Webpage cookies collect and authorize access to users’ online footprints and regulate the data authorization for access, sharing, and usage. Data authorization, which is built based on, but exceeding cookies protocol, enables personalized recommendations under the framework of data-driven content-user matching in a way against customer privacy invasiveness and data breaches. However, gaps exist in how users’ desire for a personalized experience and the site’s perceived ethics contribute to the site-trust and cookies acceptance of categories at each type of site and how businesses’ reward incentives and cookie-based controls may intensify the willingness to contribute to the user data donation continuously.

This study empirically verified the effect of the characteristics of live commerce on consumer trust and purchase intention. An online survey was conducted targeting adult women in their 20s and 30s who watched videos relating to fashion products on the NAVER shopping live channel; 281 questionnaires were analyzed using the IBM SPSS statistics 23 and AMOS 21 software packages. Consequently, the four factors of interactivity, attractiveness, price discount, and playfulness were identified from the data as characteristics of live commerce. Whereas interactivity and playfulness positively affected trust in both the seller and the product, attractiveness did nor significantly affect trust in the seller and the product. Furthermore, price discount had a significant positive effect only on trust in the seller and had no significant effect on trust in the product. In addition, trust in both the seller and the product had a significant positive effect on consumers’ purchase intention; in particular, trust in the seller had a greater influence on consumers’ purchase intention than trust in the product did. Research on the characteristics of live commerce can contribute to extend the theorical framework of live commerce research. Finally, fashion companies using live commerce channels will be able to develop live commerce channels that can elicit positive consumer perceptions based on the results of this study.

The implications of brand hypocrisy for corporate social responsibility (CSR) at the brand level of analysis remain largely unexplored. Drawing on attribution theory and the sense making perspective of CSR, this paper aims to develop a conceptual framework that highlights the negative effects of advertising skepticism on brand distance, as mediated by perceptions of brand hypocrisy. Furthermore, the study seeks to examine whether a brand’s commitment toward sustainability, consumers’ desire for exclusivity and brand trust have any impact on perceived brand hypocrisy and distance. As the effect of CSR skepticism and brand hypocrisy bears heavily on consumers’ attitudes and behaviour, this paper draws from several socio-psychological theories to identify how it can be pre-emptively abated. Findings will enrich the understanding of negative consumer inferences related to brands and provide a conceptualization of an understudied but increasingly relevant form of brand judgment.

21세기 경영환경 변화의 중심에 ‘지속가능성’(sustainability)과 ‘지속가능경영’(sustainable management) 이 대두되고 있다. 21세기는 그 어느 때보다도 인류의 생존은 물론 기업의 성장과 발전을 위해서도 ‘지속가능성’을 기업경영의 모토로 삼지 않을 수 없게 되었다. 기업의 지속가능한 발전을 위하여 무엇을, 어떻게 준비해야 할 것인가? 이런 이슈를 해결하기 위해 지속가능경영에 대한 기업과 정부 및 사회의 관심이 높아지고 있다. 그러나 지속적으로 생존 및 번영을 추구하는 다국적 기업의 지속가능경영에 대한 실증 연구는 아직 많이 부족한 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 다국적 기업의 제품과 서비스에 대한 소비자의 구매의도를 파악함으로써, 이론적이며 현실적인 전략적 시사점을 도출하고자 한다. 먼저, 문헌연구를 통해 기업의 지속가능경영 활동을 효율성, 친환경보호, 에너지관리, 소비자보호, 윤리경영의 다섯 가지 독립변수로 도출하였다. 이러한 특성들이 구매의도에 영향을 미치며, 신뢰가 독립변수들과 구매의도 사이에서 매개효과를 보인다는 종합적 모델을 구축하였다. 그리고 일반소비자 269명을 대상으로 실증분석을 실행하였다. 실증분석 결과, 지속가능경영의 효율성, 친환경보호, 에너지관리, 소비자보호, 윤리경영이 ‘신뢰’에 긍정적인 영향으로 나타났으며, 다섯 가지 독립 변수 중 효율성과 윤리경영의 경우, 구매의도에 미치는 직접적 영향은 기각되었다. 또한, 지속가능경영의 효율성, 친환경보호, 에너지관리, 소비자보호, 윤리경영 요인이 구매의도에 미치는 관계에 있어서 ‘신뢰’는 정(+)의 매개효과를 보였다.

Considering that the effectiveness of ads varies according to the credibility of consumers, it is necessary to establish data regarding consumer credibility in relation to online reviews. To conduct a successful study on the marketing strategies of online reviews, it is also necessary to analyze the relationship between credibility and the various factors that influence the purchase intentions of consumers. Therefore, this study attempted to examine the relationship between consumer trust of on-line reviews, brand preference, ads credibility, and purchase intentions in relation to cosmetics. The study was conducted through a normative descriptive survey method using stimuli and a self-administered questionnaire. Analysis of the structural equation model was conducted for the data analysis. The results revealed that consumer reliance on online reviews of cosmetics influences brand preference, credibility of brand ads and purchase intentions. The results also revealed that consumers’ on-line reviews, brand preference, and trust of brand ads are important factors for increasing the purchase intentions. The mediation effect of brand preference and brands’ ads credibility were found in the process where on-line reviews exercise an influence on the purchase intentions. It was also found that brand preference has a stronger influence on purchase intention than credibility of brand ads. It was discovered that the credibility of on-line reviews directly influences purchase intentions more than indirectly influences. Considering the results of this study, programs that encourage customers to post on-line reviews, and strategies to promote brand preference by targeting groups that exhibit high trust in online reviews would be recommended.

The purpose of this paper is to explain and identify how factors that related in consumer trust in food safety such as trust in agricultural food institutions, monitering responsibility of agricultural food institutions and truth-telling of agricultural food scandle have influence on agricultural food trust and consumer's perceived risk, and agricultural food trust have an effect on perceived risk and repurchase intention, and then the perceived risk has influences on repurchase intention in agricultural food product setting. A survey study was conducted to collect the data with women as consumers who have experience of purchase at several types of retailing grocery stores. Structural equation modeling with SPSS 19.0 and Amos 16 were performed to test the research hypothesis. The results of the study are as follows: First, trust in agricultural food institutions, monitering responsibility of agricultural food institutions and truth-telling of agricultural food scandle are positively associated on agricultural food trust, and truth-telling of agricultural food scandle are positively associated on consumer's perceived risk, but not in trust in agricultural food institutions and monitering responsibility of agricultural food institutions. Second, agricultural food trust are positively associated on purchase intention, but is negatively associated on consumer's perceived risk. Finally, perceived risk has not influences on purchase intention.

This study examines how consumer trust across multiple customer interaction channels, company management policies, and customer previous experience affect service renewal, loyalty. Structural equation modeling of an online survey of 657 US insurance and mobile telecomm consumers confirmed the importance of the three antecedents and that the impact of the three interaction channels differed in the two service contexts.

본 연구에서는 농산물 안전성과 농산물 가공식품 안전성이식품신뢰에 미치는 영향과 식품신뢰와 감정몰입 및 구매의향의 인과관계를 소비자의 경제력 규모에 따라 어떠한 차이가있는가를 확인하였다. 연구결과 고소득층에서는 농식품안전성이 식품신뢰에는 영향이 없는 반면, 중간소득층 및 저소득층에서는 영향이 있었다. 그러나 식품신뢰와 감정적몰입, 감정몰입과 구매의향, 그리고 식품신뢰와 구매의향 관계에서는 모든소비자계층에서 유의한 영향이 있는 것으로 확인 되었다. 연구에 대한 논의는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 소비자의 소득수준에 따라서 농식품에 대한 신뢰에 차이가 있다. 고소득층에서는 일반적인 농산물의 안전성에 대해 신뢰하지 않고 단지 가공식품에 대해서만 신뢰하는 반면, 중간소득층 및 저소득층에서는 농산물과 농산물 가공식품을 모두 신뢰하는 것으로 확인되었다.따라서 소비자를 소득수준에 따라서 고소득층과 중간소득층및 저소득층으로 구분하여 집단의 특성에 맞도록 시장을 세분화하고 적합한 마케팅전략을 적용하는 것이 바람직할 것이다.즉, 유기농식품을 포함한 친환경식품은 고가격전략을 추구하여 고소득층을 대상으로 소구하는 것이 바람직할 것이다. 이를 위해선 데이터베이스마케팅을 도입하여 고객명단을 분석한후 고소득층 소비자에게 Eco-partner 인증제도, 녹색시스템운영, 제품의 유해물질 관리, 친환경소재개발 등 친환경제품과그린마케팅, 그리고 친환경인증획득을 통한 친환경제품개발활동을 전개하고, 또한 생산자로서 책임을 다하는 기업임을 강조하여 고소득층과의 교감을 통해 친환경이미지제고활동을 전개하는 등 고소득층에 적합한 차별화된 마케팅활동을 전개하는 것이 중요하다. 둘째, 고소득층은 식품에 대해 신뢰를 한소비자는 직접적으로 구매의향을 나타내기 보다는 감정몰입이될 때 더 높은 구매의향이 있는 것으로 확인된 반면, 중간소득층 및 저소득층 소비자는 감정몰입이 중요하지만 이 요소가구매의향에 미치는 영향보다는 신뢰가 직접적으로 구매의향을일으키는 것이 더 높은 것으로 나타났다. 그러므로 소비자를분류하여 고소득층에게는 장기적 관점에서 평생고객 개념으로고객과의 관계관리를 지향해야 하는 반면에 중간소득층 및 저소득층은 일회성 고객으로 분류하여 즉각적인 구매로 연결될수 있도록 차별화된 고객관리가 필요하다. 따라서 고소득층고객은 식품에 대한 신뢰를 통해 고객이 감정적으로 몰입할 수있도록 제품에 대해 건강과 여유 등 삶의 질을 강조할 필요가있고, 중간소득층 및 저소득층에게는 즉각적인 소비가 이루어질 수 있도록 저가전략 및 판촉전략을 실행할 필요가 있다.

This study was designed to provide practical environmental marketing data by measuring the effect of environmental marketing on customer loyalty and trust at coffee stores. The results were obtained by empirical analysis and are summarized as follows. The first hypothesis, the effect of environmental marketing on consumer trust at coffee stores, showed that environmental marketing at coffee stores had a statistically significant positive effect on consumer trust. Price, product, and facilities as sub-factors of environmental marketing at coffee stores had effects on consumer trust. Especially, facilities was the highest. The second hypothesis, the effect of environmental marketing on customer loyalty at coffee stores, showed that environmental marketing at coffee stores had a statistically significant positive effect on customer loyalty. Price, product, and facilities as sub-factors of environmental marketing at coffee stores had effects on customer loyalty. Especially, facilities was the highest. The third hypothesis, the effect of consumer trust on customer loyalty at coffee stores, showed that consumer trust at coffee stores had a statistically significant positive effect on customer loyalty. Improvement of consumer trust by environmental marketing was an important factor in improving customer loyalty. As for these findings, price, product, and facilities as sub-factors of environmental marketing at coffee stores had effects on consumer trust and loyalty. Consequently, these findings provide helpful information for coffee stores to plan environmental marketing strategies and establish direction, and they can be used for management activities.

The purpose of this study was to measure the effects of trust, knowledge, optimism, risk and benefits on consumer attitudes toward genetically modified foods. A total of 326 questionnaires were completed. Moderated regression analysis was used to measure the relationships among the variables. The analysis results for the data indicated a good model fit in Model 2 rather than Model 1, in which the direct effects of trust, optimism and benefits had statistically significant direct effects on the respondents' attitudes toward genetically modified foods, while the direct effects of knowledge and risk were not statistically significant. As expected, the interaction term of risk and benefit had a significant effect on consumer attitude. Moreover, the effect of risk on consumer's attitude toward genetically modified foods was statistically significant at all levels of benefit, except at the lower benefit level. Finally, the results of this study indicated that genetically modified food developers and marketers should attach importance to the interaction effect of benefits to understand the elements of market demand and customer loyalty.