In this paper, we conducted a survey to reveal the general perception of parents toward outdoor air quality, particulate matter (PM), and indoor air quality (IAQ) at schools where their children attend. A total of 1,030 parents participated in this survey, where the age of their children ranged between 7 years to over 19 years of age. Each participant was either a member of a non-governmental organization (NGO) with a keen interest in air quality or an ordinary public panel member with less interest. The result of the survey indicated that the participants had a negative perception of air quality, and parents believed that the outdoor and indoor air is extremely polluted. The participants pointed out that they believe that the main reason for the pollution is due to particulate matter (PM) and school classrooms are the location where their children are exposed to PM the most. Based on our study, the majority of the participants prefer a mechanical ventilation system to reduce indoor air pollutants in schools. Our study should be referred to by school officials in order to maintain IAQ and as a way of addressing the concerns of parents who want to protect their children’s health.

이 연구는 국가 수준 영어 교육과정에서 지도하도록 의도하고 있는 어휘, 문법, 의사소통기능, 내용 요소 등을 아우르고 있는 중학교 영어 교과서의 본문에 대해 질문 중심 하브루타 형식의 토론을 통해 학생들의 이해 수준을 심화하고, 본문의 내용을 확장한 주제로 과정 중심의 영어 작문을 지도했을 때, 영어 쓰기에 대한 학생들의 인식과 자아효능감에 구체적으로 어떠한 영향을 주는지 알아보고자 했다. 이를 위해, 질문 중심의 하브루타와 과정 중심 쓰기 지도 방법에 이론적 토대를 두고 3단계로 설계된 GROWTH라는 수업 모형을 고안했고, 2017년 3월부터 11월까지, 서울 서부에 소재한 중학교 3학년 두 학급의 학생 54명을 대상으로 수업시간 중 해당 수업모형을 적용했다. 수업모형 적용 전후, 설문을 실시한 결과, 해당 수업 모형은 짝‧모둠 중심의 토의·토론에 대한 학생들의 인식에 긍정적인 영향을 주었고, 영어 쓰기에 대한 학생들의 자아효능감을 향상시켰으며, 학생들로 하여금 영어 쓰기를 시도하고 연습하는 것의 중요성을 일깨웠음이 드러났다. 이와 같은 연구 결과는 중학교 수업 현장에서 과정 중심 수행평가의 일환으로 보다 적극적으로 영어 쓰기를 지도할 필요가 있음을 시사한다.

This study investigated and reported the results of the distribution of in air particulate matter concentration inside school classrooms where children, who are known to be environmentally vulnerable, spend the most time after home. The objective of this study is to provide basic data for future studies related to indoor air quality in Yeongwol county and studies for improving school environment. The study investigated the levels of the concentration distribution of PM10 and PM2.5 in classrooms at 19 different elementary schools based in Yeongwol county from December 12 to 19, 2016. In the classrooms of the elementary schools in Yeongwol county, the pooled average concentration of PM10 and PM2.5 was 11.9 μg/m³ and 4.2 μg/m³, respectively. These concentration rates were lower than those of PM10 and PM2.5 surveyed in classrooms of elementary schools based in other regions of Korea. Further, they did not exceed 100 μg/m³, the PM10 guideline concentration provided by the School Health Act. The study results revealed that the winter concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 in air inside classrooms of elementary schools based in Yeongwol county were influenced more by indoor sources such as indoor residents rather than outdoor sources.

The purpose of this research is to investigate characteristics of science content knowledge and pedagogical content knowledge shown in the primary school science classes. Through analysis of classroom teaching, explore the features and differences between primary and secondary school science PCK. Using open-ended interviews with the teachers and group discussions on a regular basis to analyze and compare classes of five primary school teachers, the relationship between CK and PCK. Regardless of the school level the teacher's PCK and professionalism is required with varying focus and emphasis. The features of the primary school teacher's PCK are as follows: Firstly, elementary teach secondary teach content, teachers value pedagogical knowledge (PK) content knowledge (CK). The primary school PCK requires more of understanding of students and teaching methods that to subject areas. PCK be without content knowledge, and the teacher's PCK is subject-specific In addition to the characteristics of PCK in the primary school science teaching, ways to set up professional exchange or collaboration between primary and secondary teachers, and to provide supplementary in-service training focused on content knowledge for primary school teachers.

This study attempts to investigate the impact of pollution by VOCs at schools located around Shihwa national industrial complex. Schools around the Shihwa national industrial complex were divided into two categories based on location, with five schools located near the industrial complex and five schools located near housing development. Samples of the indoor air and the outdoor air were collected from each classified school and analyzed to evaluate the impact of the industrial complex on each school through a comparison and to find the correlation between them. In combination with this, this study attempted to conduct comparative evaluations of the schools in which there might be relatively higher indoor air pollution since new construction and extension or remodelling had recently been carried out with other schools. The samples collected from 10 places in total were analyzed, using GC/MS. TVOCs, and individual component of VOCs, were detected in the schools near shihwa national industrial complex at higher levels than in the schools nearby housing development. TVOCs were detected at the schools in the industrial complex st levels of 166.5 μg/m3, that is, about 1.5 times higher than the level detected at the schools outside the industrial complex. TVOCs were found in the indoor air of the schools that had been extended or remodelled less than 3 years ago at levels of 188.8 μg/m3, while in schools where more than 3 years had passed since extention or remodelling they were found at levels of 97.5 μg/m3, meaning they were about 1.9 times higher in schools in the first 3 years.

남자고등학교 교실에서 발생하는 냄새(발냄새, 머리냄새, 쉰냄새, 땀냄새)와 대표악취물질(부티르산, 암모니아)에 대한 뇌파반응을 분석하였다. 냄새자극 시험은 30~50대의 여성을 대상으로 수행하였다. 교실냄새와 대표악취물질의 자극에 대한 뇌파 지표들의 변화 경향은 측두엽에서 가장 두드러지게 나타났다. 이들 악취물질의 측두엽에서 반응은 바탕뇌파대비 상대알파파를 0.04~0.13 감소시켰고, 상대베타파 0.02~0.06, 상대감마파를 0.03~0.09 증가시켰다. 교실냄새들과 두 악취물질들은 이완상태를 나타내는 알파파를 감소시켰고, 각성과 긴장 및 스트레스를 나타내는 고베타파(18~30Hz)와 불안과 흥분상태를 나타내는 감마파(30~50Hz)를 활성화시켰다. 냄새물질들의 뇌 각성 및 자극정도는 머리냄새 > 부트르산 > 발냄새, 쉰냄새 > 암모니아> 땀냄새 순이었다. 이러한 결과는 교실냄새가 과도한 각성이나 긴장을 유발하므로 수업 집중력이나 학습능력을 저해할 수 있음을 의미한다.

This study aims to investigate and analyze the differences in each background variable of high school students’ attitude toward and satisfaction with PE classes in block-time system, a method of class form by 2009 Revised Curriculum and to seek for a plan

This paper investigated the tearn-teaching at three primary schools in Korea. The data consisted of classroom audio-recordings, in-class observations and post-observation interviews. This study first examined the degree to which Teaching English through English (TEE) was practiced by Native English Teachers (NETs) and Korean English Teachers (KETs) and the extent to which each case fit five conditions for optimal language learning environments: interaction with an authentic audience; opportunity for the negotiation of meaning; exposure to creative and varied L2; production of creative and varied L2; and engagement in authentic tasks (Egbert & Hanson-Smith, 1999). The main findings were that in five different observation sites, as expected, L I was rarely used in NET classes, but was used in 28% of utterances in KET classes, often to perform functions for which L2 English could have easily been used. In addition, it was found that very few instances of NET or KET classes met any of the five conditions for optimal language learning environments. This research proposes that L2 English be maximized in class, and that teachers pay more attention to creating a learning environment that satisfies the conditions for optimal language learning.

This study was performed to investigate the characteristics of indoor air quality (IAQ) in elementary and middle schools in Gyeongbuk area from July to November 2006 . The measurements of indoor air pollutants were made to cover such components as PM-10, CO2, CO, NO2, O3, HCHO, TVOC, TBC, and Radon from school classrooms. The results of this study can be summarized as follows: all of them were less than IAQ standards of Korea. The mean concentration were measured by 43.0 ㎍/㎥ (PM-10), 745 ppm (CO2), 56.1 ㎍/㎥ (HCHO), 350 CFU/㎥ (TBC), 0.026 ppm (O3), 0.6 ppm (CO), and 59.2 ㎍/㎥ (TVOC). Radon was not detected in all surveyed classrooms. The I/O ratio of PM-10 was 0.8∼1.4, while that for HCHO was 5.7∼9.0. Therefore, it was concluded that the indoor pollution of formaldehyde was very serious in classroom.

한국 사회의 다문화적 변화는 학교 현장에도 나타나고 있으며 특히 초등학교의 문화 다양화는 현저히 빠른 속도로 진행되고 있다. 이러한 상황에서 학교 다문화 교육은 다문화 사회에 살아갈 학생들이 다양한 문화와 공존하기 위해 필요한 다문화 감수성 교육이라는 새로운 과제를 마주하게 되었다. 이에 본 연구는 다문화 사회에 살아갈 초등학생들의 다문 화 감수성 형성에 미치는 학급풍토의 영향을 살펴보고자 하였다. 이를 위해 서울시 공립 초등학교에 재학 중인 6학년 학생 467명을 연구 대상으로 설정하였으며 연구 대상이 지각 하고 있는 학급풍토와 그들의 다문화 감수성을 설문지를 통하여 측정하고 그 관계를 검증 하였다. 분석 결과 학급풍토의 하위요인은 모두 다문화 감수성에 유의미한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 구체적으로 학급의 응집성과 만족도를 높게 지각할수록 학생의 다문화 감수성은 높아졌다(응집성 p<.000, 만족도 p<.000). 반면 학급의 경쟁성, 갈등도, 곤란도는 다문화 감수성에 부정적인 영향을 주고 있었다(경쟁성 p<.05, 곤란도 p<.01, 만족도 p<.01). 이러한 연구 결과에 기반을 두어 연구자는 학급풍토가 다문화 감수성 형성에 유의한 영향 을 미치고 있음을 확인하였으며 학교생활 전반에 걸친 다문화 감수성 교육의 가능성을 제 안하였다. 또한 이를 위하여 다문화 감수성 함양에 긍정적인 영향을 줄 수 있는 사회적 맥 락 구성을 위하여 보다 적극적인 노력이 필요함을 주장하였다.

본 연구는 정책 실시 후 실증적 데이터 분석을 통해 정책 효과를 정확하게 검증하는 것이 정책 발전 측면에서 필요하다는 관점 하에, 교과교실제 정책이 학업성취도에 미치는 영향을 분 석하여 정책적 시사점을 도출하는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 이를 위해 평준화 지역의 일반계 고 등학교를 대상으로 하여 학교정보공시, 교육통계, 국가수준 학업성취도 자료를 연계한 자료를 분석하였다. 분석 방법은 2010∼2012년 국가수준 영어, 수학, 국어 학업성취도 점수를 종속변인 으로 하여 3-수준 다층분석을 수행하였다. 분석 결과, 교과교실제의 효과는 영어 교과에서 유 의미하게 나타났다. 같은 학교 내에서 교과교실제를 운영한 시기가 운영하지 않은 시기보다 영 어 학업성취도가 높았다. 그런데, 이러한 교과교실제의 효과는 정책의 고유 효과라기보다는 교 사 1인당 학생 수, 수업교원의 주당 평균 수업시간, 수업교원의 평균연령, 초빙교원 비율 등과 같은 수업 여건 및 교사 상황을 매개하는 간접 효과인 것으로 나타났다. 국어는 교과교실제의 효과가 유의미하지 않았으나 교사 1인당 학생 수, 수업교원 평균연령, 초빙교원 비율의 변화에 따른 학생의 국어 학업성취도 변화가 유의미하게 나타났다. 반면, 수학에 대해서는 교과교실제 실시 여부에 따른 영향이 나타나지 않았다. 이러한 결과는 교과교실제 정책이 유의미하게 현장 에 작동하기 위해서는 정책 실행에 수반되는 제반 여건과 교사의 상황 등을 종합적으로 검토 하고, 그 제반 여건들을 향상시킬 수 있는 정책이 동시에 수반될 필요가 있음을 시사한다.

This study aims to investigate the indoor air quality by analyzing PM10 concentration and metallic elements collected from high school( classroom, science room, assembly room). PM10 concentration of a classroom, a science room, and an assembly hall during the research period was 87.7 ㎍/m3, 75.3㎍/m3, 64.6㎍/m3, respectively. Si of PM10 had highest concentration with 15,427 ng/m3 followed by Na which had 7,205 ng/m3, and the order was Si>Na>Ca>Mg>Fe>K in the classroom. PM10 concentration of a classroom and a science room was each 104.8 ㎍/m3 and 75.3 ㎍/m3 during the semester and PM10 concentration of a classroom and an assembly hall was each 80.9 ㎍/m3 and 64.6 ㎍/m3 during the summer vacation. Based on PM10 and metallic concentration at a classroom on day of week, the concentration of Friday was highest with 112.0 ㎍/m3, and that of Monday was lowest with 65.3 ㎍/m3.