In-beop-dang (因法堂) is a building type that can confirm the complex space composition of the hermitage in the late Joseon Period, which is designed to accommodate various functions such as Buddhist priesthood, living spaces, and auditoriums. These facts have been confirmed mainly through plan analysis in many previous researches. However, such a plan composition has the potential to lead to more in-depth research when dealt with consideration of the Korean traditional wooden structure. In particular, the composition of upper structure in In-beop-dang with Toi-maru in front of the On-dol room can be considered from the perspective of structural response to wooden architecture in the Joseon period after the introduction of Toi-maru. Based on the achievements of these prior studies, this paper was conducted to examine the compositional characteristics, including the upper structure of the Wha-jang-am (華藏庵) In-beop-dang. In order to examine the universal aspects of structural type changes to cope with the complex spatial composition of the In-beop-dang, the cases of an in-mountain hermitage of Kim Nyong-sa(金龍寺) Temple, Geum-seon-dae (金仙臺), Yang-jin-am (養眞庵), and Dae-sung-am (大成庵).

2022 marks the thirtieth year of diplomatic relations between China and South Korea. Two countries’ relations are not only one of the most important state-to-state relations in East Asia, but also important relations that attract the attention of all over the world. This research used CiteSpace 5.8.R3 software to extract relevant papers on China-Korea relations from CNKI, a representative academic database in China. By extracting authors, institutions, keywords and other elements, this research focused on how the research on China-Korea relations in CAC is carried out and what kind of characteristics it has. This research found that in terms of the total amount, the number of academic achievements of CAC on China-Korea relations is not large, and China-Korea relations have not been the main focus of the CAC. From the perspective of scholars and institutions, CAC have not yet formed a core scholar and core scientific research institution. Judging from the keyword analysis, CAC have involved various fields of China-Korea relations, but their focus was mainly on the major events that happened each year, scholars’ vision was not broad enough, meanwhile the focus did not last long enough.

In the modern society, the sports industry is becoming an important industry that plays an important role in cultural exchange and economic development between countries. Along with this, the size of sports equipment manufacturers is also increasing, and especially in the archery field, domestic companies occupy a high share in the global market. However, in the case of precision accessories, foreign products are imported and used. Among the precision archery accessories, the cushion plunger is subjected to repetitive loads, and the surface damage due to wear affects the accuracy of the archery, so fatigue and wear analysis taking this into account are required. In this paper, a friction simulation was performed to calculate the fatigue life and wear amount of the cushion plunger among the precision archery accessories, and the validity of the analysis model was evaluated by comparing the friction test results.

The research aimed to develop a high-efficiency plate-type heat exchanger for exhaust gas using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) thermal analysis based on the plate shape, and to identify the optimal shape. Following this, a water/air plate heat exchanger was manufactured, and its characteristics were studied experimentally. As the Re number increases on the gas (or air) side, the heat transfer rate increases significantly, whereas an increase in the Re number on the water side leads to a smaller increase in heat transfer. This is attributed to the larger convective heat resistance on the gas side, causing a substantial reduction in gas-side heat resistance as gas velocity increases, resulting in a considerable overall reduction in heat resistance. The fluid flow pressure drop showed similar results between the CFD calculations and experimental outcomes.

The economic harm and survival fear caused by environmental conflicts are most likely to become the psychological lever to drive individuals to adopt environmentally friendly behaviours. From the perspective of environmental conflict, this paper will explore the transmission mechanism of environmental conflict on individuals’ pro-environmental behaviour through three experiments.

This research not only determined the preference of fashion brand distribution channels of active Korean and Chinese seniors who became major consumers in the fashion industry, but also analyzed the effect on these preferences and choices of distribution channels depending on personal consumption characteristics and differences between the two groups. Data was collected by a professional survey firm. SPSS 24.0 and AMOS 24.0 were used for empirical analysis, and frequency analysis, multiple response analysis, EFA, reliability analysis, CFA, SEM, and multiple-group comparison analysis were performed. As a result of multiple response analysis, the offline channel was revealed as the preferred fashion distribution channel for active Korean and Chinese seniors; the second most popular was the online channel. The results of multiple-group comparison analysis reveal differences between two groups in seeking emotional consumption via the offline channel; the effect was only evident for active Korean seniors. A difference in seeking emotional consumption via preference for online channel also existed, but only for active Chinese seniors. For these reasons, marketers targeting active Korean seniors will be effective to not only offer brand information by fashion display to let seniors understand the fashion brand, but also to have brand events to form positive emotions toward the fashion brand. Moreover, targeting active Chinese seniors will be necessary to transmit brand sensibility by utilizing metaverse marketing comprising various factors, so that consumers can enjoy the fashion brand.

중국 랴오닝성 조양시 카좌지역은 자사문화가 농후하고 역사가 유구하며 풍부한 자사광물자원과 심원한 자사역사를 갖고있으며 북방 자사의 대표이기도 하다. 현지의 지역문화는 당대 자사기물의 조형에 중요한 영향을 주었으며 카좌지역의 자사공 예대사는 현지의 우수한 문화유물을 계승한 기초에서 자사기물의 조형면에서 이론과 실천상의 끊임없는 탐색을 하였다. 이것은 오랜 제작공예와 현대조형예술이 완벽하게 결합되여 카좌 지방특색을 띤 자사기물조형을 형성하였다. 비록 카좌자사산업의 발전은 비교적 늦었지만 그 자사산업의 기원은 일찍 홍산문화시기로 거슬러올라갈수 있다. 유구한 역사적배경으로 하여 카좌자사기물의 조형은 일정한 연구가치가 있다. 전체 문장은 주로 두개 방면으로 논술하였다. 제1 부분에서는 카좌지역의 각 시기 자사의 발전배경에 대해 간략하게 소개한다. 제2 부분은 카좌 현지 문화유물이 카좌자사 기물의 조 형에 준 영향을 주요내용으로 한다. 각 시기 당지의 문화유물 을 주요원소로 하여 당대의 카좌자사기물조형에서 응용한 과정을 분석하여 카좌지역의 대표성을 띤 자사기물조형을 형성하였다. 또한 문물의 역사와 조형 방면에 대해 개술하고 조형요소를 응용한 자사기물이 대표하는 의의와 존재가치에 대해 깊이 있는 분석을 진행하였다. 그리고 몽골족을 주체로 한 현지 민족문화가 카좌자사 기물조형에 준 영향을 분석하였으며 몽골족 특유의 옷고름 장식, 민족악기, 건축풍격 등 조형요소를 카좌 당대의 자사기물 조형에 응용하였다. 이는 카좌자사공예의 전시일뿐만아니라 몽골족의 민족특색을 전승하는 중요한 담체로서 자사공예와 민족문화가 완벽하게 융합되었다.

본 연구는 전자 센서를 이용하여 다양한 추출방법에 따른 무 추출물들의 향미 특성을 조사하였다. 무의 신맛은 무 흰색 부위의 열수 추출물이 6.9의 센서 값을 나타내어 가장 높았다. 신맛은 8.0의 센서 값을 나타내어 무 초록색 부위의 콜드 브루 추출물이 가장 높았다. 감칠맛은 무 흰색 부위의 열수 추출물이 8.3의 센서 값을 나타내어 가장 높았다. 단맛은 무 초록색 부위의 콜드 브루 추출물이 6.8 의 센서 값으로 가장 높은 값을 나타내었고, 쓴맛은 무 초록색 부위의 고온 가압 추출물이 7.5의 센서 값으로 가장 높은 값을 나타내었다. 전자코를 이용하여 무 추출물들에서 총 16개의 휘발성 향기성분을 확인하였다. 무 추출물 속 휘발성 향기성분들 중 methanethiol이 주요한 향기성분으로 확인되었다. 본 연구에서 확인된 결과들은 무 추출 물의 향미 특성에 대한 기초 연구 자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

Recently, with the development of ultra-precision technology, the quality improvement of optical parts and various products is emerging. The need for a difficult-to-cut material that is light and exhibits high hardness and high strength physical properties is being emphasized. Ultra-precision machining processing solutions for these difficult-to-cut materials are being actively developed. In this research, experiments were performed using a DTM machine equipped with a laser-assisted machining module for ultra-precision machining of CaF2 materials that are brittle but exhibit high transmittance in a wide range from ultraviolet to infrared.

“Chao Xian Guan Yi Yu” is included in the C version of “Hua Yi Yi Yu”, recorded more than five hundred vocabularies about astronomy, geography, hunman affairs and so on in Ming dynasty. The material were all written by Chinese characters. It is not only the vital material for researching Korean language, but also an important clue for the study of official phonetics in Ming Dynasty. Until now most of the relative research are concentrated on Korean phonetics part. Ming dynasty's Chinese characters and phonetics are saved in “Chao Xian Guan Yi Yu". At the same time, as officially translated document uses characters for recording Chinese phonetic and vocabulary information, reflecting the situation of Mandarin at that time. The purpose of this paper is to study the accurate time of the book, background and the characteristics of Mandarin phonetics and vocabulary at the time of “Chao Xian Guan Yi Yu” based on the phonetics and vocabulary provided in the data, and determine that which Mandarin was offically used at that time through the phonetic and vocabulary of Chinese. 저

Fisheries policies are diversifying, including welfare programs for fishermen, revitalization of earfish and villages, and support for the sixth industrialization of fishing villages. In response to these policy changes, the purpose of this study is to categorize the fishing village fraternity, which is a local community, a fishery production organization, and a basic unit of a fishing village, and compares the characteristics of each type A number of indicators were selected by collecting data on the Categorization and evaluation of fishing villages fraternity and the statistical geographic information service. A number of indicators were extracted as representative factor variables using the principal component analysis, and then cluster analysis was performed to categorize the fishing village fraternity. This study was the first to attempt a comprehensive approach to revitalize the fishing village economy by using not only demographic and social characteristics, industrial and economic characteristics, but also regional characteristics. The characteristics of each type of fishing village fraternity find its significance in that it provides basic information that can be used in policy decisions. In order to strengthen the sustainability of the fishing community in the future and contribute to the sustainable development at the national level, the development of sustainable fishing village fraternity development indicators and follow-up studies on fishing village regeneration strategies will be needed.

본 연구에서는 최근 가속화되고 있는 기후변화로 인하여 쇠퇴가 우려되는 설악산 분비나무림을 대상으로 식물사회학적 연구를 수행하였다. 현장조사에서 획득된 70개 방형구 조사결과에 대해 TWINSPAN 기법을 이용하여 군락을 분류하고, DCA 방법으로 서열을 분석한 후 각 군락이 갖는 특성을 분석하였다. 설악산 분비나무림은 4개 군락(분비나무-댕댕이나무군 락, 분비나무-시닥나무군락, 분비나무-당단풍나무군락, 분비나무-거제수나무군락)으로 구분되었다. 각 군락은 입지에 따라 분포 유형을 달리하였으며, 이는 해발고도, 사면 등 입지환경에 따라 서로 다른 미소환경이 형성됨으로써 종조성이 달리지기 때문이다. 각 군락은 분포 고도, 암석비율, 토양특성, 낙엽층 두께 등의 환경에서 차이를 보였으며, 그 결과로 종구성의 차이뿐만 아니라 출현종수 및 개체수, 식피율, 수목규격, 종다양도 등에서 군락 간 유의미한 차이를 보였다. 분비나무-댕댕이나 무군락과 분비나무-시닥나무군락은 높은 고도의 암석비율이 높은 곳에 입지하며 교목층 발달이 미약하였다. 반면, 분비나무-당 단풍나무군락과 분비나무-거제수나무군락은 분포 고도가 상대적으로 낮고 토양비율이 높았으며, 교목층이 발달하고 종다양도가 높게 나타났다.

Jaemulbo (Caiwupu) is a dictionary rich in words, and has the nature of an encyclopedia. Giving a brief description of the collection and interpretation of the terms of plants and animals and observing the acceptance of the Chinese characters and words in the Korean Peninsula, this article singles out four myeongmul (meibutsu) words for textual research in order to observe the characteristics of vocabulary spread to ancient Korea. It has four main objectives. The first is to support the authoritative theory. The second is to ignore character and word relationships that lead to errors although scholars know that glyphs can be used universally. The third is to be cautious not to follow them blindly. The last is to influence the culture of the nation’s famous objects. It is expected that this research can make a significant contribution to the future studies on the spread of Chinese characters.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of the characteristics of the company or the characteristics of the project participants on the process quality of automotive parts development. In this study, an empirical study was conducted on more than 50 researchers who participated in the development of automotive electric/electronic parts. As a result, it was statistically verified that the quality of the consulting project was significantly influenced by the characteristics of company or participants. According to the results of this study, in order to improve the performance of ASPICE or ISO 26262-related consulting project, a different consulting approach strategy considering the characteristics of organization and personnel is needed. In addition, this study suggests characteristics of process quality and its relevant consulting strategy according to supply chain configuration.

The purpose of this research is to investigate characteristics of science content knowledge and pedagogical content knowledge shown in the primary school science classes. Through analysis of classroom teaching, explore the features and differences between primary and secondary school science PCK. Using open-ended interviews with the teachers and group discussions on a regular basis to analyze and compare classes of five primary school teachers, the relationship between CK and PCK. Regardless of the school level the teacher's PCK and professionalism is required with varying focus and emphasis. The features of the primary school teacher's PCK are as follows: Firstly, elementary teach secondary teach content, teachers value pedagogical knowledge (PK) content knowledge (CK). The primary school PCK requires more of understanding of students and teaching methods that to subject areas. PCK be without content knowledge, and the teacher's PCK is subject-specific In addition to the characteristics of PCK in the primary school science teaching, ways to set up professional exchange or collaboration between primary and secondary teachers, and to provide supplementary in-service training focused on content knowledge for primary school teachers.