이 논문은 커트 엘링의 스캣에서 사용하는 변칙리듬에 대해 연구하였다. 연구 목적은 난이도가 높은 리듬의 스캣을 연주하고자 하는 보컬이나 편곡자, 프로듀서에게 변칙리듬을 사용하여 일반 적이고 평범한 리듬에서 벗어나 독창적인 리듬을 적용할 수 있도록 하는 것이었다. 연구 방법은 변칙리듬을 활용하여 스캣을 가창하는 상징적 뮤지션인 커트 엘링의 앨범 『Super Blue』를 선정 하였으며 스캣 리듬을 그루핑 구조의 관점으로 분석하여 제시하였다. 연구 결과 16분음표로 이루 어진 트리플렛 리듬은 3개의 음표 중 가운데를 제외시키고 첫 번째 음과 세 번째 음의 간격을 조절 하여 그루브를 표현하는 방법을 사용하였다. 엘링의 변칙리듬이 만들어지는 방법에 중요한 공통 점은 4분의 4박자에서 4분음표와 8분음표가 융합된 한박 반 길이의 그루핑 구조 패턴을 주로 사용 한다는 것이며, 이 한박 반 길이에서 각 곡에 맞는 다른 리듬의 구조를 표현하여 변칙리듬을 완성 하고 있다는 결과를 도출하였다.

음악사회학자 아도르노는 거슈윈이 경음악 창작에서 재능 있는 개조자 에 불과하다고 생각하지만, 거슈윈이 창작한 '랩소디 인 블루'는 재즈 심 포니 스타일을 개척하여 민족 음악과 미국 정신의 상징이 되었다. 이 연 구는 랩소디가 어떻게 한 국가의 시대정신의 상징이 될 수 있는지를 분 석하는 것을 목적으로 하며, 역사 분석법과 곡식 분석법을 결합하여 발 견한 바는 첫째, 랩소디의 창작은 미국 민족 음악의 탄생을 상징하며, 완 전히 새로운 음악 스타일은 혁신적이고 자유로운 미국의 이미지를 보여 준다. 둘째, 뛰어난 음악 융합 능력으로 미국 사회의 다양한 집단의 환영 을 받았으며, 래그타임, 블루스 등의 음악의 특징을 과도하게 변경하지 않고 자신의 작품에 융합함으로써 클래식 음악 애호가와 팝 음악 애호가 사이의 고정관념을 깨뜨리고 사회의 다양한 인종의 사람들이 음악에서 소속감을 찾을 수 있게 했다. 종합하면, 거슈윈의 작품은 당시 미국 음악 의 민족 대용광로의 현황을 진실하게 반영하고 다민족적이며, 다원화되 고 혁신적인 미국 정신을 드러내어 지금까지도 공감을 불러일으킬 수 있 는 시대정신의 상징이 되었다.

목적 : 치과에서 광중합기 사용 시 착색 안경렌즈가 청색광으로부터 눈을 보호하기 위해 사용하는 큐링실드를 대용할 수 있는지를 알아보고자 하였다. 방법 : 광중합기 부착형인 큐링실드와 염료의 색과 착색 시간을 달리한 착색 렌즈들의 광투과율을 측정하였다. 결과 : 큐링실드의 청색광과 가시광선 투과율이 각각 0.63%와 48.88%로 나타났다, 60분과 90분 동안 착색한 오렌지색 착색 렌즈의 청색광 투과율은 각각 0.82%와 0.59%, 가시광선 투과율은 48.14%와 47.50%로 큐링실드와 비슷하게 나타났다. 90분 동안 착색된 노란색 착색 렌즈의 청색광 투과율은 12.43%, 가시광선 투과율은 56.94% 이었다. 60분 이상 착색된 갈색과 회색 착색 렌즈의 청색광 투과율은 2.00% 미만이었고 가시광선 투과율은 25.00% 미만이었다. 결론 : 오렌지색 착색 렌즈는 청색광 차단효과가 우수하고 큐링실드와 비슷한 밝기를 확보할 수 있어서 큐링실 드를 대체할 수 있으리라 본다. 노란색 착색 렌즈는 착색 시간을 90분보다 더 길게 한 추가연구가 필요해 보인다. 갈색과 회색 착색 렌즈에서 큐링실드와 유사한 청색광차단 효과를 얻으려면 밝기가 어두워지는 문제를 고려해야 할 것으로 보인다.

This study proposes the use of a cobalt-based Prussian blue analogue (Co-PBA; potassium cobalt hexacyanoferrate), as an adsorbent for the cost-effective recovery of aqueous ammonium ions. The characterization of Co-PBA involved various techniques, including Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, nitrogen adsorption-desorption analysis, and zeta potential. The prepared Co-PBA reached an adsorption equilibrium for ammonium ions within approximately 480 min, which involved both surface adsorption and subsequent diffusion into the interior. The isotherm experiment revealed a maximum adsorption capacity of 37.29 mg/g, with the Langmuir model indicating a predominance of chemical monolayer adsorption. Furthermore, the material consistently demonstrated adsorption efficiency across a range of pH conditions. Notably, adsorption was observed even when competing cations were present. Co-PBA emerges as a readily synthesized adsorbent, underscoring its efficacy in ammonium removal and selectivity toward ammonium.

This study was aimed at examining the characteristics of women’s blue denim on the basis of design elements to provide fundamental data for fashion majors and fashion designers. Seven design elements were selected from previous studies to compare them with the following characteristics of blue denim: color (washing, dyeing), ornamentation (trimming, detailing, painting, and printing), and form modification, tearing, and ripping). Data from 1,520 photographs of the 2019 S/S to the 2023–24 F/W collections were collected through overlapping checks. The data were then subjected to frequency analysis using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (version 26). The results are as follows: The most frequent design method used in producing the denim items in our sample was washing, followed by modification, tearing, and ripping and detailing. The greatest change in denim design occurred in 2023, and more design element changes were observed in the F/W season than in the S/S season. Washing was used four times or more frequently than dyeing, while detailing was employed approximately 2 times more often than trimming. With respect to form, the most common approach was modification, followed by tearing and ripping.

Abstract Purpose : This study investigated the impact of knowledge and awareness of perception of harmful rays on the use of blue light blocking lenses among university students majoring in optometry. Methods : This study targeted 65 optometry students who responded to an online survey from September 2023 to October 2023. The survey used a survey tool with a total of 15 questions, including knowledge and awareness of perception of harmful rays and demands for guidelines. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 19.0. Results : The overall knowledge score about UV rays and blue light was 14.00±3.10 for optometry students and 12.30±3.50 for general university students, showing that the optometry students had higher knowledge (p<0.001). In the case of use of UV-blocking lenses, 70.8% of optometry students were found to be using them, which was higher than 51.5% of general university students. The use of glasses to block blue light was found to be 41.5% of optometry students and 36.9% of general university students. The correlation between perception of the importance of blocking harmful rays and the need for guidelines for the correct selection of blue light blocking lenses was r=0.528 (p<0.001). Conclusion : Optometry students' knowledge and perception of harmful rays were found to be higher than those of general university students, and it appears to have an impact on the use of harmful ray-blocking lenses. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen education and establish guidelines for the correct selection of harmful ray blocking lenses.

본 연구에서는 중공사형 이산화탄소 분리막 모듈을 사용하여 수소개질기 배가스로부터 이산화탄소 포집을 목적 으로 한 분리막 공정 최적화 연구를 진행하였다. 랩스케일의 소형 분리막 모듈을 사용하여 혼합기체를 대상으로 이산화탄소 순도 90% 및 회수율 90%을 달성하는 2단 공정 조건을 도출하였다. 막 면적이 정해진 모듈의 분리막 공정에서는 스테이지-컷, 주입부 및 투과부 압력에 따라서 포집 순도 및 회수율이 모두 다르게 나타나기 때문에 운전 조건에 대한 최적화가 필수적이 다. 본 연구에서는 다양한 운전 조건에서 1단 분리막에서 보이는 공정 포집 효율의 한계를 확인하고, 높은 순도와 회수율을 동시에 달성하기 위한 2단 회수 공정을 최적화하였다.

The nuclear fuel that melted during the Fukushima nuclear accident in 2011 is still being cooled by water. In this process, contaminated water containing radioactive substances such as cesium and strontium is generated. The total amount of radioactive pollutants released by the natural environment due to the nuclear accident in Fukushima in 2011 is estimated to be 900 PBq, of which 10 to 37 PBq for cesium. Radioactive cesium (137Cs) is a potassium analog that exists in the water in the form of cations with similar daytime behavior and a small hydration radius and is recognized as a radioactive nuclide that has the greatest impact on the environment due to its long half-life (about 30 years), high solubility and diffusion coefficient, and gamma-ray emission. In this study, alginate beads were designed using Prussian blue, known as a material that selectively adsorbs cesium for removal and detection of cesium. To confirm the adsorption performance of the produced Prussian blue, immersion experiments were conducted using Cs standard solution, and MCNP simulations were performed by modeling 1L reservoir to conduct experiments using radioactive Cs in the future. An adsorption experiment was conducted with water containing standard cesium solution using alginate beads impregnated with Prussian blue. The adsorption experiment tested how much cesium of the same concentration was adsorbed over time. As a result, it was found that Prussian blue beads removed about 80% of cesium within 10-15 minutes. In addition, MCNP simulation was performed using a 1 L reservoir and a 3inch NaI detector to optimize the amount of Prussian blue. The results of comparing the efficiency according to the Prussian volume was shown. It showed that our designed system holds great promise for the cleanup and detection of radioactive cesium contaminated seawater around nuclear plants and/or after nuclear accidents. Thus, this work is expected to provide insights into the fundamental MCNP simulation based optimization of Prussian blue for cesium removal and this work based MCNP simulation will pave the way for various practical applications.

After the Fukushima accident in 2011, relevant concerns regarding the contamination of the natural environment rose abruptly. For example, water contaminated by radionuclides such as Cs and Sr may directly flow into the ocean and threaten the marine ecosystem. In this respect, costeffective and efficient decontamination techniques need to be developed and verified to remediate the contaminated water. Prussian blue (PB) is known as a representative material that can adsorb Cs by ion-trapping and is widely used for medical purposes. However, there is a limitation that PB itself is non-separable and highly mobile in aqueous system, so it needs a fixture, such as bentonite, to be collected after the adsorption. Furthermore, while the performance of PB toward Cs is relatively well known, its behavior toward Sr has rarely been reported. The object of this study is to investigate the sorption characteristics of Cs and Sr onto PB-functionalized bentonite at various conditions. The adsorbent employed in the present work was prepared by mixing bentonite, FeCl3, and K4[Fe(CN)6] at room temperature for 24 hours in the aqueous solution. The concentrations of FeCl3 and K4[Fe(CN)6] were set to a range of 5-200 % compared to the cation exchange capacity of bentonite. After that, the PB-functionalized bentonite was sieved with a mesh size of 63 μm and then reacted with the Cs and Sr solution at various liquid-to-solid (L/S) ratios of 2-10 g/L for up to 500 minutes. Moreover, synthetic seawater containing additional Cs and Sr was reacted with PBfunctionalized bentonite to characterize the ion selectivity of PB. After the completion of the adsorption experiment, a part of the adsorbent was separated and desorption of Cs and Sr with 2 M of nitric acid was performed. For the quantification of aqueous Cs and Sr concentrations, ICP-MS was employed after the filtration with a pore size of 0.45 μm. The result obtained in this study revealed a high sorption affinity of Cs and Sr onto PBfunctionalized bentonite. The analysis results also presented that the sorption reactions of Cs and Sr reached their steady state within 10 minutes of reaction time. Furthermore, the ion selectivity toward Cs and Sr was verified through sorption test with synthetic seawater. According to the high sorption affinity and selectivity, the PB-functionalized bentonite synthesized through this study is expected to be widely used for remediating the Cs- and Sr-contaminated groundwater and seawater, particularly in nuclear waste-relevant industries.

목적 : 천연 항균, 항산화 물질인 망고스틴의 크산톤 화합물로 코팅된 콘택트렌즈를 제조하여 안과적 질환 예 방을 위한 기능성 콘택트렌즈의 물리·화학적 특성을 연구하였다. 방법 : 콘택트렌즈를 제조하여 IPN기술을 통해 감마망고스틴을 코팅하였다. 제조된 렌즈를 ISO와 식약처기준 을 참고하여 광투과율, 함수율, 산소투과율(Dk/t), 항균, 항산화성 실험을 진행하였다. 결과 : 감마망고스틴 코팅 콘택트렌즈의 가시광선투과율은 93%이다. 자외선은 70% 이상 청광은 30% 이상 차 단한다. 항균 실험에서는 감마망고스틴 코팅 콘택트렌즈의 항균성이 일반렌즈에 비해 5배 이상 효과 있고, 항산화 는 시험별 17.49, 28.46, 36.99%의 항산화율을 보였다. 결론 : 감마망고스틴으로 코팅된 콘택트렌즈는 UV와 청광의 차단율이 일반렌즈에 비해 매우 뛰어나다. 또한, 일반렌즈에 없는 항균, 항산화 활성을 보여 안과적 질환을 예방할 수 있을 것으로 보인다.

Currently, yellow phosphor of Y3Al5O12:Ce3+ (YAG:Ce) fluorescent material is applied to a 450~480nm blue LED light source to implement a white LED device and it has a simple structure, can obtain sufficient luminance, and is economical. However, in this method, in terms of spectrum analysis, it is difficult to mass-produce white LEDs having the same color coordinates due to color separation cause by the wide wavelength gap between blue and yellow band. There is a disadvantage that it is difficult to control optical properties such as color stability and color rendering. In addition, this method does not emit purple light in the range of 380 to 420nm, so it is white without purple color that can not implement the spectrum of the entire visible light spectrum as like sunlight. Because of this, it is difficult to implement a color rendering index(CRI) of 90 or higher, and natural light characteristics such as sunlight can not be expected. For this, need for a method of implementing sunlight with one LED by using a method of combining phosphors with one light source, rather than a method of combining red, blue, and yellow LEDs. Using this method, the characteristics of an artificial sunlight LED device with a spectrum similar to that of sunlight were demonstrated by implementing LED devices of various color temperatures with high color rendering by injecting phosphors into a 405nm deep blue LED light source. In order to find the spectrum closest to sunlight, different combinations of phosphors were repeatedly fabricated and tested. In addition, reliability and mass productivity were verified through temperature and humidity tests and ink penetration tests.

In this study, waste corrugated paper was used as carbon precursor with KOH-NaOH mixture (mole ratio was 51:49 and the melting point is 170 °C) as activator to prepare porous carbon at different reaction temperature and different mass ratio of KOH-NaOH mixture/waste corrugate paper fiber. The micro-morphology, pore structure information and composition of porous carbon were analyzed, and the formation mechanism of pores was investigated. The effect of activator amount and pyrolysis temperature on the morphology and structure of porous carbon were studied. The adsorption capacity of porous carbon was evaluated with the methylene blue as model pollutant. The effect of adsorbent amount, adsorption time and temperature on the adsorption performance of the porous carbon were analyzed. The maximum specific surface area is 1493.30 m2 ·g−1 and the maximum adsorption capacity of methylene blue is 518 mg·g−1. This study provides a new idea for efficient conversion and utilization of waste paper.

목적: 대학생을 대상으로 자외선을 포함한 청색광과 같은 유해광선에 대한 지식과 인식도를 알아보고자 하였다. 방법 : 2023년 4월부터 5월까지 온라인 설문 조사에 응답한 충남지역 대학생 103명을 대상으로 하였다. 설문 은 대상자의 일반적 특성에 관한 문항, 자외선과 청색광 차단렌즈의 착용실태에 대한 문항, 자외선과 청색광에 대 한 지식도 및 인식도 문항, 그리고 차단렌즈 선택을 위한 가이드라인의 요구도 문항으로 구성된 총 15문항의 설문 도구를 사용하였다. 통계분석은 SPSS 18.0을 사용하였다. 결과 : 자외선 차단을 위해 안경이나 콘택트렌즈를 착용하는 비율은 56.3%로 나타났으나 청색광 차단 안경이 나 콘택트렌즈를 사용하는 경우는 35.9%로 상대적으로 낮은 비율로 나타났다. 자외선과 청색광의 유해성에 관한 지식도는 각각 2.58±0.91, 2.44±0.98로 조사되었으며, 자외선과 청색광으로부터 눈 보호가 중요하다고 생각하 는 항목의 평균 점수는 각각 3.49±0.61, 3.35±0.68점으로 조사되어 자외선과 청색광 차단의 중요성에 대한 인 식도는 높은 것으로 나타났다. 결론 : 대학생들의 자외선과 청색광에 대한 지식도와 인식도는 높은 수준이었으나 청색광 차단렌즈에 올바른 선택법에 대한 지식은 낮은 수준을 나타냈다. 이에 청색광 차단렌즈의 올바른 선택을 위한 교육 강화와 가이드라 인의 구축이 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

The rapid synthesis techniques and interesting multidisciplinary applications make carbon nanodots (CNDs) stand out from semiconductor quantum dots. Moreover, CNDs derived from green precursors have gained more importance beyond chemically derived CNDs due to sustainable synthesis opportunities. However, the presence of molecular impurities or intermediates or fluorophores was neglected during the entire process. Herein, we illustrate the sustainable synthesis of CNDs from Hemigraphis alternata plant leaves with extended carbonization procedure (3 and 9 min) along with simultaneous ethylene glycol and diethyl ether solvent treatment method for the successful removal of interfering fluorophores. To unravel the distinction between purified CNDs (P-CNDs) and organic fluorescent carbon nanostructures (org-FCNs), we carried out photophysical, structural, and morphological studies. A quantum yield (QY) of 69 and 42% was observed for crude org-FCNs, and crude P-CNDs; however after purification, QY of 1% and absence of one component from the fluorescent decays curve suggest the removal of fluorophores. Further, HR-TEM and DLS studies showed the quasi-spherical amorphous particles having < 10 nm particle size for P-CNDs. Besides, in vitro biocompatibility investigation and cellular uptake assay (1–100 μg/mL) against the MDA-MB 468 cell lines proves the ≥ 95% cell viability and good internalization for both org-FCNs and P-CNDs. Hence, our study shows the presence of fluorophore impurities in plant-derived CNDs, the removal and resemblance in biocompatibility properties. Hence, this information can be considered during the synthesis and isolation of CNDs. Simple and effective removal of impurities to harvest pure carbon nanodots (CNDs) through solvent-based selective separation method, and revelation of the cocktail flourphores similar to biocompatible blue fluorescent CNDs were studied.