Cardiovascular disease remains a leading global cause of mortality, demanding effective prevention and management. This systematic review explores the impact of lycopene, prevalent in various fruits, on cardiovascular health. Thirteen randomized and controlled trials were analyzed, involving 385 participants with cardiovascular risk factors. Notable findings included significant blood pressure reductions, particularly among hypertensive individuals, and favorable alterations in lipid profiles. Lycopene interventions also demonstrated potential in mitigating oxidative stress and inflammation markers. While these findings show promise, more rigorously designed studies are essential to determine optimal dosages and durations for precise cardiovascular benefits. In conclusion, lycopene shows potential in managing cardiovascular risk factors, and its role in blood pressure regulation, lipid profile improvement, and antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects is encouraging. Nonetheless, further research is warranted to provide definitive guidance on integrating lycopene to enhance cardiovascular health.

This study was designed to evaluate antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic effects of ethanol extracts of Taraxacum mongolicum (T.m.) on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to five groups: normal (NC), STZ-control (DC), and three experimental groups. Diabetes was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats with a single intravenous injection [45 mg/kg body weight (b.w.)] of STZ. An ethanol extract of T.m. was orally given to diabetic rats for 14 days. Three experimental groups were additionally treated with T.m. extract at doses of 1 g/kg b.w./day for T.m.-1, 2 g/kg b.w./day for T.m.-2, and 3 g/kg b.w./day for T.m.-3. Oral administration of T.m.-2 significantly increased their body weights. T.m.-1 and T.m.-2 significantly decreased aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels than DC. T.m.-1 and T.m.-2 group significantly decreased blood glucose levels. Total cholesterol, triglycerides, and free fatty acids were significantly decreased whereas high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was significantly increased in groups treated with T.m. extract than those in the DC group. These results support the fact that administration of T.m. extract can reduce hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia risk in diabetic rats.

The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of environmental temperature and backfat thickness (BT) on the reproductive performance of lactating sows. Sixty crossbred sows were allotted to four groups in a 2×2 factorial arrangement by environmental temperature (high temperature [HT], 27.5±1.76℃; low temperature [LT], 23.3±0.89℃) and BT (<20 mm, average 17.70 mm; ≥20 mm, average 23.20 mm) from July to August 2019. Sows in the HT group experienced a greater change in BT and a lower feed intake. Losses in body weight and BT were lower in sows with <20 mm BT than in those with ≥20 mm BT. Sows with low BT had a lower weaning-to-estrus interval than sows with high BT (5.20, 4.93 d vs. 5.87, 5.60 d, respectively). Piglet survivability was lower in the HT group (90.31%) than in the LT group (94.87%). Piglet weaning weight and average daily weight gain were greater in sows with <20 mm BT (5.75 kg and 201.46 g, respectively) than in those with ≥20 mm BT (5.49 kg and 188.41 g, respectively). Sows in the HT group had higher cortisol concentrations than those in the LT group (post-farrowing: HT 7.86 μg/mL vs. LT 6.04 μg/mL; weanling: HT 5.48 μg/mL vs. LT 4.40 μg/mL). In conclusion, environmental temperature adversely influenced sow performance and cortisol levels. Moreover, sows with low BT had a greater weaning-to-estrus interval when subjected to heat stress.

본 연구의 목적은 내당능장애를 유도한 쥐들을 대상으로 다른 운동 강도의 지구성 및 저항 성 운동을 중재하여 당뇨관련 혈액인자들에 미치는 영향을 비교 분석하는데 있다. 37주령 C57BL/6 쥐 54마리를 (1) 일반식이대조군(CO, n=9), (2) 내당능장애군(IGT, n=9), (3) 내당능장애 + VO2max 50% 지구성운동군(IGT50A, n=9), (4) 내당능장애 + VO2max 75% 지구성운동군(IGT75A, n=9), (5) 내당능 장애 + 1RM의 50% 저항성운동군(IGT50R, n=9), 그리고 (6) 내당능장애 + 1RM의 75% 저항성운동군(IGT75R, n=9)으로 분류하였다. 지구성 운동 프로그램은 동물 실험용 트레드밀을 사용하여 주5일, 1일 40분씩 8주간 트레드밀운동을 실시하였다. 저항성 운동은 주5일 8주간 사다리 저항 운동을 반복사이 2분간의 휴식을 주어 총 8번의 Climbing을 실시하였다. 운동 프로그램 후 인슐린은 통계적으로 모든 그룹간의 차이가 없었다. 공복 혈당은 대조군보다 IGT 유도군들에서 통계적으로 유의하게 높게 나타났으며, 운동군들간의 차이는 없었으나 IGT군이 IGT75R군에 비해 유의하게 높은 수치를 보였다. HOMA-IR은 대조군과 IGT군에서만 유의한 차이를 보였다. 당화혈색소 검사에서는 IGT군이 다른 모든 집단들에 비해 높은 수치를 보였으며, IGT75A군과 IGT50R군에서 유의한 차이를 보였다. 총 콜레스 테롤은 대조군이 내당능장애 유도군들과 비교하여 유의하게 낮은 수치를 보여주었다. 반면 중성지방은 그룹간의 차이가 없었다. HDL-C는 지구성 운동군들이 대조군과 IGT군에 비해 유의하게 높은 수치를 보였으나 저항성 운동군들과의 차이는 없었다. LDL-C는 대조군이 IGT군과 운동군들에 비해 유의하게 낮은 수치를 보였으며, IGT75A군은 IGT군과 IGT50R군에 비해 낮은 수치를 보였다. 결론적으로 75%의 저항성 운동은 혈당에 보다 긍정적인 영향을 주었으며, 75%의 지구성 운동은 당화혈색소와 LDL-C 의 감소에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 지구성 운동은 저항성 운동에 비해 HDL-C 의 증가에 보다 효과적임을 보여주었다.

본 연구는 비만여대생을 대상으로 섭식제한(DG), 유산소운동(EG), 섭식제한과 유산소운동 (DEG) 그룹으로 나누어 체중, 비만의 개선, 혈중지질성분 및 대사성위험요인에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 실험은 8주간 주 5회 실시하였으며, DG는 1일 에너지 섭취열량을 300㎉를 제한하였고, EG는 런닝 머신을 이용하여 300㎉를 소비시켰으며, DEG는 각각 150㎉를 제한과 소비시켰다. 결과, 신체조성의 경우 DG에서는 체중(p<.011), BMI(p<.008)가 감소하였고, EG와 DEG에서는 체중(p<.044, p<.017), 체지방량(p<.047, p<.018), BMI(p<.03, p<.008), 체지방률(p<.036, p<.015), WHR(p<.049, p<.027)이 유의하게 감소하였다. 혈중지질성분은 DG에서 HDL-C(p<.028), EG에서 TG(p<.038), DEG에서는 TC(p<.014), LDL-C(p<.007)에서 유의하게 감소하였다. 대사성위험요인은 DG에서 HOMA-IR (p<.035), leptin(p<.007), EG에서 FBG(p<.043), leptin(p<.003), DEG에서 FBG(p<.014), insulin (p<.005), HOMA-IR(p<.005), leptin(p<.016), resistin(p<.040)에서 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 따라서 본 연구의 결과로부터 비만여대생들이 섭식제한, 유산소운동의 단독처치보다 섭식제한과 유산소운동을 병행 하는 것이 신체조성, 혈중지질성분, 대사성위험요인의 개선에 가장 효과가 있을 것으로 판단된다.

이유자돈 시기에 자돈의 성장성적을 개선하기 위하여 자돈의 사료섭취량을 극대화하는 것은 중요 하다. 본 연구는 사료섭취량을 증대시키기 위한 방법으로써의 향미제의 사용이 이유자돈의 성장성적 및 혈액성상에 미치는 영향을 규명하기 위해 수행되었다. 평균 체중 6.43±0.955kg의 3원 교잡종 ([Yorkshire×Landrace])×Duroc) 160두를 공시하였으며, 4처리 5반복 펜당 8마리씩 성별과 체중에 따 라 난괴법으로 배치하였다. 처리구는 1)향미제를 첨가하지 않은 처리구, 2)밀크-바닐라향 0.3%를 첨가 한 사료 3)버터향 0.3%를 첨가한 사료 4)어분향 0.3%를 첨가한 사료이다. 실험결과 성장성적, 혈액성 상 및 설사지수에서 처리구간 유의적인 차이를 발견하지 못하였다. 따라서 향미제의 종류에 상관없이 향미제를 0.3% 첨가한 사료는 그렇지 않은 사료에 비해 이유자돈의 성장성적이나 혈액성상에 있어서 아무런 긍정적인 영향을 끼치지 않을 것으로 판단된다.

본 연구는 농후사료의 급여수준을 달리하여 제주산마 에게 급여하는 경우에 체중 변화, 장내 미생물 조성 및 혈액성상의 변화에 미치는 효과를 구명하기 위하여 수행 되었다. 공시축으로 24-36개월의 제주산마(제주마×더러브 렛) 14두를 공시하였으며, 농후사료의 급여수준을 체중의 1.5%(5두), 2%(4두)와 2.5%(5두)로 급여하여 봄과 겨울 증 체율 및 혈액 특성과 생리적 변화를 조사하였다. 봄에 총 증체량은 1.5%, 2%, 2.5% 급여한 처리구에서 12.6kg, 21.5kg, 29.0kg, 겨울에 총 증체량은 21.6kg, 28.0kg, 42.6kg을 나타냈고, 일당 증체량은 봄에는 0.23kg, 0.39kg, 0.54kg, 겨울에는 0.40kg, 0.52kg, 0.79kg을 나타내어 체중의 2.5%를 섭취한 구에서 높은 경향을 나타내었다. 내독 소는 농후사료 과다 섭취에 의해 그람음성균의 세포벽에 서 방출되는 물질로 봄에 시행한 시험에서 3주차 때 농 후사료를 체중의 2%와 2.5%를 급여한 처리구에서 유의 적으로 낮은 결과를 나타내었으나(p<0.05) 이후에는 점차 모든 처리구에서 수치가 비슷해져 적응하는 경향을 보여 모든 처리구가 농후사료 급여에 적응하는 경향을 보였다. 봄에 실시한 실험에서 8주차에 분 pH는 농후사료를 체 중의 1.5%, 2%, 2.5% 급여한 처리구에서 각각 6.2, 5.8, 5.7로 나타나 농후사료를 체중의 2%와 2.5%를 급여한 처 리구에서 유의적으로 낮은 결과를 나타내었다(p<0.05). 직장온도는 겨울에 실시한 실험에서 8주차에 농후사료를 1.5%, 2%, 2.5%. 급여구에서 각각 37.8℃, 37.9℃, 38.4℃ 를 나타내어 농후사료 2.5% 급여구에서 직장온도가 유의 적으로 높은 수치를 나타내었다(p<0.05). 분내 미생물에 서는 셀룰로오스와 탄수화물(구조 탄수화물) 분해에 관여 하는 미생물로 알려진 Fibrobacter가 체중의 1.5% 급여했 을 경우 총 미생물군에서 2.49%를 차지하였고, 2%와 2.5% 급여구에서는 각각 1.42%와 1.09%를 차지하여 농후 사료 급여량이 증가할수록 유의적으로 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 결론적으로 농후사료 2.5%의 급여가 비육마 사육 방법으로 활용할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

본 연구는 이유 후 돈군이동지연이 자돈의 성장, 혈액성상에 미치는 영향을 규명하기 위해 수행되었다. 평균 체중 6.77 ± 1.395kg의 3원 교잡종([Yorkshire × Landrace]) × Duroc) 180두를 공시하였으며, 3처리 6반복 펜 당 10마리씩 성별과 체중에 따라 난괴법으로 배치하였다. 처리구는 1) D0: 이유 직후 분만사에서 자돈사로 이동한 처리구, 2) D3: 이유 후 분만사에서 3일 대기한 후 자돈사로 이동한 처리구 3) D5: 이유 후 분만사에서 5일 대기한 후 자돈사로 이동한 처리구이다. 실험결과 성장성적과 설사지수에서 처리구간 유의적인 차이를 발견하지 못하였다. 혈액성상에서는 이유 직전의 BUN (blood urea nitrogen) 수치가 분만틀에서 대기하는 기간이 늘어남에 따라 감소하였으며, 이유 후 cortisol 농도에서는 대기하는 기간이 늘어남에 따라 증가하였다. 하지만 면역성상에서는 IgG와 IgA 모두 다 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다. 따라서 이유직후에 돈군이동(D0)을 하는 것이 분만틀에서 대기 하는 것보다 자돈의 체내 질소의 이용률이나 이유 후의 동물들의 복지 측면에서 농가에게 더 효율적인 사양시스템인 것으로 사료된다.

Although the majority of surviving pigs cloned by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) appear to be physiologically normal, there is a general lack of detailed hemato-physiologic studies for the period of early adulthood to substantiate this claim. In the present study, we investigated variation in blood chemistry and endocrinological parameters between mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from cloned and normal age-matched female and male miniature pigs. Cloned females and males showed normal ranges for complete blood count assessments. Biochemical assessments showed that γ-GGT, ALT and cholesterol levels of male and female clones were significantly (P<0.05 or P<0.01, respectively) higher than that of age-matched control miniature pigs. Variations in insulin and IGF-1 were higher in female clones than in male clones and controls. Thus, although female and male cloned miniature pigs may be physiologically similar to normal animals, or at least within normal ranges, a greater degree of physiological and endocrinological variation was found in cloned pigs. The above variation must be taken into account before considering cloned female or male miniature pigs for various biomedical applications.

This study was conducted to examine the correlation among meals variety, obesity index, blood pressure, and lipid profiles of Korean adults. A total of 308 adults(men 124, women 184) measured the anthropometric characteristics, blood pressure, dietary intake using 24-hour recall method, and serum lipid profile. The average ages of the study subjects were 50.9 yrs in men and 51.4 yrs in women. The average height, weight and BMI were 166.3 cm, 68.4 kg, 24.7 kg/cm2 in men and 154.3 cm, 59.8 kg, 25.0 kg/cm2 in women, respectively. The numbers of food items in meal of men and women were 14.1, 15.9 for breakfast, 15.7, 15.9 for lunch, 14.7, 14.1 for dinner, respectively. The numbers of dish items in meal of men and women were 4.0, 4.3 for breakfast, 4.3, 4.3 for lunch, 4.2, 3.9 for dinner, respectively. The average blood pressure, total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and atherogenic index were 126.6/76.0 mmHg, 181.0 mg/dL, 157.7 mg/dL, 40.9 mg/dL, 108.6 mg/dL, 3.5 in men and 123.2/73.6 mmHg, 185.0 mg/dL, 137.3 mg/dL, 44.8 mg/dL, 112.7 mg/dL, 3.2 in women, respectively. The total cholesterol was negatively correlated to the number of food item for lunch(p〈0.05). Therefore, more systematic studies to investigate the meal variety roles of blood lipids in meals of adults were required.

We conducted two experiments to evaluate effects of feeding various types of red ginseng marc and Houttuynia cordata (H.cordata) on blood profiles of poultry in a completely randomized design. In experiment 1 (28 d), a total of 240 broilers (Arbor acres) were used. Four dietary treatments (15 broilers per pen with four replicate pens per treatment) were included: (1) control, (2) 2% red ginseng marc, (3) 1% fermented red ginseng marc with red koji, and (4) 2% liquid red ginseng. There were no significant differences in HDL and LDL-cholestrol among treatments (P > 0.05), but total cholesterol and triglyceride decreased in diets supplemented with red ginseng marc and 1% fermented red ginseng marc with red koji compared to that in the control treatment (P < 0.05). In experiment 2 (38 d), a total of 240 Pekin ducks were randomly divided into 4 groups by dietary treatments (control, 1% fermented H. cordata powder with red koji, 1% fermented H. cordata pelleted with red koji, and 1% fermented H. cordata coated with red koji) with 4 replicates of 15 ducks in each group. Total cholesterol and VLDL-cholesterol were not affected by diet with various types of H. cordata. However, increase in HDL-cholesterol and decrease in LDL and VLDL-cholesterol were greater in treatments with different types of H. cordata than in the control treatments (P < 0.05). In conclusion, using various types of red ginseng marc and H. cordata in poultry diets was effective for increasing HDL-cholesterol and decreasing total, LDL, and VLDL-cholestrol or triglyceride.

The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of dietary cultured wild ginseng root (CWGR) supplementation on goat milk composition and ginsenoside profiles. Sixteen Saanen dairy goats were allocated to two balanced groups based on lactation period, body weight (38.6 ± 3.2 kg), and dairy milk yield (2.85 ± 1.2 kg), and were kept in separate pens. Goats were fed a total mixed ration (TMR) feed (2.3 kg/d, dry matter basis) and 1.5 g of CWGR powder was supplemented in the experimental diet. The total feeding period was 3 weeks, and milk and blood samples were collected on the last three days of the experimental period. There was no effect of CWGR on daily milk yield and milk composition (fat, protein, lactose, and solid-not-fat). However, the CWGR-treatment group had significantly higher plasma IgG and protein contents than the control group (P < 0.05). Significant amounts of ginsenosides were observed in the milk of the CWGR-treatment group, whereas ginsenosides were not detected in the milk of the control group. In conclusion, dietary CWGR was a useful regimen to produce functional goat milk enriched in ginsenosides.

We investigated the effects of Acorus gramineus water extract on the blood lipid levels in high fat diet-fed obese male mice. We divided thirty-five C57BL/6 mice into 5 groups: normal group, control group, and groups treated with Acorus gramineus water extract at concentrations of 20, 100, and 500 ㎎/㎏. We inoculated Acorus gramineus water extract per orally once a day for 6 weeks respectively. The results revealed that Acorus gramineus water extracts had positive effects on the total cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels.

Onion (Allium cepa L.) is one of the richest sources of flavonoids in human diet. Onion peel contains over 20times more quercetin than onion flesh. In this study, we studied the effects of onion peel water extract (OPE) on the bloodlipid profiles in mice. The onion peel extracts was extracted with hot water. The experimental groups were divided with 3groups (n=6) of ICR male mice: normal diet+distilled water (NC), high-fat diet+distilled water (HF), high-fatdiet+onion peel water extract 20㎎/㎏ (OPE-20). The oral administration was conducted daily. The experimental periodwas 7 weeks. Onion peel water extract showed higher concentration of polyphenol gallic acid and anti-oxidant trolox equiv-alent than the ethanol extract. The body weight gain and food efficiency ratio was significantly lower in the OPE-20 group ascompared with HF group (p<0.05). The epididymal fat and retroperitoneal fat showed significantly lower weights and sizesin the OPE-20 group as compared with HF group (p<0.05). The serum levels of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and trig-lyceride were significantly lower in the OPE-20 group as compared with HF group (p<0.05). The OPE-20 group showedhigher HDL cholesterol concentration than HF group (p<0.05). Atherogenic index was ignificantly lower in as comparedwith HF group (p<0.05). The serum levels of glucose, GOT and GPT were significantly lower in the OPE-20 group as com-pared with HF group (p<0.05). In these results, we suggests that onion peel water extracts supplementation can reduces theserum lipid components and improves the lipid metabolism in hyperlipidemic mice induced with a high-fat diet.

우장지버섯 균사체 배양액으로 발효시킨 초산발효액 (AJA: pH 3.2, acidity 2.0, brix degree 3.2)이 streptozotocin으로 유발한 당뇨쥐의 혈당과 혈청지질에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 실험용 식이는 AIN-76 diet를 기본으로 하여 조제하였으며 실험동물은 5주령의 평균체중이 인 Sprague-Dawly계 흰쥐를 사용하여 정상대조군(NC), 당뇨 대조군(DM), 당뇨유발 후 체중 100 g당 AJA 1/2 희