하면서 흡착효과가 지속적으로 증가하는 것으로 나타나 장기효과가 높을 것으로 기대되었다.

본 연구에서는 개발된 중공단면 복합소재 교량 바닥판에 대해 피로거동을 평가하기 위하여 거더 지지부에서의 압축피로 시험과 2.8m 길이의 휨시험체 모델에 대한 휨피로시험을 수행하였다. 피로하중은 도로교설계기준의 제시된 DB24 트럭 후륜 축하중에 대해 200만회까지 반복 재하하였으며, 압축피로시험의 경우에는 복합소재 바닥판 부재와 바닥판 튜브간의 연결부에 대한 피로성능을, 휨피로시험의 경우에는 복합소재 바닥판 및 주형연결부에 대한 피로성능을 분석하였다.

최근 경량, 고강도, 내부식, 고내구성 특성 등의 여러 가지 이점이 있는 복합소재 교량 바닥판에 대한 관심이 고조되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 유리섬유와 불포화 폴리에스터를 사용하여 진공성형제조기법으로 파형코어 복합소재 모델 바닥판을 제작하였다. 모델 바닥판은 제형, 박스형, 삼각형 단면을 고려하였고, 각각 강축과 약축에 대한 시험 모델에 대하여 3점 휨 시험을 실시하였다. 시험 결과로부터 얻은 하중-변위곡선, 하중-변형률 곡선, 파괴모드 등을 분석하여 복합소재 바닥판의 휨 거동특성을 파악하고자 하였으며, 파형코어 복합소재 바닥판을 교량 바닥판으로 적용할 수 있는 가능성을 검토하였다. 또한 등가 중량으로 환산한 강축과 약축 모델에 대해 휨 거동 특성을 비교하여 가장 효과적이고 경제적인 단면을 찾고자 하였다.

The sliding materials for bridge supports are used to ensure the seismic performance or to absorb thermal deformation of bridge decks. The sliding plates in the bridge-bearings directly transfer vertical loads and horizontal displacements to piers. To construct bridge economically, bridge-bearings are required to endure higher vertical load capacity. Therefore, smaller and stiffer sliding materials have been being developed to improve vertical loading capacity of bearings. In this study, friction coefficient tests were accomplished with the sliding materials applied for bridge bearings. Three different types of friction materials (PTFE, C-Lube, and UHMWPE) were tested with equivalent compressive stress, velocity, and displacement respectively. Based on the experimental results of each material, the horizontal stiffness and energy dissipation capacities of bearings were compared and analyzed through the design of the friction pendulum bearing as well.

This paper was examined water resistant performance of cementitious composites applying inorganic liquid type core material as part of a basic study for development of inorganic liquid type self-healing capsule. Results of assessment, inorganic liquid type core material have shown that with a water resistance performance.