As the technological gap amongst manufacturers decreases, the life cycle of products has shortened, and competition accelerates due to the development of technology, incumbent manufacturing companies face growth limitations. In order to overcome such business issues, manufacturing companies are increasingly interested in changes in business models and innovations, especially in the direction of providing services where they can maintain the competitive advantage of their products. In such context, this empirical study examines managerial leadership, differentiation strategies, and products and services pricing as 'servitization factors', which can be driving forces for moving into a new era of growth for Korean SMEs, focusing on the mediating effects of servitization competency. The results are as follows: First, it was confirmed that executive leadership, differentiation strategy, and information & communication technology capability have a direct effect on service sales. Second, the process competency, partnership competency, and ICT competency, which are presented as the service competence of SMEs, were found to play an important role in inducing service sales in managerial leadership, differentiation strategy, product and services pricing. It also emphasized the role of the public policy such as helping to foster SMEs as key partners in the expansion of social facilities and establishing platforms through ICT and data utilization for the convergence of manufacturing services.

제조업이 국가경제에서 차지하는 중요성에도 불구하고 고용비중의 급격한 감소는 한국을 포함한 선진국이 당면한 공통의 문제이다. 그 중에서도 과학기술 일자리는 고용의 질과 산업경쟁력에 직결되기 때문에 정책적 차원에서 중요성하나 이에 대한 선행연구는 미진 한 편이다. 본 연구에서는 제조업을 기술체제에 따라 세분화하고 신제품 개발, 신공정 개발, 개 방형 혁신, 정부 R&D지원이 과학기술 일자리 창출에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 분석결과 신제품 개발은 과학기술 일자리 확대에 기여하나 신공정 개발은 과학기술 일자리를 감소시키는 것으로 확인되었다. 또한 개방형 혁신은 연구개발 기능의 아웃소싱으로 인해 과학기술 일자리를 감소시키는 효과가 있으며, 정부 R&D 지원은 기술혁신에 대한 수요가 낮은 전통산업의 과학기술 일자리 창출에 기여하는 것으로 나타났다.

The steel pipe manufacturing industry deals with facilities and materials. Especially thermal facilities are close to vapor cloud explosion (VCE) and may cause secondary damage to facilities because they deal with corrosive substances such as hydrofluoric acid, sulfuric acid and acid, fire, explosion, leakage etc. It is in danger. In this study, hazard identification method was conducted using HAZOP techniques and quantitative risk analysis was conducted using e-CA, a program that supports accident impact analysis. Equipment in the influence range of ERPG - 3 was determined to be a facility requiring replacement. It was decided that neutralization is necessary using slaked lime. Based on the cost of loss, We presented the proper replacement which is the timing of the dangerous facility. As a result, It was ideal to replace the facilities with 20 years of heat treatment facilities, one year of hydrofluoric acid storage tank, 20 years of sulfuric acid storage tank, and 5 years of hydrochloric acid storage tank.

The 4th industrial revolution is in its progressive form, and its effects are already being revealed throughout society. It has led to a variety of new technologies including artificial intelligence (AI), big data, Internet of Things (IoT), robotics, cyber-physical systems, biotechnology, 3D printers, drones, and Uber. The winds of this revolution are expected to bring many changes to the manufacturing industry. The low-growth global economy and a decline in productivity are prompting a 4th industrial revolution centered on Europe’s Germany, as it needed new growth engines. In Korea, manufacturing industries focused on labor and capital were the center of the industry. The goal was to pursue the first and second industrial revolution led by the developed countries, and to achieve what is called the “Miracle of the Han River”, “The Four Dragons for Asia”, and “The East Asian Miracle”. However, unlike the past, the 4th industrial revolution is not expected to bring about theoretical but substantial changes. The preparations and research into the 4th industrial revolution may seem to be ahead of the major countries, but unfortunately it is far behind the major ones. The United States, China, Germany and Japan are in the process of reorganizing the society, culture and economy in relation to the 4th industrial revolution. Korea`s economy, however, is showing a decline in the growth rate, with the exception of technical hardware and equipment and telecommunications. The 4th industrial revolution is an industry that requires highly specialized knowledge, information, and technology, and if it fails to respond to rapidly evolving technological changes and trends, it is bound to be relegated to the government's position. For small and medium sized manufacturers in particular, the longer the preparation is delayed due to poor environment, structural backwardness, lack of core competencies, and lack of innovation, the more likely they will adjust to social and technological changes caused by the 4th industrial revolution. Accordingly, it is necessary to enhance the importance of preparation for the 4th Industrial Revolution and to take strategic approaches to enhance the sophistication of technologies and the autonomy of small and medium sized manufacturing companies. In this study, we intend to study the manufacturing-ready effects of manufacturing industries based on the level of perception of the company’s 4th industrial revolution. For this purpose, 122 small and medium manufacturing companies were surveyed on the 4th industrial revolution. The survey was conducted for about four months from December 1, 2017 to March 31, 2018. In the case of small and medium sized manufacturing companies, a hypothesis was established on how the perception and preparation of the industrial revolution affects the direct preparation of the 4th industrial revolution. Three assumptions were presented depending on the level of perception of the 4th industrial revolution and the data were drawn from the questionnaire. When comparing the data to the hypothesis, small and medium manufacturing companies should be able to determine the level of interest they have in the 4th Industrial Revolution, and if they are not prepared to do so, they should be able to invest in a certain extent.

본 논문은 한국의 연구개발투자가 제조업구분에 따른 파급효과들을 산업연관분석을 이용하여 분석하고 있다. 연구 방법은 2010∼2014년 국내 산업연관표 상에서 연구개발투자 부문을 외생화하고, 경제협력개발기구(OECD)의 기술수준 분류표에 입각하여 기술수준별로 제조업을 분류하여 연구개발투자가 미치는 생산유발효과와 부가가치유발효과를 분석하였다. 분석결과, 연구개발투자의 기술수준별 제조업 구분에 따른 생산유발효과는 중고기술과 중저기술에 속한 제조업에서 높은 것으로 나타났으며, 부가가치유발효과 역시 중고기술 제조업에서 높은 것으로 나타났다. 반면 연구개발투자가 가장 많은 고기술제조업에서 생산유발효과와 부가가치유발효과가 상기 2부문보다 낮은 것으로 분석되었다. 이러한 결과들은 한국 제조업이 연구개발투자를 통해 기술수준의 제고를 달성하고 이를 산업구조의 고도화로 이어간다는 품질사다리론과 연계되지 않았음을 의미한다. 이러한 분석결과로부터 한국의 연구개발투자가 고기술제조업의 생산유발과 부가가치효과의 증대를 위해 구조조정이 필요하다는 시사점을 얻었다. 본 논문은 산업연관표의 구조적 특성으로 인해 연구개발투자의 시차를 고려하지 못한 한계를 안고 있다.

This paper investigated relationship among internal as well as external motive to receive the ISO 13485 certification, countermeasure to the certification examination, active reception/execution level of the certification, and operational as well as financial performance of the medical device related enterprises in South Korea which received and are maintaining the ISO 13485 certification. SEM (structural equation model) and related analyses using AMOS 21.0 and SPSS 21.0 have been applied to verify the hypotheses of the research. Result of the research showed that internal as well as external motive for certification positively(+) affects active reception/execution level of the certification as well as countermeasure to the certification examination. The reception/execution level of the certification also positively(+) affects on the operational as well as financial performance of the certified enterprises. However, countermeasure to the certification examination was found out to negatively(-) affects the active reception/execution level of the certification and we can interpret that relatively more countermeasure to the certification examination burdens the employees of the enterprise, causing them to be less active on the reception/execution level of the certification. This research found that an enterprise’s operational/financial performance improves when an enterprise introduces the ISO 13485 certification standard spontaneously on the purpose of improving its system and the certification system is applied to the enterprise actively, not passively. This research emphasizes the need to recognize the difference of the level of active reception implication among members of an enterprise according to the motive of introduction of the certification system.

The purpose of this study was to identify the observable symptoms of musculoskeletal disease from electronic components manufacturing workers who involved in many repetitive tasks and to provide the basic data for the prevention and management. The survey was conducted on 721 people from 15 April, 2013 to 17 May, 2013 by selfrecording type. The results of the study are as follows. First, symptom complaints based on different body parts are in following order, waist was 12.9%, shoulder was 10.5%, neck was 7.4%, hand/wrist/finger was 7.4%, leg/foot was 4.4%, arm/elbow was 2.8%, and 21.9% of the respondents showed symptoms in more than one body part. Sex, age, marital status, work experience, work intensity, and past accident experience were statistically significant. Second, in the job stress evaluation, all male and female workers were below the median of Korean workers in all of 8 categories. the higher the scores for lack of job autonomy, the higher the symptom complaints of musculoskeletal disease. In the case of patients complain observable symptoms of musculorskeletal disease, they should receive proper outpatient treatment, various programs such as stretching by body parts, setting up a desirable working posture, switching to cyclical work, should b developed as much as possible.

In recent years, there have been many serious disasters caused by the lack of basic safety and health measures at workplaces, such as chemical poisoning accidents and fire and explosion accidents at large shipyards. At the same time, interest and awareness of the safety of our people is rising. There are several schemes to preemptively remove industrial accidents. Among them, the safety and health diagnosis system that provides the safety and health of the workplace is proposed as an alternative and the system is expanding quantitatively every year by suggesting problems and remedial measures. Therefore, it is very important to secure the safety and health of the workplace through the safety and health diagnosis. However, due to the lack of laws and regulations on safety and health diagnosis system, dumping of diagnosis amount due to the existence of too many diagnosis agencies, lack of expertise of diagnostic workforce, etc. there has been serious disasters in the diagnostic workspaces. In this regard, the reliability of the safety and health diagnosis is questionable. Therefore, in this study, I intend to improve the reliability of safety and health diagnosis by reviving the intention of safety and health diagnosis legislation

Risk assessment in the manufacturing field has greatly contributed to rationalization and improvement of image of enterprise by preventing of serious accident and through systematic management of pre-risk factors for each manufacturing process, proceduralization of work processes, and simplification of safety management documents. However, as applied to manufacturing industries requiring diversity and complexity,€perfunctory improvement has been carried out. As a result of the study, the current system of risk assessment is generally implemented by upper management, whereas, it turns out that workers who are most exposed to risk have lack of knowledge and understanding of risk assessment. In order to improve the problems in the current system of manufacturing risk assessment and increase practicality, following two methods have been suggested to implement. One is an execution of risk assessment training for manufacturing safety and health and the other is an application of participatory (workers) risk assessment training.

This paper suggests a specific model that could efficiently improve the interaction and the interface between MES(Manufacturing Execution System) server and PDA terminal through RFID(Radio Frequency Identification) system and bar-code system in automative transmission shipment place of the finished assembly parts. The proposed model shows that the new method by RF-Tag system can more efficiently perform to reduce processing time and loading time for shipment, compared with the current approach by bar-code system. It is noted in case of the method by RF-Tag that the effects of proposed model are as follows; (a) While the shipping lead time per truck for carrying by the current method was 35 minutes, the shipping lead time by the new method was 15 minutes. (b) While the accuracy for carrying by the current method was 50%, the accuracy by the new method was 99%.

본 논문은 ISO에서 2008년 규격이 최근 2015년 규격으로 개정 발행됨에 따라 ISO인증이 필요한 조직들은 필수적으로 2018년 9월까지는 전환심사를 통하여 개정 인증을 받아야 한다. 2015년 개정 규격의 가장 중요한 특징은 리스크 기반 사고에 근거한다는 점과 2008년 규격의 5개 Sectors를 7개 Sectors로 확장하여 요구사항 들을 구체화시켜서 과거의 예방조치의 개념에서 리스크의 개념으로 전환하고 PDCA 싸이클속에 내재하는 품질경영시스템의 요소들을 시스템적으로 관리하는 것이다. 이에 따라 개정규격의 인증이 필수적인 여러 조직들 가운데서 동남지역에 위치한 제조업체들을 선택하여 제조업체 여러 가지 특성들에 대한 자료들과 개정규격의 적합성을 통계적으로 분석함으로써 그들의 관련성을 발견하고 개정규격이 용이하게 운용될 수 있도록 제안하고자 한다.

2015년 12월20일 한중 FTA가 발효되면서 10조원의 중국시장 선점과 약 10년간 0.96%의 경제성장효과를 나타낼 수 있을 것이라는 정부 발표가 있었다. 또한 한중 FTA의 2015년 연 내 발효에 따라 2016년부터 바로 그 효과가 나타날 것으로 발표되어 한국경제의 새로운 국면 을 기대하게 되었다. 그러나 중국경제의 성장둔화, 초저유가와 맞물려 2016년 1월 대 중국 한 국수출은 전년 동월대비 21.5% 감소하여 2008년 세계금융위기 때와 비슷한 양상을 보이고 있다. 이러한 현상은 단지 중국의 성장둔화와 저유가만의 문제는 아니며 한중 무역구조 변화 의 영향도 배제할 수 없다. 이에 따라 본 연구에서는 한중양국의 무역구조를 판단할 수 있는 무역결합도를 측정한 결과 한중무역은 결합도가 점차 감소하여 상호경쟁적인 것으로 나타났 다. 이러한 변화가 양국무역에 영향을 주고 있는 것으로 판단되며, 무역결합도를 활용한 한중 FTA 양허안 분석은 새로운 시사점을 제공할 것으로 보인다.

This study organizes not only the middle-long term developing plan of safety health education to put emphasis on a manufacturing industry, but also the developing plan of activating the domestic safety health education. On the basis of this study, current safety health education can be developed. To achieve a goal of implementing domestic safety health education, this study is carried out more deeply as follows.

As the development environment is changing with the development of information communication technology, the systems that were used by each service became used with integration. In the process of integrating from existing legacy systems to new system, it should be smoothly integrated or shared, however, it cannot help holding existing technology or component due to significant cost burden for conversion. In this paper, it was not only classified by types with analyzing the various elements that make up legacy system but an approach and monitoring system were developed to each type. After System application results, data's information generated in each process is provided to other system in real time, so that it has not only secured the work efficiency and reliability but also it is made possible by integrating data in various formats for efficient data management, rapid search and tracking to history. With real-time monitoring system developed in this study, It can be very useful in a variety of industries which require real-time monitoring of distributed legacy system data.

Last five years, Occupational injury rate is declining but still a standstill as 2%, if the rate of deaths all people from 2% to 1% in 2013, but decreased as, occupational safety and health in terms industrial accidents yet has a very weak structure in very small Manufacturing workplace. The purpose of this study was to survey a 1:1 directly person interviews with a structured questionnaire intended for 150 a very small manufacturing workplace. In the results, working with non-regular(informal) workers is one in 10 persons 11.7% and female workers is about three people on 10 persons with 31.0%, and that 75% of non-regular workers who are mainly engaged in the production line appeared. And the work-related injury and accident experience was 4.0% and the occupational injury rate was 1.24%, especially occupational injury rate of older workers was 3.65%, a female workers 1.72%. Workplace risk assessment carried out in response that it was very low as 9.3% of the total. In the technology and funding programs that are supported by the government, was highest with 62.7% of the clean support program awareness, awareness of the rest of the programs is about 10-14% lower. And the satisfaction of supporting a clean support program were the highest 81.3%.

공급망관리(SCM)적인 측면에서 보면 가치나 이익의 총량은 같으나 서로의 역할과 능력, 기능에 따라 그 비율이 달라진다. 건전한 공급망체인은 지속적으로 발전 및 유 지가능할 때 성장을 한다. 제조업의 경쟁력은 원가경쟁력, 품질경쟁력, 속도경쟁력과 유연한 생산경쟁력, 건전한 거래 등에 의해 존재한다. 이외에도 연구개발과 기업거래 의 윤리의식과 가치관 등도 중요한 요인이라고 할 수 있다. 제조업의 경우에 자재 및 부품구입을 공급업체 및 협력업체 등으로부터 일반적으로 50%이상을 구입하고 있어 공급업체의 원가경쟁력도 중요하다. 그러나 전체를 하나의 시스템이라고 볼 때 가치 및 이익지대가 수반이 되지 않는 제품군을 가진 공급망은 유행이나 추세가 끝났을 때 어려움에 봉착하게 된다. 우리나라 제조업에는 여러 산업분야에서 아직 기회가 있다. 부족한 부분을 인식하고 기업 간에 서로의 입장에서 건전하고 상호발전적인 거래를 통하여 협조하고 협력을 한다면 새로운 많은 기회를 맞을 수 있을 것이다. 본 연구에서는 제조업을 중심으로 하여 우리기업의 발전과 경쟁력 강화방안을 찾는 데 있다. 그리고 국민들이 행복하고 보편적인 삶의 질이 개선된 일류국가로 도약할 수 있는 방법을 제시하는 데 있다.