In response to the growing demand for high-performance lithium-ion batteries, this study investigates the crucial role of different carbon sources in enhancing the electrochemical performance of lithium iron phosphate ( LiFePO4) cathode materials. Lithium iron phosphate ( LiFePO4) suffers from drawbacks, such as low electronic conductivity and low lithium-ion diffusion coefficient, which hinder its industrial development. Carbon is a common surface coating material for LiFePO4, and the source, coating method, coating amount, and incorporation method of carbon have a significant impact on the performance of LiFePO4 materials. In this work, iron phosphate was used as the iron and phosphorus source, and lithium carbonate was used as the lithium source. Glucose, phenolic resin, ascorbic acid, and starch were employed as carbon sources. Ethanol was utilized as a dispersing agent, and ball milling was employed to obtain the LiFePO4 precursor. Carbon-coated LiFePO4 cathode materials were synthesized using the carbothermal reduction method, and the effects of different carbon sources on the structure and electrochemical performance of LiFePO4 materials were systematically investigated. The results showed that, compared to other carbon sources, LiFePO4 prepared with glucose as the carbon source not only had a higher discharge specific capacity but also better rate cycle performance. Within a voltage range of 2.5–4.2 V, the initial discharge specific capacities at 0.1, 0.5, and 1 C rates were 154.6, 145.6, and 137.6 mAh/g, respectively. After 20 cycles at a 1 C rate, the capacity retention rate was 98.7%, demonstrating excellent electrochemical performance.

This paper presents a case study of developing a blended reading program for Korean EFL middle school students using a process drama methodology to generate intrinsic motivation to read, improve reading comprehension and language fluency, and foster twenty-first-century skills such as creativity, communication, and cooperation. For the development of the reading program, a needs analysis was conducted using student questionnaires and diagnostic tests. From results of the needs analysis, sample lessons were designed based on the process drama methodology following its planning principles and strategies. Based on feedback from teachers and students after piloting the sample lessons, the blended reading program was finalized. The proposed blended reading program is expected to help Korean EFL middle school students build a positive attitude toward reading English books and develop reading comprehension, language fluency, and 21st-century core competencies. It will also encourage English teachers to use innovative teaching methods in English education.

Purpose: This study analyzed domestic studies on blended learning among nursing students to identify research trends and future directions. Methods: This scoping review was conducted following the process suggested by Arksey and O’Malley: 1) identifying the research questions; 2) searching for relevant studies; 3) study selection; 4) charting the data; 5) collating, summarizing, and reporting the results; and 6) optional consultation. Relevant studies were searched using the keywords “blended learning” and “nursing” in the domestic databases RISS, KISS, and DBpia. The selection and exclusion criteria were applied to 203 articles, and 34 were finally selected. Results: The final 34 studies included 30 quantitative and four qualitative studies. Most of the studies were experimental studies. In undergraduate nursing education, blended learning was utilized more in the classroom than in the lab or clinical setting. Furthermore, it was mainly applied by combining online and offline approaches. It improved learning satisfaction, critical thinking, clinical performance, and self-directed learning ability. Conclusion: Research on blended learning in nursing education has increased over time. Blended learning positively affects learning satisfaction and learning ability in nursing students; thus, it is expected that this could be effectively utilized in both the classroom and lab or in clinical teaching for nursing students. Therefore, future studies using various research methods should be expanded, and systematic reviews and meta-analyses are recommended.

This study measured the biochemical properties, antioxidants, free sugars, organic acids, trigonelin, chlorogenic acids, and caffeine content of coffee prepared using different extraction methods by adding dried apple powder to develop high-quality functional drinks. Espresso had the highest soluble solids content and brownness at 9.17±0.88oBrix and 1.85±0.57. Its organic acid content was higher in the sample groups than in the control group, whereas the espresso group was highest in citric acid at 2184.11±0.01 mg/mL, malic acid at 2181.35±0.03 mg/mL, fumal acid at 40.42± 0.01 mg/mL, lactic acid at 32.04±0.02 mg/mL, and formic acid at 49890 mg/mL. Additionally, it had the highest sucrose, glucose, fructose, and sorbitol contents (p<0.05). In the trigonelin content, the sample groups showed a higher content than the control group, with the order being espresso > mokapot > water drip > frenchpress > sippon > hand drip (p<0.05). In the content of chlorogenic acid and caffeine, the sample groups showed higher content than the control group, with the order of espresso > mokapot > water drip > siphon > frenchpress > hand drip (p<0.05). As a result, espresso was found to be suitable for developing coffee drinks in manufactured coffee with different extraction methods.

코로나19는 우리나라 고등교육이 지향하던 미래교육에로의 변화를 앞당겨 경험하게 만들었다. 이론 교 과목 수업은 대부분 온라인으로 운영되었고 실험·실습·실기 교과목은 수강인원을 최소화하여 대면수업을 실시했으며 이론과 실습이 혼재된 교과목 수업은 두 가지 방법을 병행하는 방식으로 진행되었다. 대변혁 의 과정에서 대학교육 정책 수립 및 교육과정 운영자들의 관심이 혼합수업 만족도 제고 방안 모색에 집중 되고 있다. 수도권 S대학에서 교육 정책 및 운영 등 대학교육의 수업 질 관리 차원에서 교육혁신을 주도했던 관련 자들의 포괄적 업무수행이 연구의 기반이 되었다. 코로나19 이후 확대된 대학 자율권을 바탕으로 새로운 정책의 입안과 실행 그리고 평가 과정을 통해서 유의미한 성과가 확인되었고, 그 성과는 통계적으로 검증 되었다. 수도권 S대학에서는 학생 디지털학습역량과 학생-교수 간 상호작용이 수업만족도와 관련이 있다 는 것을 확인한 후 이러한 변수를 통제한 상태에서 수업만족도에 영향을 주는 새로운 변인을 탐색하였다. 본 연구는 수도권 S대학의 각 교과목 유형별로 학생들의 디지털 학습역량과 학생-교수 간 상호작용을 통제한 상황에서 대학의 두 가지 운영방안이 혼합수업 만족도에 영향을 미치는가를 검증하였다. 첫 번째 방안은 각 학생이 수강하지 않는 교과목에 관한 강의동영상을 활용하여 스스로 학습할 수 있도록 하는 것이었고, 두 번째 방안은 기 실시된 대면수업을 정리·요약한 수업요약 동영상을 제작하여 수강생들에게 제공하는 것이었다. 연구결과 이론, 이론+실습, 실험·실습·실기 등 모든 범주의 교과목 유형에서 두 방안 은 수업만족도에 대하여 유의미한 관련성이 있음이 확인되었다. 다만 세 가지 수업형태별 범주에 따라서 새로운 수업 운영방안의 수업만족도에 대한 상대적 중요도가 일치하진 않았다. 고등교육에서 혼합교육 시대의 수업만족도를 제고할 수 있는 또 다른 변인을 찾는 후속 연구가 지속되 어야 한다.

국내산 소재를 이용한 단일 추출물의 안전성 실험 및 화장품 소재로써의 선행 연구는 실시되어 왔지만, 개별 추출하여 식물의 특성을 극대화 및 효과 간섭 가능성에 대한 복합 혼합물에 대한 연구가 미비 한 상황이다. 이에 본 연구는 배초향, 적송, 강황, 생강, 산미나리씨, 불수감에 대한 정유 추출에 따른 GC-MSD, 블렌딩 오일의 세포독성, 항산화, 항염을 확인하여 화장품 소재로서의 가능성을 확인하였다. GC-MSD 향기성분을 분석한 결과 주요 성분으로는 배초향은 Estragole, 적송은 à-Pinene, 강황과 생강은 Zingiberene, 산미나리씨 Anethole, 불수감 D-Limonene이 동정되었다. 세포독성이 확인되지 않은 100 uL/mL의 농도에서 NO 생성 70.62% 억제, DPPH 라디칼 소거능 64.03%, ABTS 라디칼 소거능 89.55% 을 보였다. 이를 통하여 블렌딩 정유는 화장품 및 식품, 의약품 산업 분야에서 항산화 및 항염 효능이 있는 원료로서 유용하게 활용할 수 있는 가능성을 제시하였다.

Purpose: This study examined the effect of the blended learning method during self-practice of transfusion therapy on nursing students’ academic achievement in transfusion therapy, confidence in performing transfusion therapy, self-directed learning ability, and satisfaction with self-practice. Methods: The study design was a non-equivalent control group pretestposttest quasi-experimental design. The participants were 75 nursing students divided into two groups: 38 in the experiment group and 37 in the control group. The blended learning method, combined with face-to-face and online learning, was applied to the experimental group’s self-practice from October 12 to 30, 2020. For the control group’s self-practice, face-to-face learning without online learning was employed. Results: The experimental group showed significantly better academic achievement than the control group. There were no significant differences in confidence in performance, self-directed learning ability, and satisfaction with self-practice between the two groups. Conclusion: This study showed that the blended learning method combined with face-to-face learning and online learning in self-practice significantly affected academic achievement. Further studies are needed to identify effective online learning methods for nursing practice.

PURPOSES : The objective of this study is to evaluate the mechanical properties of ternary blended cement concrete incorporated with pulverized reject ash (PRA) or pulverized fuel ash (PFA) based on a comparison with those of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) concrete. METHODS : To produce the concretes, the level of OPC replacement is set at 60%, which comprises 30%~45% ground granulate blast furnace slag and 15%~25% of fly ash (FA). The FA can be categorized into PFA, 4PRA (fineness 3,930 cm2/g3), and 8PRA (fineness 7,840 cm2/g3). The compressive strength, surface electric resistivity, initial absorption coefficient, and chloride ion penetrability of OPC and the ternary blended cement concrete are measured at predetermined periods after water curing. RESULTS : It is discovered that the mechanical properties of concrete with 8PRA are better than those of OPC concrete. The performance of 4PRA concrete is worse than that of 8PRA concrete, indicating that the fineness of the PRA can affect the mechanical properties of the ternary blended cement concrete. CONCLUSIONS : The use of PRA is feasible for the production of ternary blended cement concrete, provided that the appropriate mix design and grinding technology are used.

In this study, blending oils of diesel oil and butanol were used as fuel oil for diesel engine to measure combustion pressure, fuel consumption, air ratio and exhaust gas emission due to various operating conditions such as engine revolution and torque. Using these data, the results of analyzing the engine performance, combustion characteristics and exhaust emission characteristics such as NOx (nitrogen oxides), CO2 (carbon dioxide), CO (carbon monoxide) and soot were as follows. The fuel conversion efficiency at each load was highest when driven in the engine revolution determined by a fixed pitch propeller law. Except 30% butanol blending oil, fuel conversion efficiency of the other fuel oils increased as the load increased. Compared to diesel oil, using 10% and 20% butanol blending oil as fuel oil was advantageous in terms of thermal efficiency, but it did not have a significant impact on the reduction of exhaust gas emissions. On the other hand, future research is needed on the results of the 20% butanol blending oil showing lower or similar levels of smoke concentration and carbon monoxide emission rate other than those types of diesel oil.

In this study, consumers’ perception and consumption behavior of blended tea were investigated. Also, consumer perception of Siberian chrysanthemum, consumption behavior, and awareness of efficacy were investigated. As a result of the survey, it was confirmed that it was necessary to develop a blended tea with taste and flavor characteristics that consumers prefer, having the capability of relieving stress, and preventing cold or respiratory disease. In addition, the degree of recognition of Siberian chrysanthemum was very low, and the recognition of the efficacy appeared in the order of 'cold relief' and ‘respiratory disease relief’. Factor analysis results, safety attributes, health attributes, product attributes, marketing attributes, and sensory attributes were factorized into five factors, and after analysis, it was concluded that the sensory attributes of taste and aftertaste were considered the most important. Consumers surveyed appeared to consume blended tea for ‘relieving mood or stress relief’, to enjoy the taste, and to prevent cold or respiratory diseases. Siberian chrysanthemum displays efficacy in cold relief and relief of respiratory diseases. Therefore, developing Siberian chrysanthemum as a blended tea could be a practical application that can expand the range of its use, making it more popular and increase its commercial applications.

본 연구는 M여자중학교와 U중학교의 2학년 학생들에게 올바른 일상 언어생활을 위하여 한자학습이 필요하다는 것을 느끼게 해주고, 또, 일상 언어생활의 한자어휘로 두 학교 학생들에게 창의적 사고역량, 지식정보처리역량을 길러주고자 하는데 있다. 연구자는 먼저 신문, 방송, 가요, 교과서에서 한자어휘를 찾아서 직접 읽고 쓰거나 조어기법으로 한자어휘 만드는 것을 통하여 한자학습의 필요성을 느끼게 하였고, 둘째, 일상 언어 생활의 한자어휘를 가지고 새로운 한자어휘들을 만들어내는 브레인스토밍, 임의의 3개의 한자어휘를 활용하여 글쓰기를 하는 강제결합법, 8개의 한자어휘를 활용하여 글쓰기를 하는 연꽃기법, 한글 노래가사를 한자 노래가사로 바꾸는 스캠퍼기법, 한자어휘 끝말잇기를 하는 통제연상법을 통하여 창의적 사고 역량을 길러주고자 하였고, 셋째, 휴대폰 어플 웹툰캐, 워드클라우드, 오토랩, 싱플레이, 플리파클립 을 활용하여 지식정보처리역량을 길러주고자 하였다. 창의적 사고역량 개발 측면에서는 M여자중학교가 다소 유의미한 결과가 있었지만 U중학교는 그렇지 못했다. 그런데 지식정보처리역량 개발 측면에서는 U중학교가 다소 유의미한 결과가 있었지만, M여자중학교는 그렇지 못했다. 또, 수업만족도와 한자학습의 필요성 측면에서는 M여자중학교가 다소 유의미한 결과가 있었지만 U중학교는 그렇지 못했다.