도핑 엔지니어링은 넓은 밴드갭, 낮은 전하 운반체 농도, 제한된 전하 수송 속도 등 리튬 이온 배터리용 산화물 기반 세라믹 분리막의 고유한 한계를 극복하는 효과적인 전략으로 부상했다. 이종 원자가 도핑은 전자 구조와 결함 화학을 변화시켜 산소 결함 및 결함 상태를 생성함으로써 리튬 이온 수송을 향상시키고 계면 저항을 감소시킨다. 또한, 도핑으로 인 한 격자 안정화는 기계적 강도를 개선하고 덴드라이트 침투를 억제하며 전기화학적 신뢰성을 향상시킨다. 산화물 기반 세라 믹 분리막은 고온에서 심각한 수축 및 용융 현상을 보이는 기존 폴리올레핀 분리막에 비해 우수한 열 안정성을 나타낸다. 기 계적으로 견고한 세라믹 골격은 열 응력 하에서도 구조적 안정성을 유지하고 내부 단락을 방지하여 배터리 안전성을 크게 향 상시킨다. 특히, 전하 운반체 활성화와 구조적 안정성이 균형을 이루는 최적의 도핑 농도 범위가 존재하여 전하 수송 성능과 안전성을 극대화할 수 있다. 종합적으로, 도핑 엔지니어링은 차세대 리튬 이온 배터리용 고성능 및 본질적으로 안전한 세라믹 분리막 개발을 위한 합리적인 전략을 제공한다.

As domestic traffic policies have shifted from vehicle-centric approaches to a ‘Safe Speed’ paradigm, the installation of roundabouts has surged. However, existing studies based on linear statistical models have failed to identify the complex non-linear interactions between geometric features and accident severity, limiting their ability to provide concrete design thresholds. To overcome the lack of traffic volume data, this study developed a geometry-based Design Capacity Index (DCI) and proposed a new analytical framework using the Equivalent Property Damage Only (EPDO) rate per unit capacity as the dependent variable. Utilizing a dataset of nationwide roundabouts (2007–2020), a grid search-optimized eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) model and SHAP analysis were applied, achieving a 40.5 % performance improvement over linear baselines. The results revealed that circulatory roadway width was a dominant factor; contrary to the 'Road Diet' theory, ensuring 'Geometric Sufficiency' (wider lanes) proved more effective for safety in medium-to-large roundabouts. Furthermore, a 'Broad Optimal Zone' was identified within an inscribed circle diameter (ICD) of 35–70 m, while a 'Paradox of Scale' emerged beyond 70 m where safety benefits plateaued. Additionally, raised crosswalks served as essential offset measures, consistently reducing accident costs regardless of the intersection size. Based on these findings, this study provides empirical evidence for revising design guidelines to prioritize the 35–70 m ICD range and advocates for the mandatory installation of physical calming measures in oversized roundabouts.

본 연구는 요양병원 간호사가 지각하는 팀 리더의 코칭 리더십과 재난 준비 도가 안전행동에 미치는 영향을 규명하고자 수행되었다. C시에 위치한 요양병 원에서 1년 이상의 임상경력을 가진 간호사 124명을 대상으로 구조화된 설문조 사를 실시하였으며, 자료는 SPSS/WIN 25.0 프로그램을 이용하여 분석하였다. 연구 결과, 코칭 리더십, 재난 준비도, 안전행동은 모두 중간 수준 이상으로 나타 났다. 코칭 리더십은 재난 준비도 및 안전행동과 정적 상관관계를 보였으며, 재 난 준비도 또한 안전행동과 유의한 관련성을 나타냈다. 다중회귀분석 결과, 코 칭 리더십이 안전행동의 가장 강력한 영향 요인이었고, 재난 준비도 역시 유의 한 예측 요인으로 확인되었다. 이러한 결과는 팀 리더의 코칭 리더십 강화와 체 계적인 재난 준비 교육이 간호사의 안전행동을 향상시키는 데 효과적임을 시사 한다.

In shipyards, various types of outdoor cranes are utilized to construct large vessels using the block assembly method. The total number of outdoor cranes in domestic shipyards is estimated to be close to 1,000 units. To prevent potential accidents caused by strong winds or other external forces when cranes are in an idle state, safety locking devices must be installed on the lower rail of each crane to prevent unintended movement. Currently, most shipyards employ hydraulic safety locking devices. However, these systems have several drawbacks, including oil leakage, difficulties in power supply maintenance, and the inability to visually confirm the exact locking condition between the device and the rail. To address these issues, this study proposes a new type of motor-driven safety locking device. The design was validated through structural safety evaluation based on finite element analysis(FEA), followed by prototype fabrication and operational testing. The test results confirmed that the developed system met key performance criteria such as operation time, clamping force, and safety factor. The application of the proposed safety device is expected to enhance the operational safety of crane systems and reduce the workload of operators, thereby contributing to a safer working environment in shipyards.

This study examined the relationship between food safety culture and quality innovation performance within the food manufacturing industry, emphasizing the mediating role of organizational effectiveness. A conceptual framework was developed to define food safety culture across five sub-dimensions: executive leadership, employee engagement, communication, continuous improvement, and customer-focused orientation. Quality innovation performance was assessed in terms of quality improvement, customer satisfaction, and cost reduction. Additionally, organizational effectiveness, encompassing job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and innovation behavior, was also examined as a mediating variable between food safety culture and quality innovation performance. Survey data were collected from employees in food-related companies, and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was employed to empirically test the proposed relationships. The analysis reveals that food safety culture exerts a significant positive impact on quality innovation performance. Specifically, a strong food safety culture enhances quality innovation performance, both directly and indirectly, with the latter effect mediated through organizational effectiveness. These findings highlight the role of organizational effectiveness as a critical pathway through which food safety culture drives sustainable improvements in food manufacturing performance. This study offers both theoretical and practical contributions to the literature. From a theoretical perspective, this study advances the literature by linking food safety culture to quality innovation performance and organizational effectiveness, thereby deepening our understanding of how safety-oriented values and practices shape organizational performance. Practically, the results suggest that managers can improve quality and long-term competitiveness by fostering a strong food safety culture. Strategies such as reinforcing leadership commitment, encouraging employee participation, strengthening internal communication, promoting continuous improvement initiatives, and embedding customer-focused thinking are essential for institutionalizing a food safety culture into organizational routines. By implementing these strategies, companies can achieve both enhanced food safety while simultaneously strengthening long-term organizational sustainability.

Microorganisms such as pathogens from humans, pets, and plants, as well as bacteria, fungi, and viruses, can cause damage in indoor environments, leading to infections and allergies. Additionally, the presence of indoor microorganisms can result in food contamination and economic damage, along with odors, corrosion, discoloration, and damage to facilities, equipment, and buildings. Therefore, a hygienic approach that includes research on microorganisms in indoor environments should be taken for their management. However, past approaches to indoor microorganism management have been limited to measuring the concentration of airborne bacteria and mold as stipulated in the Ministry of Environment’s Indoor Air Quality Act. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, interest in microorganisms in indoor environments has been on the rise, along with demands to mitigate the damage they create. Because microorganisms have varying degrees of impact on the environment and organisms, they are classified by risk level and require secure research facilities tailored to target biosafety levels. However, there is a lack of awareness of the application of facilities and biosafety to study indoor microorganisms existing in indoor environments. Accordingly, in this study, both domestic and international biosafety regulations were reviewed, the harmfulness of indoor microorganisms was evaluated, and considerations for handling indoor microorganisms in domestic universities, companies, and public institutions were proposed.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the applicability of an unsupervised outlier-detection method as a surrogate safety measure (SSM) to estimate the effect of AI-based Bike-Safe monitoring system. An SSM that utilizes near-miss data immediately before an accident occurs must be developed to compensate for inadequate bicycle accident data and missing reports. In particular, the omission level of accident reports related to bicycle users is higher on bicycle paths, which implies that the importance of an SSM in safety management is much greater than in the general road environment. Therefore, the unsupervised outlier-detection method was set as the SSM because it can be learned without a label, is suitable for streaming data, and is generalizable under limited data. Additionally, the DeepAnT(deep learningbased anomaly detection) model was selected as the most appropriate time-series outlier-detection method. Using the time-series prediction module of the learned DeepAnT model, we analyzed the frequency of outliers or avoidance behaviors based on a linear relationship between estimated and observed values. The history data of the acceleration change rate of each bicycle were applied to the DeepAnT model to evaluate the possibility of using alternative safety indicators. Thus, those data are expected to be applicable as an alternative safety indicator for bicycle paths.

Traffic congestion and abrupt speed variations in tunnels increase crash risks and reduce traffic operational efficiency. Thus, a pacemaker system (PMS) was developed to stabilize traffic flow by guiding drivers to maintain uniform speeds through the use of sequentially illuminated LED lights installed along tunnel walls. This study aims to quantitatively evaluate the effects of a PMS on traffic operational efficiency and safety in the Geumnam Tunnel of the Seoul–Yangyang Expressway via a driving simulation. In speed-recovery scenarios, sequential LED lights effectively encouraged drivers to gradually restore their speed. Consequently, the average speed increased significantly, whereas both the difference in speed and the space-varying volatility of speed decreased, thus indicating enhanced driving consistency and improved flow stability. In speed-reduction scenarios, drivers’ deceleration responses were compared under three PMS operational types: flashing yellow, message display, and combined flashing with a message. Combined flashing with a message yielded the most controlled and pronounced deceleration, thus facilitating drivers in reducing their speed smoothly without abrupt braking or instability. The results collectively demonstrate that a PMS can serve a dual function by supporting both speed recovery under normal conditions and safe deceleration in accident cases. These findings provide empirical evidence of the effectiveness of a PMS as an intelligent tunnel-traffic management system and highlight its potential as a proactive safety technology. Furthermore, this study offers practical insights for future PMS designs as well as operational guidelines for enhancing traffic efficiency and driver safety in tunnel environments.

Human errors committed by traffic managers have consistently been identified as one of the major causes of traffic accidents. In fact, these errors are not merely the result of individual negligence but are closely related to the organizational level of safety culture. This study empirically examines the effects of safety-culture factors on the occurrence of human error through a survey of 100 employees from road and railway traffic control centers. Safety culture was categorized into five dimensions: leadership, rule compliance, reporting system, mutual trust, and learning orientation. Human error was defined based on Rasmussen’s generic error-modeling system (GEMS) as slips, mistakes, or violations. The analysis revealed that leadership and reporting system contributed the most significantly in reducing human error, whereas learning orientation and mutual trust show significant effect. Rule compliance is statistically significant but its effect size is relatively limited. This study transcends the classical perspective of regarding managerial human error as an individual fault and demonstrates that the level of organizational safety culture is a decisive factor in error prevention. Furthermore, the findings provide both academic and practical implications by suggesting directions for strengthening safety culture at the level of traffic-safety policy and organizational management.

Despite the legal obligation for employers to prevent musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) under the South Korean Occupational Safety and Health Act, the incidence of work-related MSDs has continually increased, becoming a significant social issue. This study empirically investigates the comprehensive impact of workplace safety and health (S&H) levels on the occurrence of MSDs. Utilizing cross-sectional data from the 7th Survey of the Working Environment (2024), encompassing 20,262 workplaces, this research analyzed the effects of two primary S&H components, identified through factor analysis: "S&H Management System" and "Management Leadership and Participation." Logistic regression analysis was employed to assess their influence, along with the moderating roles of the "presence of ergonomic burden tasks" and the "implementation of hazard investigations." The results revealed that the implementation of a hazard investigation was the most critical factor, strongly associated with a decreased risk of MSDs (OR = 0.171, p < .001), confirming the practical effectiveness of this mandatory measure. Conversely, a higher level of "S&H Management System" was paradoxically associated with an increased likelihood of MSD occurrence (OR = 1.598, p < .001), while "Management Leadership and Participation" showed no significant association. Furthermore, workplaces that formally acknowledged the "presence of ergonomic burden tasks" reported a significantly lower risk of MSDs (OR = 0.636, p < .05). These findings suggest that the positive association between S&H systems and MSDs may reflect better reporting and higher awareness in well-managed workplaces rather than a failure of the system itself. Moreover, the act of identifying and acknowledging ergonomic risks appears to trigger pre-emptive management actions that effectively reduce MSDs. This study highlights that beyond the formal establishment of S&H systems, the practical implementation of key activities, such as hazard investigations and active risk recognition, is essential for the effective prevention of musculoskeletal disorders.

This study evaluated the effectiveness of fire safety education in high school dormitories high density residential environments by assessing both cognitive and behavioral changes. Pre and post surveys were combined with measurement of the Required Safe Egress Time (RSET), which recorded 264 seconds from alarm activation (T₀ + 0 sec) to final evacuation completion (T₀ + 264 sec). This enabled a quantitative analysis of behavioral improvement. Results revealed that academic performance and family background significantly influenced learning outcomes, whereas the “evacuation during fire” domain showed no statistically significant change, suggesting insufficient instructional content or delivery. Policy recommendations include customized fire safety programs reflecting learner characteristics, experiential evacuation drills, school and home safety integration, mandatory dormitory fire drills, and certification with best practice dissemination. The findings offer a practical framework for enhancing fire safety education tailored to dormitory based schools, contributing to improved preparedness, response capability, and student survival in real fire emergencies.

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the educational needs that should be considered in developing a simulation-based program to enhance patient safety competency among nursing students. Methods: The participants included 38 nursing students and 38 practicing nursing professionals. Data were collected from March 5 to 19, 2025, using a structured self-report questionnaire. The data were analyzed using SPSS 19.0, employing descriptive statistics, paired t-tests, Importance–Performance Analysis (IPA), and Borich’s needs assessment. Results: A significant difference was observed between the current and required levels of educational needs across all items related to developing a simulation-based program to enhance patient safety competencies among nursing students and professionals. According to the results of the IPA and Borich needs assessment, “Clinical reasoning” and “Medication safety” emerged as the highest priority for nursing students and professionals, respectively. Conclusion: These findings are expected to provide foundational evidence for developing a simulation-based program aimed at enhancing patient safety competencies in nursing students.

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a simulation-based Room of Errors patient safety education program on patient safety-related nursing activities and critical reflection competency of new nurses. Method: A randomized controlled pretest–posttest design was used. A total of 63 new nurses participated, with 32 assigned to the experimental group and 31 to the control group. The experimental group received a team-based simulation intervention, with participants collaboratively identifying and addressing patient safety hazards within Room of Errors scenarios. Results: In the experimental group, patient safety-related nursing activity scores increased significantly after the intervention (t = 2.70, p = .011), while the control group showed no significant change (t = 0.23, p = .816). Additionally, critical reflection competency scores improved significantly in the experimental group (t = 3.66, p < .001), with no significant change observed in the control group (t = -0.53, p = .603). The between-group difference in change scores for critical reflection competency was statistically significant (t = 2.77, p = .007). Conclusion: The simulation-based Room of Errors education program effectively enhanced patient safety-related nursing activities and critical reflection competency among new nurses, suggesting its value as a training method for developing essential competencies in clinical practice.

This study investigates the applicability and feasibility of introducing lightweight safety helmets in industrial workplaces, with the aim of identifying subsequent research needs. Conventional industrial helmets often present limitations such as excessive weight, discomfort during prolonged use, and reduced compliance among workers—factors that may diminish protective performance and hinder the establishment of a strong safety culture. Recent advances in materials engineering and ergonomic design have renewed interest in lightweight safety helmets as a potential alternative capable of enhancing user comfort and improving wear-ability. To evaluate their practical adoption, this study examines the essential safety performance requirements of lightweight helmets, including impact absorption, durability, and structural stability, as well as their suitability across diverse work environments. Additionally, factors such as user acceptance, cost-effectiveness, and industry-specific operational demands are analyzed to determine the overall feasibility of implementation. Based on these multidimensional assessments, the study identifies key gaps and proposes future research directions necessary for the development, standardization, and field validation of lightweight helmets. The findings aim to provide foundational evidence to support the broader adoption of lightweight protective equipment and contribute to the advancement of worker safety in evolving industrial environments.

본 연구는 한국의 제품안전인증 제도와 제조물책임법(PL)상 결함 인정 기준을 미국, EU, 일본의 제도와 비교·분석함으로써, 사전 예방적 규제와 사후적 책임체계 간의 구조적 간 극을 규명하였다. 제품안전인증 제도는 최소한의 안전 수준 확보를 위한 사전적 규제수단 으로 작동하는 반면, 제조물책임 제도는 소비자의 합리적 기대 수준을 기준으로 한 사후적 책임체계로 기능한다. 이러한 제도적 이원성은 소비자 보호와 기업 규제이행 간의 균형을 위한 필연적 구조로 이해될 수 있으나, 양 제도 간 연계가 미흡할 경우 소비자 피해 및 기업은 규제와 소송 대응에서 불확실성과 이중 부담에 직면하게 된다. 특히 한국의 경우, 제조물책임 판결 결과가 안전기준의 개정으로 환류되는 절차가 미흡하여 법적 판단과 행정적 규제 간의 정보 연계가 부족한 것으로 나타났다. 이에 본 연구는 판례 기반 결함정 보의 체계적 환류 절차 구축의 필요성을 제시하였다. 구체적으로는 (1) 결함 및 판례 데이 터를 통합적으로 수집·관리하는 결함정보 플랫폼 구축, (2) 인증기관 간 정보공유 네트워 크 강화, (3) 기업의 ESG 기반 위험관리체계 고도화를 핵심 과제로 도출하였다. 연구의 주요 시사점으로는 첫째, 위험도 기반의 인증기준 상향조정을 통해 기술 변화와 시장 위험 을 반영해야 하며, 둘째, 리콜 제도의 실효성 강화를 통해 결함 대응의 투명성과 신속성을 확보해야 한다. 셋째, 미국(CPSC·NHTSA), EU(RAPEX), 일본(소비자청) 등 해외 주요국 의 정보공유 및 환류체계를 벤치마킹하여 국제적 표준화 기반을 확립할 필요가 있다. 넷 째, 기업은 ESG 경영 관점에서 자발적 안전기준 강화 및 리스크 커뮤니케이션 체계 구축 을 통해 이해관계자 신뢰를 제고하고, 규제 리스크를 선제적으로 관리해야 한다.

The As the elderly population increases, interest in health and health maintenance is increasing, leading to membership in the sports club. Among the sports clubs, many people are joining the "golf" event, and "golf" was the highest among the clubs that want to join in the future. Recently, 'park golf' is in vogue in Korea. In particular, anyone can easily participate in the elderly, so its popularity is increasing day by day. As a result, many local governments are establishing park golf courses for welfare, and problems are occurring in the process of establishment and operation. First, although it is registered as a sports facility event, it is classified as a 'free industry' and is not subject to sports facility business reporting, so there is a problem that it is difficult for local governments to manage in advance. Second, as the number of people participating increases, related safety accidents are also increasing. Third, there is a burden on operating finances. Initial establishment costs, lawn maintenance costs, facility maintenance costs, and labor costs continue to occur. Fourth, conflicts with local residents arise due to environmental destruction, noise and traffic congestion, and use of specific age groups in the process of establishing a park golf course. Therefore, this study investigates the current status of park golf and suggests countermeasures for various problems.

This study theoretically analyzes and verifies the educational effects and satisfaction of current Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) education in order to support efficient and effective learner-centered educational program management. The findings are intended to serve as foundational evidence for establishing an education system that enhances the professional competencies of OSH practitioners. Data were collected from 300 trainees of the OSH Education Institute, using their survey responses as analytical material. Based on prior studies on expectation–performance congruence, educational satisfaction, and behavioral intention, the study examined how the perceived value of educational outcomes (expectation–performance congruence) influences learners’ educational satisfaction and behavioral int` ention. A research model and hypotheses were developed from the collected data, and SPSS 18.0 was used to conduct frequency analysis, reliability analysis, exploratory factor analysis, and regression analysis to verify the hypotheses. The reliability results showed high internal consistency for expectation–performance congruence (α=0.804), education quality satisfaction (α=0.905), and behavioral intention (α=0.756), confirming the suitability of the measurement tools. However, the reliability coefficient for staff kindness/facility satisfaction was lower (α=0.498), suggesting divergent perceptions among respondents for those items. Regression analysis revealed statistically significant effects among expectation–performance congruence, educational satisfaction (education quality and staff kindness/ facilities), and behavioral intention. The results indicate that expectation–performance congruence influences behavioral intention directly and also indirectly through educational satisfaction, demonstrating a partial mediating effect of educational satisfaction. In other words, higher expectation–performance congruence increases educational satisfaction, which subsequently exerts a stronger indirect effect on behavioral intention such as willingness to re-participate or recommend the program. These findings suggest that identifying each learner’s expectation level and enhancing the perceived value of education are essential for improving educational satisfaction and achieving outcomes such as re-enrollment and positive recommendation.

본 연구는 중대형 건설현장의 산업안전보건법상 산업안전보건관리비 운용실태를 분석하 고, 2024–2025년 개정된 계상기준이 건축공사 대비 토목공사의 예산 부족 문제를 얼마나 완화하는지 평가하였다. 분석은 한국토지주택공사 144개 현장 자료를 바탕으로 하였으며, 핵심 지표로 ‘월별 산업안전관리비 사용실적 금액’, 즉 각 현장의 산업안전보건관리비 총액을 사용기간으로 나눈 값을 설정하였다. 건축와 토목[단지·도로·조경]공사의 사업종 류별 산업안전보건관리비를 사업규모별, 공정률별로 층화하여 비교한 결과, 2024~2025년 개정 전 산업안전보건관리비 계상기준으로 운영되는 공사현장에서는, 공사금액 규모가 낮은 반면에 공기가 상대적으로 긴 토목에서 월별 사용실적 금액이 일관되게 낮아 안전관 리자 인건비, 안전시설 유지·보수, 정기 교육·검진 등 상시성 비용 집행 압력이 높게 나타 났다. 2024-2025년 산업안전보건관리비 계상기준 개편으로 인한 요율 상향 시나리오에서 는 월별 가용성이 전반적으로 개선되었고, 특히 토목에서 개선 폭이 상대적으로 크게 관찰 되었다. 다만, 공사금액에만 연동되는 현행 체계의 구조적 한계가 잔존함에 따라, 개정된 계상기준에서도 여전히 사각지대가 존재함을 실증적으로 확인하였다. 이를 통해, 공사금 액에만 연동하는 산업안전보건관리비 체계의 실효성과 한계를 제시함으로써 향후 제도 고도화 필요성의 근거를 제공한다.

In Korea, safety management of hazardous substances is secured by enacting relevant laws, and the main methods can be divided into legal facility inspection and maintenance through appointment of safety managers. In this study, we investigated the current status of safety education at domestic and oversea for hazardous materials, one of the hazardous substances, and were able to identify differences and problems among safety education methods. First, in terms of hardware, it was necessary to review the curriculum content, curriculum time, consistency of curriculum level, and direction of legally recognized education, and In terms of software, it was necessary to secure objectivity in qualification and evaluation methods and to require an education model that reflects the latest trends and can predict risks was required.