환경친화적인 도로건설의 개념은 최근에 많이 언급되고 있으나 실제로 측정할 수 있는 방법론이 전무한 실정이다. 특히 환경친화성을 현장에 적용하기 위해서는 계획단계에서 적용할 수 있는 방법론이 개발되어야 한다. 본 연구의 목적은 일반국도의 환경친화성을 평가할 수 있는 방법을 개발하여 현장에 적용할 수 있도록 하는 것이다. 평가지표 개발을 위해 환경영향평가에서 제시하고 있는 총 10개 분야에서 8개의 환경친화성 지표를 선정하였으며, 정성적 평가기법과 정량적 평가기법을 함께 적용하기 위해 정성적 평가방법으로는 계층화분석법(Analytic Hierarchy Process)을 사용하였으며, 정량적 평가방법으로는 일반국도 구간에서 지표에 대한 수치를 적용하였다. 환경친화성 지표선정을 위해 시범적용된 일반국도 구간은 총 10개 구간에 120km의 연장으로 구성되어 있다. 본 연구에서 제시된 평가방법론은 일반국도의 환경에 대한 적용수준을 평가할 수 있으며, 적용에 대한 이해가 쉽고 데이터의 수집이 간편하다. 이러한 방법론을 통해 도로건설시에 환경친화성을 평가하고 보완할 수 있는 도구로 이용이 가능할 것이다. 또한 여러 도로구간들의 환경친화성에 대한 비교를 통해 환경친화성을 높일 수 있는 근거로 사용이 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

통영, 인천, 군산 및 홍성의 해수 미생물에서 각종 어업용구의 재료로 사용될 수 있는 Mater-Bi®, PHBV, PBSA 및 PCL의 분해거동을 조사하였다. Acinetobacter lwoffu/junii와 Shewanella algae/putrefaciens는 모든 해수속에 서식하고 있었으며 Eikenella corrodens 역시 비록 YITEK 결과의 신뢰도가 조금 낮은 수준으로 동정되었지만 모든 해수에서 검출되었다. 해수에서는 M

Room temperature cure type of acryl-urethane coatings with high solid content were prepared in this study. Acrylic resins with 80% solid content were cured with hexamethylene diisocyanate (Desmodure N-3600). The cure time of prepared coatings BEHCC-84 (BEHC-84 : Tg=0℃) and BEHCC-87 (BEHC-87 : Tg=30℃), measured by rigid-body pendulum method, was recorded 8.3 hours and 3.8 hours, respectively. Dynamic viscoelastic experiment also revealed the glass transition temperature of BEHCC-84 and BEHCC-87 to be Tg=40.3℃ and Tg=43.3℃, respectively. It was found that the adhesion and flexural properties among various propeties of coatings were enhanced by the incorporation of caprolactone acrylate monomer into the acrylic resins.

Production of Bacterial Cellulose (BC) by Gluconacetobacter sp. A5 was studied in shaken culture using different cost-effective carbon sources and its structural and mechanical properties were evaluated. Glycerol showed the highest level (7.26 g/l) of BC production, which was about three times higher than the yield in glucose medium. BC production depended not only on the decrease in pH, but also on the ability of Gluconacetobacter sp. A5 to synthesize glucose from different carbon sources and then polymerize it into BC. All BC produced from different carbon sources exhibited a three-dimensional reticulated structure consisting of ultrafine cellulose fibriles. Carbon sources did not significantly change the microfibrile structure of the resulting BC. BC produced from glucose medium had the lowest water-holding capacity, while BC from molasses medium had the highest. XRD data revealed that all BC were cellulose type І, the same as typical native cellulose. The crystalline strength of BC produced in glucose medium was the highest, and that in molasses medium was the lowest. Our results suggest that glycerol could be a potential low-cost substrate for BC production, leading to the reduction in the production cost, and also to produce BC with different mechanical properties by selecting appropriate carbon source.

For the purpose of development of an environmentally friendly aqueous cleanser, some experimental researches on emulsification of D-limonene were performed. OA series surfactants with different molecular weight were adapted as an emulsifier for preparation of O/W emulsion. Cleaning power of aqueous cleanser was measured by a dipping method adapting abietic acid(AA) as a solubilizate. Besides, drop size and drop size distribution, contact angle and storage stability of the aqueous cleansers were also measured and relationships among them were examined. Decrease in molecular weight of surfactant induced small drop size and contact angle, resulting in high cleaning power of aqueous cleanser. Aqueous cleanser consisted of 3wt.% OA300 and 30wt.% D-limonene showed the highest cleaning power, but displayed unfortunately with low storage stability. The storage stability of the aqueous cleanser with OA300 was significantly enhanced by addition of 0.5wt.% OA600 at the expanse of decrease in cleaning power.

Recently, Environmentally friendliness and sustainability become the main concern of residential area planning. This paper deals with the estimation indicator system for environmentally friendliness of residential areas. An interview survey was carried out for resident groups by the type of housing. 'Environmentally friendly residential site' is defined as "A site of sustainable development with low undesirable impact on environment, friendliness to natural environments such as green areas and waters, and amenity, health & hygiene of residents". Totally, nineteen individual indicators, six categories and three principles(Low Impact, High Contact, Amenity & Health) were proposed as estimation indicator system. Residents showed high importance on principle of 'amenity & health'. Individual indicators such as 'garbage segregated collection', 'secure green areas' and 'cleanness of water and air' showed high weighting value by each principles. Satisfaction level of residents for individual indicators, such as 'garbage segregated collection', 'common gardens', and 'cleanness of residential areas', were comparatively high. By the result of factor analysis, the proposed model for indicator system was valid.

Emergy is a measure of the processes required to produce something expressed in units of the same energy form. Emergy based indices can provide insights into the thermodynamic efficiency of the process, the quality of its output, and the interaction between the process and its surrounding environment. However, in an industrial system, the inputs are mostly nonrenewable, renewable energy source is nearly zero, ultimate purpose is pursuit of profits in economic activity. In study, we present two indices based on emergy - EEE(Ecological Economic Efficiency) and ERI(Environmental Responsibility Index). The EEE is taken into account real value of product in market economy. The ERI is shown to be a function of the net yield of the economy, its 'load' on the environment and ecological economic efficiency. Manufacturing industry of Korea produced the 30% of total GDP in 2001. We applied these indices to manufacturing industry for environmental management and further sustainable industry. As a results, the highest ERI is 0.34 in recycling industries, the lowest ERI is 0.01 in coke, refined petroleum products which is dominated by ELR. The higher ERI, the more friendly to environment. The suggested indices help us understand relative contributions of various alternatives in company's production and consumption activity, and provide a tool of decision-making for the rearrangement of future industries. Furthermore, they contribute to environmental friendly operation and consumption.

A biosurfactant-producing microorganism was isolated from activated sludge by enrichment culture when grown on a minimal salt medium containing n-hexadecane as a sole carbon source. This microorganism was identified as Pseudomonas sp. and it was named Pseudomonas sp. EL-G527. It's optimal culture condition is 2% n-hexadecane, 0.2% NH4NO3, 0.3% KH2PO4, 0.3% K2HPO4, 0.02% MgSO4ㆍ7H2O, 0.0025% CaCl2ㆍ6H2O, 0.0015% FeSO4ㆍ7H2O in 1ℓ distilled water and initial pH 7.0. Cultivation was initiated with a 2% inoculum obtained from starter cultures grown in 30 ㎖ of the same medium in 250 ㎖ flask. They were cultivated at 30 ℃ in reciprocal shaking incubator and the highest biosurfactant production was observed after 4 days.

The duck-rice farming system is increasingly spread up throughout Korea since 1992. It is discussed the rice yield, rice quality, weed and pest management in the duck-rice weeding system compared to conventional farming system. Moreover the optimizing duck population, system management and fertilizer application rate were reported. Energy input and output by duck-rice farming system were carefully compared with those of low input sustainable paddy field and conventional farming paddy field. To find out the environmentally sound function of duck-rice system, the total nitrogen in paddy soil and paddy water, and nitrogen cycle in paddy rice cultivation system were analysed. Finally the input and output were calculated, and ecological characteristic were determined in terms of nitrogen balance, labor input, animal input, renewable energy input, turnover of soil organic matter, energy loss, non-renewable indirect and direct energy input. It was concluded duck-rice weeding system could be recommended in terms of not only environmentally sound, but also farmer"s income. But there are still some research needs for successful adaption of duck-rice farming to investigate to determine the optimal population of duck in rice paddy field unit, release time of duckling, duck management after release, and strategy for duck marketing and duck processing.

본 논문의 목적을 위한 외인성 효소 즉 phytase, β　glucanase, pentosanase는 전 세계적으로 양돈사료에 첨가제로서 광범위하게 사용하고 있다. 이러한 효소의 화학적 효과는 이해가 잘 되고 있다. 하지만 돼지에서 이러한 효소들의 효과에 대해서는 아직까지 논란의 여지가 있다. Phytase는 곡류내 존재하는 피틴태 인의 이용성을 증가시킬 수 있어 배설되는 분 중 인의 오염도를 낮출 수 있고 사료내 사용하는 무기태 인의 양을 감소시킬 수

An experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of adding phytase on nutrient digestibility in growing pigs. Three barrow pigs averaging 28.5±3.1kg of body weight were allotted to three treatments by 3×3 latin square. Treatments included 1) corn　 soybean meal based　control diet and 2) and 3) control diet with phytase 500 and 1,000 unit. There were no effects of treatments on dry matter and nitrogen digestibility (P>0.05). Ash, Ca and P digestibility in pigs fed diet with phytase were greater than those in pigs fed control diet(P＜0.05). An increased phosphorus intake was observed from pigs fed diet with treatments compared to that from pigs fed control diet. Pigs fed diet with adding phytase had improved P absorption compared to pigs fed control diet(P＜0.05). There was no significantly effect on fecal and urine excretion(P＜0.05). Ca intake was increased for pigs fed adding phytase compared to pigs fed control diet. No evident effect was observed on Ca fecal excretion among dietary treatments, however, urine excretion of pigs fed diet with treatments was decreased compared to pigs fed control diet. Cystine, isoleucine, tyrosine and phenylalanine digestibility of amino acid were greater for pigs fed diet with treatments than those for pigs fed control diet(P＜0.05). Asparagine, threonine, serine, methionine and leucine digestibility were improved for pigs fed with phytase 500 unit compared to pigs fed control diet. Lysine, histidine, arginine and other animo acids digestibility were higher for pigs fed diet with phytase than control diet, but there were no significant effects by the treatments(P>0.05). In conclusion, the results of the experiments suggest that phytase supplementation in the diets could be a very beneficial strategy in environmental aspects.

The antibacterial effect amino acid-copper(Ⅱ) surfactant on fish pathogens was studied. Fish pathogens of Edwardsiella tarda, Vibrio anguillarum, Aeromonas hydrophila and Streptococcus sp. were selected, cultured in nutrient agar and adjusted at 2 × 10 5∼106 CFU/㎖ in phosphate buffer saline before the addtion of amino acid-copper(Ⅱ) surfactant with different concentrations. All tested pathogens died within 1 hour with 1 ppm of amino acid-copper(Ⅱ) surfactant. In comparison with formalin and ET, amino acid-copper(Ⅱ) surfactnat was more effective in antibacterial capacity.

Recently, new concept and paradigm of 'Environmentally-Friendliness' is taking a growing interest in environmental planning and design. This study is to establish the evaluation model for environmentally-friendliness of 'Tourism Farms' in rural areas by LISREL structural equation model. A questionnaire survey was conducted for deputy manager group and expert group. As the Result of LISREL structural equation model, the environmentally-friendliness of tourism farms is composed of three categories. First, conservation of global environment (Low Impact), second, friendliness to surrounding nature(High Contact), and third, environmental health and amenities (Health & Amenity). Five indicators, such as (1)saving of energy and water resource, (2)reduction and reuse of garbage, (3)natural purification of sewage disposal, (4)utilization of natural energy, (5)campaign and education programs of environmentally-friendliness, were affecting the first category, i.e., conservation of global environment(Low Impact). Friendliness to surrounding nature (High Contact) is affected by 3 indicators, (1)contact to nature and diverse green areas, (2)water intimate & contact areas, (3)natural ecology observation by biotope. Finally, the dimension of environmental health and amenity is affected by 3 indicators, (1)nature affinity by farming experience, (2)environmental-friendliness of soil & crops by organic farming, (3) campaign and education programs of environmentally-friendliness. Total coefficient of determination of the structural equation model by LISREL was 0.897, which showed high explanatory power.