This study was performed to provide fundamental data on the convenience foods purchase according to the food-related lifestyle. The subject was 250 Chinese students in South Korea region through a self-administered questionnaire. A factor analysis extracted five comprising food-related lifestyle, which we named health seeking (factor 1), taste seeking (factor 2), easy seeking (factor 3), popularity seeking (factor 4) and safety seeking (factor 5). According to the results of the reliability analysis, the food-related lifestyle showed an average of 3.16 and 0.813 for Cronbach's alpha coefficient. There were significant differences for the selection of convenience foods according to health seeking (p<0.05). Also, the popularity seeking and easy seeking lifestyle factors showed significant differences for the reason the purchase criteria of convenience food (p<0.05). There was not significant differences in convenience foods of selection criteria according to health seeking, taste seeking, easy seeking, popularity seeking and safety seeking types (p<0.05). A significant positive result of the internal characteristics of convenience foods purchase (p<0.05) was shown for the health seeking and taste seeking. A significant positive result of the external characteristics of convenience food purchase (p<0.05) was shown for the health seeking, taste seeking and safety seeking. In the correlation between convenience food purchase factors, the correlation coefficient of nutrition and ingredients are highest with 0.46, 0.445 in cooking and price, 0.441 in ingredients and expiry date, 0.383 in brand and price, 0.361 in taste and easy. In conclusion, this study presented the desirable direction of convenience food consumption in Chinese students.

The interest in convenience food has increased over the years. Many researchers have tried to discover what factors affect the consumption of convenience food. Despite the diversity of studies, few studies emphasize a household’s income. The aim of this article is to identify the different consumption patterns between upper, middle, and lower income brackets. Generally, households with higher income consumed more convenience food or the relationship was not significant. However, many convenience foods are regarded as nutritionally unbalanced and have a lower quality. So, the hypothesis cannot be easily confirmed because there are tradeoffs not only between health, as nutrition balance and cost, but also health and convenience. Thus, there is a need to indicate the divergent attributes of buying convenience food in a distinct income group. In addition, the convenience food is subdivided into two distinct categories: convenience food as a substitution for a whole meal (unhealthy) and substitution as part of a diet (healthy). We found that higher income groups purchase healthier convenience food while lower income groups purchase unhealthier convenience food. Also there are distinct attributes that influence the consumption of healthy and unhealthy convenience food.

In this study, we analyzed the dietary style of Chinese singles; in addition, the effect of convenience food consumption on the quality of life of singles was evaluated through construct model development on the relationship between the frequency of consumption and satisfaction with convenience food and quality of life. A statistical analysis of 153 surveys from Tianj was conducted using SPSS 12.0 for Windows and SEM using AMOS 5.0 statistics package. The reliability of the data was confirmed by an exploratory factor analysis and Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The measurement model was confirmed as appropriate by a confirmatory factor analysis of the measurement model in conjunction with AMOS. The results of a factor analysis were as follows. Dietary style was categorized into four factors. The level of satisfaction with convenience food was categorized into seven factors and quality of life was categorized into four factors. The reliability of these findings was supported by a Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.6 and higher for all the factors. For the level of satisfaction with convenience food based on dietary style and the quality of life of singles, a structural equation model was constructed and analyzed. The results of all tests indicated that the model satisfied the recommended level of goodness of fit index and thus, the overall research model was appropriate. The current study highlights the increased interest in eating habits of singles and is necessary for further improvement in nutrition education.

장애인들에게 교육은 한 사회의 시민으로서 소속되어 역할을 담당할 수 있게 하는 바탕이 될 수 있다. 특히 대학교육은 그들에게 삶의 질을 보장하는 수단으로 작용할 수 있다. 그들에게 보다 높은 삶과 더 나은 직업을 가질 기회를 제공 하게 되는 것이다. 현재 의 대학교육 환경은 장애인들의 대학생활을 누릴 기회를 제한하고 있는 경우가 많다. 대학교육 환경의 물리적인 공간개선이 더욱더 장애인을 중심으로 하는 차원에서 검토되어야 한다고 본다. 본 연구는 충청도 소재 대학교 13곳을 선정하여 장애인 편의시설 전수조사표1)를 기준 으로 편의시설, 외부시설, 내부시설의 접근성을 조사하였다. 연구결과 전반적으로 대학의 편의시설은 특정 장애에 대한 편의시설이 설치되어 있는 것으로 나타났고, 그나마 설치시설도 적정하게 이루어지지 않거나 전혀 설치되어 있지 않는 경우도 많았으며 설치가 되었다 하더라도 관리 소홀로 적절하게 사용되지 못하고 있는 것으로 조사되었다. 이에 따라 장애인편의시설 기준과 규정을 더욱더 강화하고, 그에 따른 모니터링 결과에 따라 행정적으로도 처벌이 이루어져야 하며, 학교차원에서도 적극적으로 행정적 지원이 되어 장애인들의 교육에 대한 권리에 지켜나가야 한다고 본다.

This study aimed to investigate the perception, consumption, and acceptability of convenience mealsin low-income female elderly attending a lunch program at a community well fare center. Using in-depth interviews, qualitative data were collected 11 elderly females (62.5±11.2y) living in Seoul. Participants tried to eat various foods in small-portionsat home, although they ate out what they were offered. Elderly females preferred lunch box-type meals containing a bowl of rice served with toppings, gruel, or Bibimbop due to the growing unavailability of cooking or preparing a meal. Side-dish type convenience mealswere also preferred among elderly females since boiled rice can be easily prepared according to individual preferences. In addition, participants preferred healthy foods. Convenience meal planning and production, appropriate kinds of foods, cooking methods, menus, and packaging should be selected based on the elderly's functional atrophy in chewing, swallowing,digestion, and metabolic diseases. Furthermore, food preferences and comfort foods among the elderlyneed to be identified and characterized. Therefore, more information, including bite size, cutting size, and food texture, should be provided to understand and develop convenience meals for the elderly.

Due to their accessibility and 24-hr availability, convenience stores are an integral part of daily lives. Because they sell a limited number of products and have small shelf space, shelf space allocation and inventory replenishment are important considerations for inventory management that critically affect profit. In this paper, we propose five solutions for the vendor-managed inventory problem of convenience stores that maximize profit while considering stock-out-based product substitutions. The performance of the proposed solutions is evaluated via simulation to reflect the demand uncertainty and marketing activity.

본 연구에서는 편의점에서 고객이 처음 원하는 제품의 재고가 없을 때 다른 제품으로의 대체구매가 존재하는 상황에서 수익을 극대화하는 제품들의 진열공간 크기와 보충시점 결정을 위한 5가지 재고관리 해법을 제안한다. 그리고 고객수요의 불확실성과 마케팅 요소를 반영한 시뮬레이션 모형을 구축하여 제안된 해법들의 성능을 평가한다.

UN해양법협약은 해양에서 선박통항의 자유를 인정하되 선박에 대한 관할과 관리는 선적국에 부여하고 있다. 그런데, UN해양법협약 등에서 선박의 국적부여 권한을 각국에 맡겨 선박의 소유국과 선적국의 불일치를 인정함으로써 해양질서 유지에 어려움을 초래하고 있다. 특히, 형사관할에 대하여 기국위주의 배타적 행사를 인정하여 선적국의 관할권 행사가 이루어지지 않거나 피해국 입장이 반영되지 않는 문제점이 노정되고 있다. 본고에서는 이러한 문제의식하에 UN해양법협약을 중심으로 선박과 기국에 관한 국제법적 규정과 이에 따른 문제점들을 해양사고 발생에 따른 형사관할권의 소재를 중심으로 살펴보고 기국주의에 따른 형사관할권이 어떻게 결정되는지 몇 몇 사례에서 살펴본다. 또한 국제 형사실무에서 이루어지는 형사사법 공조체계를 살펴보고 기국관할에 따른 문제점을 보완할 수 있는 몇 가지 대안을 제시해 보고자 한다.

The purpose of this study was to compare convenience food purchasing behaviors and food habits. The study, which asked surveyed 131 female college students in Daejeon, in 2011, on how they used nutrition labels. The subjects were divided into two groups, in terms of the way they checked examined nutrition labels: a "Check" group(n=62, 47.3%) and a "No check" group(n=69, 52.7%). Reasons given for not reading nutrition labelings were "a habit of buying" for 72.2%, and "too small or rude" for 19.1%. The "Check" group reported higher interest in nutrition(p<0.001) and hygiene(p<0.01) than the "No check" group. Those who used the labels had higher cereal(p<0.01) and vegetable(p<0.01) consumption and a lower intake of fast foods(p<0.05). But however, most of the subjects(65.6%) chose by taste, at the time they purchased the convenience foods. The subjects considered "expiry date"(n=87, 66.4%) to be more important information on food labels than "nutrient composition"(n=11, 8.4%). The number of products whose nutrition labels were checked by over 50% was five out of 12. In conclusion, our study suggests that proper use of nutrition labeling may improve food choices and enable healthy dietary practices. Further efforts are needed to provide the public with nutrition education programs on how to read nutrition labeling. Modifying nutrition labels to make them easier for the public to understand should also be considered.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the body composition, biochemical parameters, and consumption of convenience foods according to β-3 adrenergic receptor polymorphism in university students. A survey was conducted on a total of 486 students - 189 males and 297 females. Based on a self-reporting method, questionnaires were administered for over 20 minutes, and β-3 adrenergic receptor and blood samples were also analyzed. The genotype frequencies of β-3 adrenergic receptor polymorphism were Trp/Trp homozygote (73.0%) and Trp/Arg heterozygote (27.0%) in male students. For the female students, the distribution of genotypes was Trp/Trp (71.0%) and Trp/Arg (29.0%). There were no differences according to biochemical parameters (ALT, cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and hemoglobin) or body composition. Males with TT genotype frequently ate Ramyon (2.40±0.52), Cup Ramyon (2.37±0.39), Kimchi (2.23±0.61), and frozen meat (2.00±0.44), whereas males with TA genotype ate Fries (frozen food) (1.90±0.79), Smoked meat (1.67±0.81), and Canned fruit (1.64±0.81). Females with TT genotype frequently ate Frozen fries (2.21±0.35), Kimbab (2.12±0.44), and Ramyon (1.85±0.40), whereas females with TA genotype frequently ate Kimchi (1.73±0.98), Fries (frozen food) (1.46±0.26), and Cup Ramyon (1.30±0.34). When questioned about satisfaction about body shape, 22.8 and 60.8% of those with TT genotype answered that they were 'satisfied' or needed to 'lose weight', respectively, whereas 18.0 and 63.9% of those with TA genotype answered that they were 'satisfied' or needed to 'lose weight', respectively. In conclusion, this study found no significant effects in terms of β-3 adrenergic receptor polymorphism, which suggests that health-promoting education needs to be developed so that university students appropriately recognize their bodies and control their weight in desirable ways. Therefore, it is necessary to educate individuals with TT genotype how to buy reasonable foods by understanding the interrelationship between convenience foods and health care and by checking the nutrition index labels on convenience foods. Thus, it is recommended that a health-promoting program be developed for the promotion of healthy lifestyles.

본 연구는 급수전('tap'과 'faucet'은 호환사용)의 종류에 따른 사용자의 조작방향에 대해 우리나라와 다른 나라의 문화적인 차이를 비교한 연구결과이다. 이를 위하여 우리들이 가정과 공공시설의 화장실이나 욕실 등에서 많이 사용하고 있는 냉 온수 일체형 레버형 손잡이 급수전과 냉 온수 분리형 손잡이 급수전을 선정하여 이의 열림 방향에 대한 스테레오타입을 파악하였다. 또한 본 실험결과와 다른 문화권의 자료를 비교하여 이의 차이를 규명함으로써 서로 다른

The purpose of this study was to measure the effects of attitude toward fish eating, Health involvement and convenience on the relationship between fish consumption and age. A total of 235 questionnaires were completed. Structural equation model was used to measure the causal relationships between constructs. Results of the study demonstrated that the structural equation analysis result for the data also indicated excellent model fit. The effects of age on involvement and convenience were statistically significant. The effects of age on attitude and consumption was not statistically significant. As expected, the involvement had a significant effect on attitude and consumption. The attitude and convenience had a significant effect on consumption. The effect of involvement on convenience was not statistically significant. Moreover, the attitude, involvement and convenience played a mediating role in the relationship between consumption and age. The involvement played a mediating role in the relationship between attitude and age. The involvement played no mediating role in the relationship between convenience and age. The attitude and convenience played no mediating role in the relationship between consumption and involvement.