본 연구는 병원간호사의 조직몰입 및 관련요인에 대한 선행연구를 체계적으로 고찰하고 메타분석을 시행하고자 한다. 이를 통해 병원간호사의 조직몰입에 대한 연구동향과 유효한 변수를 규명하고자 하 며, 간호사의 조직몰입 향상을 위한 전략 및 중재개발의 기초를 제공하고자 한다. 본 연구는 2008~2018년 발표된 연구에 대한 문헌고찰과 메타상관 분석을 실시하여 병원간호사의 조직몰입과 관 련된 요인들을 분석하였다. PRISMA표를 활용하여 연구에 대한 스크리닝과 질적 평가를 시행하였고, 최종 144개의 논문을 추출하였다. 조직몰입과 관련해서는 45개의 변수가 유의미하게 분류되었으며, Schaufeli’s Energy Compass Model에 따라 이 변수들을 6개 그룹(직무요구, 직무자원, 참여형 리더 십, 개인적 자원, 피고용인의 웰빙, 직무성과)으로 분류하였다. 이들 중 직무요구를 제외한 5개 범주가 조직몰입과 일정 정도의 강한 상관관계를 보였다. 또한, 조직몰입과 긍정적인 직무성과 간에는 강한 정(+)적 상관관계가 발견되었다. 본 연구 결과, 병원간호사의 조직몰입과 직무자원 간에는 상관관계가 존재한다는 것이 규명되었다. 본 연구 결과는 향후 병원간호사의 조직몰입을 높이기 위한 프로그램 개발 및 연구에 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다

This study measured the suspended fungal concentration in indoor multiple facilities nationwide. The regions were selected as representative cities by region: Seoul, Gyeonggi (Incheon), Gangwon, Gwangju, Daejeon, and Busan. A total of 2028 regional comparisons, including department stores, schools, public toilets, libraries, and banks, subway, sports facilities and comparative analysis were conducted for each multi-use facility industry. Among the nationwide, Among the regions, the average concentration of floating mold in indoor multi-use facilities was the lowest in Busan at 394.67 CFU/m3, followed by Gyeonggi and Incheon 487.90 CFU/m3, Seoul 542.84 CFU/m3, Daejeon 809.30 CFU/m3, Gangwon 1,145.22 CFU/m3, Gwangju was 1,371.10 CFU/m3 in the order. Busan was the lowest, and Gangwon was the highest. The reason that Busan, which has a high average temperature and population density, shows a lower mold concentration than Gangwon, is that floating mold in the indoor air is not affected by the external atmospheric environment, population density, and number of facility users. Although it cannot be said that there is no influence of the atmospheric environment, it was found that the indoor environment has different characteristics from the outdoor environment. The importance of air quality management has been confirmed, and further, it is necessary to subdivide the management standards by region and multi-use facilities, and the management standards need to be converted to maintenance rather than recommendations.

김소월의 시 가운데 노래로 새로이 태어난 것이 많다는 데 주목하여 시와 노래, 문학과 음악이 어떤 관계를 형성하는지 살펴보고, 이를 통해 이 둘을 근본적인 관점에서 새로이 사유할 수 있는지 검토하였다. 김소월 의 시 가운데 김순남의 작곡으로 새로이 가곡으로 탄생한 작품이 꽤 있으니 이들이 만든 시와 가곡을 유사한 층위에서 조명하며 음악이 문학의 특성을 어떻게 음악으로 받아들이는지, 아울러 문학은 음악과 어떤 유사성을 지니는지 살핀 것이다. 김소월의 시는 감정을 분출하면서도 억제하여 독자에게 감동을 주기에 충분하였고, 김순남의 곡은 시의 분위기를 그대로 활용하면서도 적절한 변용을 가함으로써 시와는 독립적으로 존재하고 기능하는 노래와 음악의 의의를 창출하는 데 충분하였다. 이 논문에서는 ｢산유화｣와 ｢진달래꽃｣과 는 ｢초혼｣을 살펴보는 작업을 통해 김소월의 시와 김순남의 가곡의 관계를 좀더 면밀하게 탐구해보고, 이를 통해 시와 노래의 관계에 대한 좀더 의미 있는 결과를 제출하고자 하였다. 기초적인 작업인 까닭에 시와 노래의 상관성에 대한 현대적인 논의의 토대를 마련하는 예비적인 연구라 할 수 있을 것이다. 그러나 이러한 상호 융합적인 연구를 통해 시와 노래의 상관성의 관계가 좀더 깊이있게 논의될 수 있는 토대로서는 적지 않은 의미를 지닐 수 있으리라 생각된다.

PURPOSE: 본 연구의 목적은 둥근어깨자세(round shoulder posture)와 전방머리자세 (forward head posture)에 따라 폐활량 측정과 산소포화도 및 횡격막 움직임 크기의 상관관계를 알아보는 것이다. METHODS: 연구의 대상은 만성 심장질환 및 호흡기 질환을 가지고 있거나, 정신적, 인지적 장애가 있는 자, 척추옆굽음증(scoliosis)이 있는 자, 목과 갈비뼈 손상이나 수술 병력이 없는 50명의 자원한 사람으로 선정되었습니다. 통계분석은 피어슨(Pearson)의 상관분석을 실시한다. RESULTS:둥근어깨자세는 FVC,FEV1,FEV1/FVC%,PEF 에 대해 양의 상관계수를 보이고 이중 PEF가 가장 상관성이 높았다(p<.05). 횡격막 움직임의 크기(DMD)에 대해서도 양의 상관계수를 보였다. 그러나 TAD(table acromion distance)와는 음의 상관관계를, SPO2는 PM/C7~acro, TAD(table acromion distance) 둘다 음의 상관관계가 나타났다(P>.05). 전방머리자세는 CVA와 CRA 모두 FVC,FEV1,FEV1/FVC, PEF 비율에 대해 유의한 상관관계가 없다(p>.05). CRA와 DMD에는 유의한 차이가 있는 음의 상관관계가 나타났지만(p<.05), CVA와 DMD에는 유의한 상관관계가 발견되지 않았다. 또한 CVA와 CRA 모두 SPO2에 대해 유의한 상관관계가 없다(p>.05). CONLUSION: 결론적으로 전방머리자세의 각도와 둥근어깨 자세에 따라 폐활량과 횡격막 움직임에 영향을 미친다는 것을 확인 할 수 있었다. 하지만 좀더 많은 인원과 대상자들의 경직된 자세에 대해 제한할 방법을 추가적으로 찾을 필요가 있다.

Phosphate coating is applied to the surface of the round bar material used in the multi-stage cold forging process for the purpose of lubrication. The film characteristics are determined according to the conditions of the phosphate film treatment process. In this study, the film properties according to the phosphate treatment conditions were defined as the coefficient of repeated friction and quantitative analysis was performed. Different friction behaviors were exhibited depending on the film properties, suggesting that optimization of the phosphate film treatment conditions is possible based on this. Finally, as a practical example, friction behavior according to the film characteristics was applied to the automotive engine bolt forming process. As a final conclusion, the need for linkage analysis with phosphating conditions for optimizing the forging process was raised. In addition, it can be seen that damage to the phosphate film should be considered in the process of predicting the limiting life of the die.

This study was performed to develop a Kdiet-index based on the definitions and characteristics of traditional Korean food. The Korean Food Pattern Index (Kdiet-index) for diseases was applied using dietary data from the 2017 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) and the association between Kdiet-index and metabolic disease was confirmed. The study subjects were 1,971 Korean adults aged >40, and the components were classified according to 14 criteria used to establish the Kdiet-index. Main ingredients up to the top 3 were designated using dish names, ingredients, and contents using KNHANES dietary data. Kdiet-index was classified using scores of ≤3 points, 4-7 points, and ≥8 points and total Kdietindex were calculated by summing dietary scores. Correlations between Kdiet-index and obesity, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes were analyzed. The odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for obesity were 0.531, 0.385~0.732 and for elevated cholesterol (≥240 mg/dL) indices were 0.471, 0.282~0.788, respectively, which showed a significant decreased in the risk for each disease for Kdiet-index of ≥8 points. This study confirms that metabolically related clinical results improved significantly as Kdiet-index increased and that higher Korean food pattern indices are associated with lower risks of metabolic disease

The epidemiological associations between poultry farm biosecurity measures and the 2016/18 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) epidemics were evaluated using a multivariate logistic model. In the model, 11 biosecurity measures were used as independent variables in the model: a security fence to keep wild birds out of the farm, a security gate on the farm, a farm signboard, number of footbaths for disinfecting footwear, number of anterooms, U-shaped disinfection farm gate, a tunnel-shaped disinfection farm gate, a high-pressure disinfectant fogging farm gate, disinfectant booth for farm workers and visitors, high-pressure disinfectant sprayer in the farm, and personnel disinfectant sprayer in the farm. Two hundred and eighty-eight poultry farms (144 HPAI-confirmed and 144 non-confirmed) were used as the dependent variable. The numbers of footbaths and anterooms were converted to a categorical measurement format using a general additive model. The likelihood of an HPAI outbreak in a poultry farm with a fence to prevent contact between wild birds and domestic fowl was less than that of farms without a fence (OR: 0.54, P value: 0.01). The Akaike information criterion score of the multivariate model (370.91) was less than that of the univariate logistic model for each biosecurity measure. From an HPAI control perspective, it is recommended for poultry farmers to construct a wild bird-proof fence to decrease the HPAI outbreak risk.

As modern society has emerged and developed, the subway has established itself as a representative means of transportation in the city due to its speed, accuracy, and accessibility. According to the Indoor Air Quality Management Act, underground stations have established and managed the maintenance and recommendation standards for PM10, PM2.5, CO2, CO, HCHO, NO2, Rn, VOCs However, th the standards for airborne mold has not been applied for subway stations even though management for the health effect of exposure to mold is necessay. In this study, the correlation with major contributing factors was analyzed by measuring the concentration of airborne molds in the indoor air of underground stations and through literature research. It was confirmed that there was a correlation between the concentration of airborne molds in subway stations and the major contributing factors. As a result of the analysis, it was found that the concentration of airborne molds became higher as the location of the platform became deeper underground, during periods of congestion, and especially in summer. There was no significant correlation with the year of construction. Our findings indicate that appropriate management measures should be devised in response to such contributing factors.

이 논문은 대중음악의 리듬에 큰 영향을 끼친 펑크 리듬과 아프로 큐반 리듬을 구조적 관점으로 분석하여 그 연관성과 응용과정을 연구하였다. 펑크 리듬은 1965년 제임스 브라운과 그의 밴드들 에 의해 발생 및 발전되었으며, 아프리카에서 온 흑인들에게 영향을 받은 라틴 음악의 리듬을 미 국 대중음악에 적용하고 융합하여 만들어 낸 리듬이다. 대중음악 리듬에 큰 영향을 끼치고 있는 펑크 리듬의 발생과 발전에 대해 체계적으로 분석하여, 리듬의 응용과 융합 방법의 원리를 제시하 는 것이 이 연구의 목적이다. 연구 방법은 대중음악 리듬의 혁명으로 불리는 1960년대 중반 이후 의 제임스 브라운의 앨범에 정착된 펑크 리듬과 아프로 큐반 음악의 리듬 구조를 비교하여 연관성 을 분석하였고, 대중음악 리듬으로 응용 및 적용하는 과정에 대해 추론하였다. 연구 결과 아프로 큐반의 대표적인 리듬들과 대중음악에서 사용되는 펑크의 중심 리듬에서 그 연관성을 찾을 수 있 었으며, 특히 드럼의 킥 패턴과 킥과 스네어 드럼 조합의 패턴을 응용하여 대중음악 리듬으로 만 들었다는 것을 도출해 내었다. 마지막으로 이 방법을 활용하여 좀 더 많은 전통 리듬들을 응용하 여 새로운 대중음악의 리듬을 응용하고 만들어내는 가능성을 제시하였다.

Safety for the radioactive waste disposed of in the disposal facility should be secured through safety assessment in consideration of the various situations. In this study, the influence and correlation of EDTA and ISA, which are the factors that can impede the safety of the disposal facility, were analyzed using the PHREEQC computational code. Thermodynamic database (TDB) of Andra, specific ion interaction theory (SIT) model as ionic strength correction model, radionuclides (Ni, Am, Pu) were adopted to perform the calculation on the distribution of chemical species by pH. According to the results, EDTA dominated the system and the effect of ISA is relatively small for the distribution of the chemical species of divalent and trivalent cations in neutral and weak base conditions. In the case of the tetravalent cations, the effect of ISA increased compared to the previous case especially in the strong base conditions. In conclusion, EDTA has a more significant effect on the system than ISA under the environment of the domestic disposal facility. Furthermore, when EDTA and ISA are present simultaneously in the system, the effects of two materials are inversely proportional and this characteristic should be considered during the safety assessment.

Kori and Wolsong unit 1 were permanently shutdown in 2017 and 2019, respectively. During the decommissioning of a nuclear power plant, various types and levels of decommissioning waste will be generated sporadically in many areas in a relatively short period of time, so safe management of decommissioning waste is expected to emerge as a very important issue in the future. Since Korea has no experience in decommissioning nuclear power plants, radionuclides added by abnormal routes or errors in data can be identified through the list of expected nuclides and radioactivity data during decommissioning by analyzing cases of overseas nuclear power plants decommissioning. Therefore, it is expected that safety information of nuclear power plants in the United States (i.e. all information related to safety, such as radioactive waste characteristics and accident or decommissioning information at nuclear power plants) can be utilized when decommissioning Korea nuclear power plants. Therefore, in this study, the characteristics of solid radioactive waste were analyzed by collecting solid radioactive waste data during operation and after permanent shutdown of nine PWR nuclear power plants in the United States, and the correlation between the characteristics data of solid radioactive waste was analyzed. However, in the case of Korea, only data from the United States were analyzed because there was no data for each radionuclide that were disclosed when disposing of radioactive waste in LILW repository and there was no nuclear power plant that had been decommissioned. Correlation analysis of solid radioactive waste was performed by linking radioactivity of radionuclides, volume of waste, and total radioactivity data based on decommissioning work and accident data after permanent shutdown or during operation. The correlation analysis of total radioactivity, volume, and radioactivity of each nuclide of solid radioactive waste during operation and after permanent shutdown was performed using XLSTAT, an Excel add-in software, for carrying out Mann-Kendall Test and estimating Sen’s slope. Trends during operation and after permanent shutdown were compared and the effects of specific events or tasks were analyzed. This study is expected to be utilized as basic data related to safety management of decommissioning Korea nuclear power plants in future.

Abstract In this study, micro-defects on/in carbon fibers were modified by irradiation with an electron beam, which improved the mechanical strength of single carbon fibers. The electron beam irradiation was 10 kGy (using a 1.5 MeV accelerator in the air). The total doses ranged from 100 to 500 kGy. The tensile strength of the single carbon fiber was measured using a universal testing machine. The micro-defects on the fiber surface were observed with scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy, and those in the fiber were evaluated by Raman spectroscopy. In conclusion, the electron beam treatment produced changes in the micro-defects on/in the carbon fibers, resulting in up to 14% improvement in the tensile strength of single carbon fiber.

목적 : 본 연구는 중년기 성인의 감각 처리 능력과 직무 스트레스 및 여가활동 정도를 알아보고, 감각 처 리에 따른 직무 스트레스 및 여가활동 및 수면과의 상관성을 규명하여 중년기 성인에서의 감각 통합의 중요성을 강조하고자 한다. 연구방법 : 청소년/성인 감각 프로파일을 이용하여 40-50대의 중년기의 성인 남자 107명, 여자 100명을 대상으로 감각 처리 능력과 직무 스트레스 및 여가활동을 평가하였다. 결과 : 첫째, 중년기 성인의 ‘감각등록 저하’, ‘감각 민감’ 및 ‘감각 회피’는 ‘대부분의 사람들과 유사’한 양 상을 나타냈지만, ‘감각 찾기’는 대부분의 사람들보다 감각 자극을 적게 받아들이는 것으로 나타났다. 둘 째, 중년기 성인의 감각 처리, 직무 스트레스, 여가활동과의 상관관계 결과, ‘감각 찾기’에 적극적인 사람 들이 스트레스가 적고 여가활동에 더 많이 참여하는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 중년기 성인의 감각 처리와 직무 스트레스, 수면과의 상관관계 결과, ‘감각등록 저하’와 ‘감각 민감’이 높을수록 직무 스트레스가 높 게 나타나 수면 부족이 중년기의 감각 통합 활동과 직무 스트레스에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 결론 : 본 연구를 통해 감각 처리 능력이 중년기의 삶의 만족도를 높이기 위한 중요한 요소이며, ‘감각 찾 기’가 직무 스트레스와 여가활동의 참여와 관련이 있었음을 알 수 있었다.