PURPOSES : This study aimed to investigate the factors affecting the severity of traffic crashes caused by personal mobility (PM) devices compared with those involving victims. METHODS : Traffic crashes involving PM devices were used to build a non-parametric statistical model using a classification tree. Based on the results, the factors influencing both at-fault and victim-related crashes caused by PM devices were analyzed. The factors affecting accident severity were also compared. RESULTS : Common factors affecting the severity of traffic crashes involving both perpetrators and victims using PM devices include occurrences at intersections, crosswalks at intersections, single roads, and inside tunnels. Traffic law violations by PM device users (perpetrators) influence the severity of crashes. Meanwhile, factors such as the behavior of perpetrators using other modes of transportation, rear-end collisions, road geometry, and weather conditions affect the severity of crashes where PM device users are the victims. CONCLUSIONS : To reduce the severity of traffic crashes involving PM devices, it is essential to extend the length of physically separated shared paths for cyclists and pedestrians, actively enforce laws to prevent violations by PM device users, and provide systematic and regular educational programs to ensure safe driving practices among PM device users.

해상풍력발전기 설치선의 동적응답을 분석하기 위하여, 불규칙 파 정보를 고려한 시간영역 기반 비선형동적해석이 필요하다. 고전적인 단자유도 시스템은 가장 기본적으로 동적효과를 계산하는 방법이지만, 실제의 무게 중심 불일치, 비정규적인 파도 하중 그리고 항력의 비선형을 고려하지 못하는 제약조건들을 갖고 있다. 그리하여 불규칙 파를 고려한 다중 자유도 모델이 유사한 문제에 해답을 찾는데 폭넓게 사용되고 있다. 불규칙 시간영역 해석은 정확한 계산 결과를 제공하지만, 수렴 데이터의 수렴도가 민감하여 복잡하다. 이러한 제약점들을 극복하기 위하여 본 논문은 시간영역 해석 결과를 통하여 수정된 동적증폭계수를 개발하였으며, 기존보다 복잡성이 개선되면서 계산 시간을 획기적으로 단축하였다. 다양한 변수를 기준으로 한 시간영역 해석을 통하여 새롭게 개발된 동적증 폭계수는 단자유도 방법보다 더 높은 정도를 갖고 있으며, 예측이 가능하다.

Naval weapons systems of the Republic of Korea are acquired through the Defense Planning Management System. Recently, acquisition of some naval ships have been delayed, and the causes of the delays have been recognized as inappropriate project management at the Execution Phase. However, we argue that the delay problem in naval ships acquisition should be approached, with due regard for the entire Defense Planning Management System. That is, We should try to investigate from Planning Phase to those of Programming, Budgeting and Execution Phases. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the actual cases of the delay in naval acquisition at all phases of the Defense Planning Management System. Based on the investigation, we tried to identify the naval ship Acquisition Delay Factors and find out the Weights of those factors. As the next step, we calculated the Influence Measures on the naval missions, including the Cost of Naval Capability Gap derived from the delays in acquisition of naval ships. As a final step, we calculated the Acquisition Delay Measures based on the interrelationship between the Acquisition Delay Factors and the Influence Measures. Then we evaluated and analyzed what the results stand for. Finally, we made suggestions for future improvement. The improvement suggestions we made for preventing delay in acquisition of naval ships in this study are as follows. First, we need a shift in perception. It is necessary to measure the Acquisition Delay Factors in acquiring naval ships and manage them from the Planning Phase. Second, resolution must be concerted efforts. All relevant agencies, not just a few, should work together to resolve the problems of acquisition delay. Third, analysis must be based on the accumulation of data. This allows the elaborating of naval ship Acquisition Delay Factors and Delay Measures. If this research method is applied to other military weapons systems in the future, we may be able to not just identify the Acquisition Delay Factors in acquisition of other military weapons systems, but also pursue improvement in those cases.

본 논문은 깊이 카메라(Creative Senz3D)를 이용하여 호흡률을 측정하는 것에 대한 정확도와 영향을 미치는 요인들 을 분석하였다. 영향 요인 분석에서는 깊이 카메라가 가지는 깊이 값에 대한 오차와 노이즈 그리고 주위 조도의 영향에 대하여 실험 연구를 진행하였다. 그 결과 깊이 카메라와 측정 대상의 거리가 증가함에 따라 깊이 값의 오차가 증가하였 고 깊이 영상의 오른쪽은 실제 거리보다 깊이 값이 크게 측정되고 왼쪽은 실제 거리보다 깊이 값이 작게 측정되었다. 이에 따라 깊이 값이 영상의 영역에 따라 비대칭성을 가지고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 깊이 카메라와 측정 대상의 각도가 틀어짐에 따라서도 깊이 값의 차의 오차가 증가하였으며 깊이 카메라의 노이즈는 측정 거리가 멀어짐에 따라 점점 증가하였고 노이즈를 측정하는 윈도우의 크기가 증가함에 따라 감소하였다. 주위 조도는 깊이 값에 영향을 주지 않았다. 또한 실제 상황에서 사람을 대상으로 20회 호흡을 하게 하여 깊이 카메라를 이용해 호흡률을 측정하였고 호흡률이 제대로 측정됨을 확인하였다.

본 연구의 목적은 특수고용직의 가족건강성에 영향을 미치는 노동요인을 탐색적 실증연구를 통해 규명하는 것이다. 이러한 연구목적을 달성하기 위해 관련문헌 검토를 통한 개념적 연구를 토대로 특수고용직인 화물자동차운송노동자가 응답한 159부를 대상으로 한 설문조사를 통한 실증연구를 실시하였다. 실증분석한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 가족건강성에 소득적절성과 노동시간은 정(+)의 영향을 그리고 물량확보가능성과 신체부담은 부(-)의 영향을 5% 유의수준에서 미쳤으며 직무부담은 정(+)의 영향을 그리고 작업위험성과 수직적 갈등은 부(-)의 영향을 10% 유의수준에서 영향을 미쳤다. 또한 주관적 인식에서 노동조건이 낮게 나타났고 가족건강성도 높은 편은 아니었다. 이러한 점을 토대로 화물자동차운송노동자를 비롯한 특수고용노동자의 가족건강성을 높이기 위해서 첫째, 소득이 적절히 보장되어야 하며, 이를 위한 제도의 개선 특히 표준운임제도의 실시가 우선되어야 할 것임. 둘째, 신체부담 완화와 적절한 소득보장이 되는 환경을 제공하기 위하여 노동기본권을 보장해야 할 것임. 셋째, 관련사업자들도 노력해야 할 것임을 실무적 시사점으로 제시하였다. 학문적 시사점으로 첫째, 본 연구가 탐색적 성격의 실증연구라는 점에서 노동요인이 가족건강성에 미치는 영향에 관한 이론적 설명이 필요함. 둘째, 본 연구가 최초의 시도라는 점에서 다른 업종의 특수고용직을 대상으로 반복연구 나아가 매개효과와 조절효과(특히 업종)에 대한 연구가 요구됨을 제시하였다. 마지막으로 연구의 한계점과 향후연구의 방향을 제시하였다.

This study aimed to evaluate factors related to the ability of ambulatory patients with cerebral palsy (CP) to walk over vertical and horizontal obstacles. Twenty patients with spastic CP who were able to walk independently for at least 10 m with or without walking devices were recruited for the study. Participants were required to walk over small obstacles (1, 4, and 8 cm in height or width; total of 6 conditions). A 'fail' was recorded when either the lower limbs or the walking device contacted the obstacle. Linear regression analyses were used to determine the effects of age, sex, walking devices, eyeglasses, subtype (hemiplegia or diplegia), ankle foot orthoses, functional level, and score of body mass index on the ability of obstacle crossing. Fifteen participants (75%) failed to adequately clear the foot or walking device over obstacles in at least 1 condition. The chance of failure in crossing vertical obstacle was affected by the use of ankle foot orthoses, eyeglasses, gender, and CP subtype (p<.05). The failure rate crossing horizontal obstacle was affected by CP subtype. These findings suggest that rehabilitation procedures should (1) consider the clinical characteristics of patients in order to prepare them to be more independent while performing daily activities, and (2) incorporate environmental conditions that patients encounter at home and in the community.

Activities of daily living (ADL) and instrumental activities of daily living (I-ADL) are tasks of self-care, functional mobility, functional communication, home management, and community living that enable an individual to achieve personal independence. The purpose of this study were to investigate the effect of factors on ADL in stroke patients and to identify the relationship between the function of upper extremities and ability of ADL. Thirty-one stroke patients participated in this study. The results of this study were as follows: 1) There were significant functional gains between admission and discharge on the MFT score, dexterity, and the motor FIM(p<0.01). 2) There were moderate correlation between MFT score of the non-affected side and motor FIM score at discharge(r=0.499, p<0.01) and high negative correlation between dexterity of non-affected hand and motor FIM score at discharge(r=-0.704, p<0.01). 3) There was a significant difference on motor FIM score among academic background groups (p<0.01). 4) There was no significant difference on motor FIM score among caregiver groups (p<0.01). 5) Four factors were found. one factor comprised dexterity of non-affected hand at admission and discharge and duration of treatment. Two factor comprised MFT of non-affected side at admission and discharge and academic background. Three factor comprised MFT of affected side at admission and discharge and caregiver. Four factor comprised sex and affected side.

This study investigated the hypothesis that purposeful activity is an intrinsic motivator. Affecting exertion during the performance of purposeful and nonpurposeful activity was studied in 30 elementary school students. The subjects acted as their own controls in the performance of other exercise. The three experimental exercises were jumping rope, defined as a nonpurposeful activity, and jumping rope with reinforcement, defined as purposeful activity I, and jumping rope with double reinforcement (food), defined as purposeful activity II. Duration and cessation of exercise were entirely controlled by the subject. The number of jumps were measured immediately after cessation of exercise and duration of exercise in seconds by observer. The results were as follows : 1. There was a significant difference in the required time of performance between purposeful and nonpurposeful jumping (p< .05). 2. There was a significant difference in the number of jumps between nonpurposeful and nonpurposeful jumping after reinforcement. (p< .05). Implications for practice and further research are discussed.

The article aims to identify the main factors affecting customers' decision to use mobile banking service in Vietnam, a case study in Thanh Hoa province. Based on theoretical frameworks of the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT), the study has been conducted with 370 questionnaires to consumers who have not yet used and are currently using mobile banking in Thanh Hoa province. The research results indicates that several factors have been evaluated to be more important than others, of which, the social influence is the strongest, the second is the compatibility and some others factors such as perceived ease of use, perceived trust, etc., all affecting the intention to use mobile banking in Thanh Hoa. Based on these important results, the article propose a number of recommendations: (i) Exploiting the advantages of social influence on the increase of intention to use; (ii) Increasing compatibility and minimizing costs for customers when they use Mobile Banking; (iii) Developing a strategy to increase the users’ perceived ease of using banking services; (iv) Issuing a policy on increasing the security of Mobile Banking system to meet customers’ needs; and (v) Developing an individual customer management system to improve service quality.

The paper aims to investigate empirical causes of poverty of the Khmer ethnic people and suggest policy implication to help the Khmer ethnic people escape poverty in Tra Vinh province and the Mekong Delta. The study has been conducted with direct interviews with 300 Khmer households living in seven districts and cities in Tra Vinh province and with the use of multivariate regression. The research results show that a number of causes that affect poverty of poor households include lack of capital for production, lack of means of production, poor health and lack of labor, large families, lack of job opportunities or unemployment, and lack of willingness to escape poverty and education. Thus, there should be poverty reduction policy for the poor househlods in the coming time. Based on the current situation and regression results, the authors propose a number of recommendations: 1) Focus on preferential loan policies for poor people 2) Provide occupational training programs for improving incomes for the Khmer ethnic households 3) Build up special infrastructure in the Khmer ethnic areas 4) Focus on promoting cultural and belief institutions in areas of the Khmer ethnic people and 5) Improve and build up healthcare clinics services and facilities.

The germline stem cells of the Drosophila ovary continuously produce eggs throughout the life- span. Intricate regulation of stemness and differentiation is critical to this continuous production. The translational regulator Nos is an intrinsic factor that is required for maintenance of stemness in germline stem cells. Nos expression is reduced in differentiating cells at the post-transcriptional level by diverse translational regulators. However, molecular mechanisms underlying Nos repression are not completely understood. Through three distinct protein-protein interaction experiments, we identified specific molecular interactions between translational regulators involved in Nos repression. Our findings suggest a model in which protein complexes assemble on the 3’ untranslated region of Nos mRNA in order to regulate Nos expression at the posttranscriptional level.

The Purpose of this study is to present the evaluation factor derived measures that affect the Energy Conservation Method of the set of Apartment house.

This study aims to analyze the affecting factors-construction of collaborative planning process and effect on Comprehensive Rural Village Development Project. To this end, targeting the 36 districts which were selected for 2004 Comprehensive Rural Village Development Project and completed their 2010 5-year projects, components of collaborative planning process and planning effect will be drawn and the affecting factors-construction of collaborative planning and effect on Comprehensive Rural Village Development Project will be analyzed below. According to the results of this study, the affecting factors of collaborative planning process of Comprehensive Rural Village Development Project on planning effect, The level of effect of individual component on endogenous variable appeared greatest mostly in the upper groups. In terms of the level of individual component effect, social learning process and interaction among participants affected greatest. The process of Comprehensive Rural Village Development Project is evaluated that it reflected collaborative planning theory of Healey enough. Therefore, in the course of Comprehensive Rural Village Development Project progress, collaborative planning model must pass social learning process and interaction among participants which are the most important components out of collaborative planning process as we saw in the upper groups. And in order to maximize the performance and results of Comprehensive Rural Village Development Project, the following sequential affecting factors model as Figure 7 must be suggested as optimal collaborative planning models of Comprehensive Rural Village Development Project. Based on the results of the study, the policy implication was drawn as follows. First, systematic supplementations in the form of a consultative body are required to perform Comprehensive Rural Village Development Project efficiently. Second, network needs to be built among different participants in Comprehensive Rural Village Development Project process. Third, systematic mechanism is required to improve social learning among different participants. Fourth, systematic rearrangement is required to guarantee the residents' realistic participation in the course of Comprehensive Rural Village Development Project process.