본 연구 목적은 축제 체험 요소, 도시 브랜드 자산, 브랜드 충성도의 영 향 관계를 분석하고, 칭다오 맥주 브랜드 지식이 브랜드 자산, 브랜드 충성 도 간의 영향 관계에 미치는 조절 효과를 탐구하며 시사점을 제시하는 데 있다. 연구 방법은 중국 칭다오 국제 맥주 축제 방문객을 대상으로 설문조 사를 실시하였으며, 구조 방정식 모델을 통해 데이터를 분석하였다. 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 축제 체험 요소 중 인지, 감성, 행동, 감각, 관 계 등 5가지 요인이 모두 브랜드 인지도에 긍정적인 영향을 미친 것으로 나타났다. 칭다오 국제 맥주 축제는 도시를 타 도시와 차별화하며 방문객 들에게 강력한 인지적 효과를 제공하였다. 둘째, 인지, 감성, 행동, 감각 이 4가지 요인은 도시 브랜드 이미지와 지각된 품질에 유의미한 영향을 미치 는 것으로 나타났다. 칭다오 도시 브랜드 자산을 향상시키기 위해 독창적 이고 다양한 프로그램을 제공하고, 방문객의 오감 체험을 통해 긍정적인 경험을 유도해야 한다. 셋째, 도시 브랜드 자산은 충성도에 긍정적인 영향 을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 충성 관광객을 지속적으로 유치하기 위해 브 랜드 자산에 대한 체계적이고 지속적인 관리가 필요하다. 넷째, 칭다오 맥 주 브랜드 사전 지식이 도시 브랜드 자산과 브랜드 충성도 간의 관계에서 조절 효과가 있다는 것으로 나타났다. 앞으로 더 많은 충성 관광객을 유치하 기 위해 칭다오 맥주의 IP를 강화하고 브랜드 지식의 확산에 집중해야 한다.

The rapid advancement of technology has created unprecedented opportunities for brands to engage with their existing and potential consumers through digitally enriched products. One such technology that enables the digital enrichment of analog products is augmented reality (AR). Through AR, consumers are able to directly interact with brands, for example, by scanning a product to unlock animated digital content that prompts them to take reciprocal actions. Recognizing that technologies that fail to actively engage consumers may struggle to realize their full potential, our study incorporates consumer brand engagement as a key factor of investigation. Consumer engagement with the brand signifies a higher level of commitment and aids in building lasting and beneficial relationships, as well as enhancing brand knowledge, ultimately positively influencing consumer-based brand equity.

Throughout recent years, many physical establishments were forced to close, and events were canceled due to the outbreak of Covid-19. Consequently, brands, especially luxury brands, saw their contact with consumers greatly diminished and revenues decreased significantly (D’Arpizio et al., 2021). On the contrary, the global gaming industry saw its demand, exposure, and revenues increase. In fact, this industry is expected to exceed $200 billion by the end of 2023 (Gilliland, 2020), and there were more than 2.6 billion players worldwide in 2020 (Palframan, 2021). Thus, in 2020, many luxury brands opted to significantly upsurge their investments in the world of online gaming. The adoption of game advertising also represents a way for the luxury industry to adapt to its current target, as 81% of Gen Z and 77% of Millennials are gamers (Jain, 2021). By 2025, both generations are expected to account for 50% of the market, making them important players in the sector. However, there is still little empirical research regarding consumers’ perceptions of game advertising in the context of luxury brands. Thus, this research aims to study the impact that brand credibility and the use of game advertising have on the perceived coolness of luxury brands and, subsequently, on their equity.

This study aimed to identify sub-dimensions of the authenticity and fictionality of a brand story and analyze the effects of authenticity and fictionality on customer-based brand equity. Data were obtained from a group of 213 males and females in their 20s and 30s living in Korea using an online survey institute. Results showed that the authenticity and fictionality of a brand story are composed of reality, excitement, exaggeration, fictional symbolism, influence, sincerity, relativeness, mysteriousness, and unreality. Of these, sincerity, excitement, reality, influence, and mysteriousness had significant effects on brand imagery; sincerity particularly exerted a relatively more substantial influence on brand imagery. Also, influence, mysteriousness, excitement, and relativeness impacted performance positively, and exaggeration impacted performance negatively. This indicated that a well-constructed brand story with authenticity and fictionality had a positive impact on the brand image. Excitement, mysteriousness, reality, relativeness, sincerity, and influence of a brand story had significant effects on brand judgement. In contrast, only excitement and influence positively impacted brand feelings, and unreality had a negative impact on feelings. The exciting and influential brand story impacted brand attitude. Also, brand image and attitude positively impacted sharing and purchase intention, while brand performance did not affect recommendation intention. These findings contribute to identifying a brand story’s attributes, authenticity, and fictionality and provide insights for marketers on creating brand stories to increase brand image and attitude and to build customer-based brand equity.

This study examines the effects of the public’s perception of emergency medical service (EMS) on the public health system’s brand equity and the moderating effect of governance on this relationship using Keller’s customer-based brand equity model. It uses four EMS functions: rescue/first-aid and transfer activities; disaster prevention, preparation, and response activities; educational activities in urgent situations; and medical treatment in emergency rooms to examine the effects of them on brand meaning of the public health system. Our findings are important for understanding the public as customers of the public health system and devising and/ or adapting healthcare policies and marketing strategies to develop brand equity and increase customers’ loyalty to the public health system.