본 연구는 식품 부산물의 에탄올 추출물의 항산화능, 항균특성 및 첨가제로서의 기능성특성을 알아보기 위해 실시하였다. 조사대상은 카사바 부산물, 땅콩 부산물, 완두콩 부산물, 그리고 조미료 부산물이었다. 또한, 부산물 추출물 및 BHA를 첨가한 미트 패티의 저장 중 품질특성을 비교 분석하였다. 추출물 내 총 폴리페놀 및 플라보노이드 함량은 땅콩 부산물이 다른 추출물에 비해 높게 나타났다. DPPH라디칼 소거능은 땅콩 부산물 추출물에서 가장 높은 활성을 나타내었으며(p<0.05), ABTS 라디칼 소거능 및 FRAP 활성능에서는 완두콩 부산물 추출물이 가장 높은 결과를 나타내었다(p<0.05). 땅콩 부산물 추출물은 Streptococcus pneumoniae에 대해서 강한 활성을 나타내었고, 조미료 부산물 추출물은 S. aureus와 S. pneumoniae균에 대해 매우 강한 활성을 나타내었다. 미트 패티의 저장 중 지방산화 억제능은 카사바, 땅콩, 완두콩 부산물 추출물이 BHA 첨가군과 유사하게 낮은 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances(TBARS) 값을 나타내었다(p<0.05). 단백질 변패도 실험에서는 완두콩 부산물 추출물 처리구가 다른 시험구에 비해 유의적으로 낮은 값을 나타내었다(p<0.05). 이상의 결과, 식품부산물은 S. aureus과 E. coli 에 대해 항균활성이 우수하고, 지방산패를 억제하기 때문에 좋은 식품첨가물로서 이용이 가능할 것으로 사료된다.

This study focuses on evaluating the physico-chemical properties of extruded cassava starch added with corn flour. The raw materials were mixed at different ratios (corn flour/cassava starch 0:100, 25:75, 50:50, 75:25, 100:0 [w/w]), then extruded at different barrel temperatures (120 and 140°C) and moisture contents (20 and 25%), with the physicochemical and pasting properties of extrudates finally analyzed. The obtained results showed that the addition of corn flour to the mix resulted in an increase in specific length, lightness, yellowness, water absorption index, water solubility index, final viscosity, and setback viscosity of extrudates, while there was a decrease in redness and piece density. Other properties including the expansion ratio, reducing sugars, cold viscosity, peak viscosity, hold viscosity, and breakdown viscosity were more likely to be subjected to barrel temperature and moisture content. Mixing corn flour with cassava starch ameliorated the expansion properties, color, and some pasting properties of mixed extrudates. This study demonstrated that the use of corn flour and extrusion process with different barrel temperatures and moisture contents provided valuable data for the further development of extruded cassava starch.

This study was conducted to establish replacement the corncob used in winter mushroom bottle cultivation. Corncob is unstable quality in moisture content or total nitrogen(T-N) content. Fruit body yields according to the ratio of cassava stem chips mixing were compared. After treatment-1 and treatment-2, fruit body yields increased by 8.8% and 5.4% and raw material cost decreased by 7% and 19%. The results showed that cassava stem chips could replace 33% to 67% of corncob for winter mushroom bottle cultivation.

캄보디아의 카사바는 최근 벼 다음으로 매우 중요한 작물로 부상하고 있다. 국내 소비와 수출이 증대됨에 따라 지난 10년 동안 급성장을 하고 있다. 최근의 재배면적 변화를 보면 2000 년 16,279 ha에서 2012년 361,854 ha로 급격하게 증가되었다. 생산량도 2000년 147,763톤에서 2012년 7,613,698톤으로 약 52배 늘었다. 단위면적당 수확량을 보면 ha당 2000년 10톤 내 외에서 최근 우기재배의 경우 21톤, 건기의 경우 약 29톤에 이르고 있다. Battambang, Kampong Cham 및 Banteay Mean Chey 등이 주산지이며, 이들 지역의 생산량은 전체의 48%를 차지하고 있다. 수량 감소 주요인은 토양 양분결핍, 재배기간의 단축, 잡초 피해 등으로 분석되었다. 따라서 생산성이 저조한 지역에서도 수량 감소 요인을 개선하게 되면 금후 수량성을 높일 수 있을 것으로 기대하고 있다. 세계 시장에서 캄보디아의 카사바 경쟁력을 높이기 위해서 는 수량성 증대와 생산비 절감이 절실하다. 영양적 측면에서 전분함량 증대, 전분의 기능성 확대, 영양가치의 향상 등도 요 구된다. 가공면에서는 가공공장의 확대, 가공효율 개선, 새로 운 가공기술과 상품 개발 등도 개선되어야 한다. 특히 새로운 시장 개척과 생산, 가공 및 유통 등의 긴밀한 협력체계 구축 이 필요하다 하겠다. 이 밖에도 높은 인플레이션에 대한 인건 비, 농산물 및 서비스가격의 상승 등도 해결되어야 한다. 또한 다수확 품종의 지속적인 공급과 농가의 기술 평준화가 선행되 어야 한다. 지역 및 국제시장에서의 카사바 가격에 대한 정보 도 충분하지 않다. 그리고 농가의 관개시설 미비에 따른 천연 강수량 의존성과 설비 보완업체 부족 등도 문제다. 이러한 점 을 해결하기 위해서는 카사바에 대한 명확한 정책 및 관련기 관의 설립 기반이 마련되어야 하고 기관과 재정의 강화뿐만 아니라 효율적인 마케팅 체계를 다양화하고 카사바 부가가치 의 향상이 필요하다고 본다.

Somatic embryogenesis is a process where a plant or embryo is derived from a single somatic cell or group of somatic cells. Application of this process include: clonal propagation of genetically uniform plant material; elimination of viruses; provision if source tissue for genetic transformation; generation of whole plants from single cells called protoplasts; development of synthetic seed technology. In this study tissue culture was carried out for mass propagation of cassava using somatic embryogenesis. For tissue culture set up, we used cassava variety (“Rayong5”, “Rayong7”, “Rayong9”, “Rayong11”) developed in Rayong Field Crop Research Center(RYFCRC). In induction of callus step, the callus formed from each cassava variety. “Rayong 7“ showed the highest induction rate of 95%, while induction rate of other varies were ranged from 50% to 85%. In the case of weight of callus ”Rayong5“ has the highest weight. Results in the present study would be useful in mass propagation of cassava by somatic embryogenesis.

다습한 열대지방에서 카사바는 중요한 식물자원이다. 수분함량(20, 25%)와 배럴온도(110, ) 에 따른 압출성형 카사바전분의 물리적 특성(밀도, 팽화율, 비기계적 에너지, 색, 수분용해지수, 수분흡착지수)와 호화특성을 조사하였다. 카사바전분 압출성형공정에서 수분 투입량은 압출성형물의 비기계적 에너지 투입량, 비길이, 밀도에 유의적으로 영향을 미쳤으며(p

Transformed cassava plants were successfully produced from friable embryogenic calli derived from leaf lobes byAgrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. We used A. twnefaciens strain LBA4404 containing pCAMmPHY whichcontained a binary vector with

Higher level of KCl application stimulated both leaf area index and leaf area duration in all cassava varieties, while the leaf and tuber number of the bitter varieties (high cyanide-level varieties) decreased in proportion to the level of KCl application. The root/shoot (R/S) ratio and harvest index (HI) were negatively related with the level of KCl application in all cassava varieties. The bitter varieties obtained the lowest R/S ratio at the level of 100 - 150 kg KCl ha-1 , while the sweet varieties (low cyanide-level varieties) acquired the highest values at the level of 50 - 150 kg KCl ha-1 . Also, the sweet varieties showed the lowest HI at the level of 250 kg KCl ha-1 , but the bitter varieties at the level of 150 kg KCl ha-1 . At 6 - 8 months after planting, the sweet varieties tended to obtain higher starch content of roots (tubers) at the level of 50 - 150 kg KCl ha-1 , while the bitter varieties at the level of 150 - 250 kg KCl ha-1 . Relatively lower level of 50 - 150 kg KCl ha-1 was more appropriate for decreasing hydrocyanic acid (HCN) content of roots (tubers) in the sweet varieties at the harvest time, and the level of 250 kg KCl ha-1 was adequate to decrease not only HCN content of leaves but also that of roots (tubers) in the bitter varieties during the growing period. To obtain higher yield and starch content of tubers, and lower HCN content of roots (tubers), it was recommended that the sweet varieties are applied with the level of 50 - 100 kg KCl ha-1 and the bitter varieties with the level of 150 - 200 kg KCl ha-1 , respectively, in Latosol soils of Bogor areas, West Java.

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of stem-cutting (SC) length and portion on the major agronomic characters related with dry matter production and accumulation, and to examine their relation­ships in cassava. When cassava was planted with longer SCs or with older portion SCs, major canopy or source characters like leaf number and leaf area index developed excessively, while tuber yields could be reduced due to the decrease of root/shoot ratio, relative growth rate, root dry weight, and harvest index, particularly in the bitter varieties (high cyanide-level varieties). It was considered that the sweet varieties (low cyanide-level varieties) be early­bulked with higher tuber yield when they are planted with the 25-30 cm long SCs or with the SCs from young type to semi-mature portions of mother stems, while the bitter varieties with the 15-20 cm long SCs or with the SCs from semi-mature to hardwood portions of mother stems, respectively. However, a significant interaction between length and portion of SC was not observed in all agronomic characters.

This study was carried out to investigate the patterns of dry matter (DM) production and accumulation, and to screen the relationships between related major growth characters and DM accumulation in four cassava varieties in Bogor (6~circ19, West Java, Indonesia. Gading and Adiral developed an enough source and canopy in short at the early growth phase and then translocated assimilates to storage roots with a higher partitioning rate, even these varieties were considered as early-bulking varieties, which have superior source and sink potentials in increasing yield and DM of tubers. The root/shoot ratio (R/SR), total dry weight (TDW), leaf area duration, leaf area index (LAI), and number of tubers showed higher positive correlations with the dry weight of roots (DWR), and the direct effects of TDW, R/SR, and LAI on the DWR were higher. These characters were considered to be useful target characters to screen cassava varieties with high yield potential and high DM in aspect of tuber production.

The effects of long-term fertilization on soil properties and nutrient availability are not well documented for cassava cultivation in Vietnam. In 1990, a field research plots were established with 12 treatments to test the effect of different rates of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) on soil properties in Acrisols at Thai Nguyen University in Northern Vietnam. In 1999, composite soil samples (0 to 20cm depth) were collected from eight selected plots for measurements of nutrient supply rates by ion exchange membrane probes and for growing corn and canola in a growth chamber with and without added lime. Generally, long-term nitrogen (N) fertilization increased available N supply rates but decreased available potassium (K) and magnesium (Mg). Long-term phosphorus(P) applications increased canola N, calcium (Ca) and Mg uptake. Canola P uptake increased with increased P rates only when lime was added. Long-term K applications increased canola N, K, Ca, Mg uptake but only significantly increased corn N uptake. Liming significantly increased uptake of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S for both corn and canola. However, N H4- N, K and Mg soil supply rates were reduced when lime was added, due to competition between Ca from the added lime and other nutrients.