This study standardized catch per unit effort(CPUE) of the Korean longline fishery, which has been used to assess the status of stock as an index of abundance, for bigeye and yellowfin tunas in the Indian Ocean. The Generalized Linear Model(GLM) was used to analyze the fishery data, which were catch in number and effort data collected each month from 1971 to 2007 by 5 × 5 degree of latitude and longitude. Explanatory variables for the GLM analysis were year, month, fishing area, number of hooks between floats(HBF), and environment factors. The HBF was divided into three classes while the area was divided into eight subareas. Although sea surface temperature(SST) and southern oscillation index(SOI) were considered as environmental factors, only SST was used to build a model based on statistical significance. Standardized CPUE for yellowfin tuna showed a declining trend, while nominal CPUE for the species showed an increasing trend.

This research examined the quality characteristics of orange sauce samples prepared with different sugar contents in order to create a standardized recipe.In the foodservice industry, attempts have been made to make superior sauces, often resulting in error. In this study, different sugar contents were examined for orange sauce to determine why varied results occur during its preparation as well as the best methodology for preparing orange sauce. Quality characteristics such as color differences, spreadability, and pH were analyzed, as well as sensory evaluations of taste, texture, color and overall acceptability. The pH values of the orange sauce samples ranged from 3.6 to 3.63 and after the initial simmering of ingredients, the weight reduction rates of the sauces were 88, 75, 64, 63, and 64% for sugar contents of 200, 300, 400, 500, and 600 g respectively. Hunter’s color L, a, and b values of the samples changed according to the sugar contents after simmering (1st sauce). The L and b values showed similar patterns, where increasing sugar content resulted in higher values; however, in the 2nd sauce, the pattern was reversed. This indicates that the color of the sauce was affected by sugar caramelization during the reduction process; however, the final color was modified by the additions of mayonnaise and butter as well as by aeration. In the sensory evaluation the sample containing 30% sugar (500 g) had significantly higher acceptability scores (p<0.05) for color, mouth feel, appearance, taste, and overall acceptability. Finally, the optimal ingredient ratios of the standardized orange sauce recipe were determine as: 48% total liquid consisting of orange juice and mandarin and orange fruit; 30% sugar; 10% mayonnaise and 11% butter.

Recently Conformity Assessment Scheme has greatly played a role in development of domestic industry. But it has limits in responding to change of environment surrounding standard. Therefore management environment has been changed, standard has been more important, and new treaties as like WTO/TBT have been appeared. In these respects this research tries to analyze the policy trends of developed countries and problems of domestic institutions. And it tries to propose seven plans to progress Conformity Assessment Scheme including improvement of domestic standard system on the basis of analytical implications.

The dried persimmon was effective in caring an inflammation, an ulcer and a burn and preventing hypertension and arteriosclerosis. At the Jejungsinpyun. dried persimmons gruel was beneficial to stomach and intestine and toned down voice. Based on Jejungsinpyuns and Sikryochanyo, dried persimmons gruel was developed for modern people. To standardize the dried persimmons gruel, physical properties and consumer acceptability was examined. The procedures of dried persimmons gruel was to make dried persimmons juice after soaking dried persimmons with same volume water during 24 hr and blending. To decrease the astringent taste of dried persimmons, dried persimmons juice and water with cinnamon (2%) was mixed and simmered during 3 min. Dried persimmons paste with cinnamon was added and the gruel was boiled more during 5 min. dried persimmons gruel was completed. The dried persimmons gruel were divided of 5 groups consisted of each 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 g dried persimmons. As dried persimmons content increased, lightness, apparent viscosity decreased. Acceptability test indicated the sample of dried persimmons : rice ratio at 2 : 5 had the highest overall acceptability and flavor. Considered to each, the sample of the dried persimmons : rice ratio at 2 : 5 met the purpose of the study.

We derive priority decision making on healthcare service technology standardization in the home network through the decision support process with industry professionals. We configured a research group with 4 industrial areas including Industry, Academic,

Three major Asian countries, Korea, China, and Japan, shared 18.3% of global GDP and 14.2% of global trade volume in 2005. When considering this number, cooperation of these three countries is very important. Also, it is needless to say that we need efficient international logistics system in Asia. The key point to realize efficient international logistics system is unit load system utilizing pallets and containers. To build up efficient logistics system among Korea, China, and Japan, we need 'total palletization' with standardized pallets. We may regard 'total palletization' as an 'efficient highway of North-Eastern Asia logistics.' In this study, we will suggest two kinds of effects, which logistics standardization among Korea, China, and Japan will make. One is the effect on economy and trade, and the other is the effect on logistics business and environments.

Three major Asian countries, Korea, China, and Japan, shared 18.3% of global GDP and 14.2% of global trade volume in 2005. When considering this number, cooperation of these three countries is very important. Also, it is needless to say that we need efficient international logistics system in Asia. The key point to realize efficient international logistics system is unit load system utilizing pallets and containers. To build up efficient logistics system among Korea, China, and Japan, we need 'total palletization' with standardized pallets. We may regard 'total palletization' as an 'efficient highway of North-Eastern Asia logistics.' In this study, we will suggest two kinds of effects, which logistics standardization among Korea, China, and Japan will make. One is the effect on economy and trade, and the other is the effect on logistics business and environments.

최근 디지털 방송, DMB, WiBro 등 신규 서비스 개시와 MP3 플레이어, PMP, DMB 단말기 등 휴대형 멀티미디어 기기의 보급 확대로 인해 디지털콘텐츠의 생산, 유통 및 소비의 인프라는 급속하게 확대 발전되고 있다. 이와 관련되어 저작권자들의 지적재산권을 보호해 줄 수 있는 DRM(Digital Rights Management) 기술의 중요성도 함께 증가하고 있으나 정작 저작권자들이 원하는 수준의 콘텐츠 보호에 대한 기술적 토대와 법률적인 안전망은 급격한 환경변화에 적절하게 대처하지 못하고 있는 실정이다. 본고에서는 이러한 관점에서 현존하는 여러 DRM 기술들의 호환성을 위한 DRM 표준화 노력들에 대해 소개하고, 디지털콘텐츠 산업발전과 저작권에 관련된 각 이해 주체들의 이해관계를 해결하기 위한 법적, 제도적 접근방법에 대해 논의한다.

  Glass melting process is influenced by both control and observation factors, where control factors include quantity and mixing ratio of raw material, the amount of fuel and air in-take. Further observation factors include temperature and pressure at eac

지명이란 지표에 나타나는 실체에 대한 명칭이다. 세계화의 진행과 더불어 지명의 중요성과 제정과 폐지와 관련된 절차의 표준화에 대한 논의가 활발하다. 미국과 캐나다의 경우 건국 초기부터 지명과 관련된 조직을 설치하고 지명 제정의 절차와 원칙을 표준화하고 있으며, 유엔지명전문가회의에서도 이를 명문화하고 있다. 따라서 국내 지명의 경우 로마자화 표기 원칙을 개선하고 이를 널리 홍보하며 관련 국제기구에 등록하고 전문적인 문서를 데이터베이스화할 것을 제안한다, 또한 지명위원회를 상설조직화하고, 북한과의 지명관련 협의를 촉진하고 구글어스와 같은 인터넷을 활용하는 국제화와 관련된 노력이 필요할 것을 제안한다.

“표준화 없이는 현대의 경제가 존재할 수 없다(Without standardization there wouldn’t be a modern economy1))”는 말이 있듯이 오늘날 표준화가 차지하는 중요성은 재언을 요하지 않는다. 표준화가 되어 있지 않을 경우 예컨대 첨단 정보기술 및 통신산업은 건강한 발전을 기대할 수 없다. 네트워크산업은 네트워크효과(network effects)가 발생하는데 네트워크효과란 어떤 상품에 대한 소비가 증가함으로써 그 상품에 대한 효용이 증가하는 이른바 소비에 있어서 규모의 경제 즉 외부효과(externalities)가 발생하는 것이다. 표준화가 상당한 친경쟁적 효과도 있으나 표준화 과정에서 반경쟁적 효과가 발생할 가능성도 적지 않다. 첫째 표준화는 관련시장에서 다양한 상품이나 기술이 경쟁하는 것을 막고 단일의 표준을 제시하는 것이기 때문에 표준화 과정에 참여하는 사업자들간 가격의 담합이나 시장의 분할과 같은 전형적인 반경쟁적 담합행위가 발생할 가능성이 있다. 둘째 최근에는 표준화 과정을 왜곡하여 시장지배적 지위를 남용하는 사례가 증가하고 있다. 예컨대 어떤 기술을 표준화하는 경우 표준화 대상 기술의 일부에 대하여 특허를 갖고 있는 사업자는 표준화 과정에서 자신의 특허기술을 공개하지 않고 있다가 표준채택 이후에 특허권을 주장한다든지 자신의 특허기술을 적극적으로 채택되도록 한 다음 비합리적이고 차별적인 라이센스정책을 취함으로써 표준의 채택으로 인한 모든 이익을 배타적으로 향유할 가능성도 있다. 요컨대 표준화 과정에서 발생할 수 있는 친경쟁적 효과와 반경쟁적 효과에 대한 깊이 있는 성찰을 바탕으로 표준화 과정에 대한 공정거래법의 규제범위와 정도에 대한 진지한 논의가 필요하다.

The main objective of this study is to analyze characteristics on the somatotype of modern adult women In order to standardize of products. The sample for this work chosen from data which were collected and measured by Size Korea during two years(2003~2004). In order to analyze feature of the somatotype of modern adult women, analysis was peformed in 1,371 subjects(645 twenties women, 725 thirties women) about 21 body parts such as height(4 parts), width(3 parts), thickness(3 parts), circumference(7 parts), length(3 parts) and body weight. According to the result of analysis, it was found that the twenties group was near in slender somatotype, whereas the thirties group was near in fat somatotype compared to standard somatotype.

This paper is to introduce guidelines for standardization and document management. International standards such as ISO/IEC Guide 2, IEC 82045-1, ISO/IEC Guide 72 are considered. This study is to discuss standardization and related activities, and principles and methods for document management, and guidelines for the justification and development of management system standards.

It is an hot issue to reduce vibration for improving quality, reliability and safety in railway vehicles including magnetic levitation, monorail way, surface car etc. This paper aims at literature survey in rolling stocks vibration standards. Firstly, we investigate literature concerned vibration test standards and compare these standards. Secondly, we give some suggestions for future study and developing new test standards.

세계는 지금 경제 전쟁이 진행 중이다. 그 한가 운데에 정보통신산업이 있다. 한편, 정보통신산업 은 그 기기 및 서비스간 호환성 및 상호운용성 (Interoperability)을 생명으로 한다. 여기에 정보통 신 표준화의 중요성이 있다. 일반적으로 정보통신표준(Standard)이라 함은 통신망으로 연결되어 있는 각종 정보시스템이 다 양한 형태의 정보통신 서비스를 제공하거나 이용 하는 데 있어 필요한 통신 주체간에 합의된 규약 (protocol)과 이러한 규약의 집합을 의미하며, 이러 한 표준을 만드는 과정을 표준화(Standardization) 라고 한다. 한편, 1995년 WTO 체제가 출범하면서, 미국 등 선진국은 자국 산업을 보호하기 위하여 공식표 준화 활동에 박차를 가하고 FTA 체결 등 다양한 통상협상을 통하여 각국의 표준화 활동에 간섭하 고 있다. 이처럼 표준화의 중요성이 인식되면서, 표 준을 장악한 자는 모든 것을 얻는다(Winner takes all)고 한다. 바야흐로 현재는 전세계적으로 표준화 전쟁(Standards War)이 한창이다. 본 논문은 국내 정보통신 표준화 체계에 대하여 설명하고, 현재 정보통신 표준화를 둘러싼 국내외 법적􀓋제도적 쟁점에 대하여 소개하고자 한다.

Along with the increasing trade volume among Korea, China, and Japan, firm and efficient logistics management through mutual co-operation Is being highly requested. In order to achieve logistics efficiency, logistics standardization should precede. Using standardized pallet is the core of logistics standardization which is closely connected to the unit load system and palletization. This study focuses on pallet standardization in three countries which are Korea, China, and Japan. The dramatic effect from pallet standardization Is expected in economy / international trade field and logistics / environment field. This study suggests an institute of Asian logistics standardization as a method to accomplish the logistics standardization among three countries. When these three countries overcome the disparity in standardization level and diverse concerns, we will finally attain efficient logistics system which will work as a 'highway' of North-East Asian logistics.

The purpose of this study is to analyse injuries of consumer product and to propose an alternative standardization for the product safety based on results of the analysis related with consumer injury. Firstly, We categorized hazard factors according to industrial characteristics referred to current injury information in Korea. And secondly, we decided consumer injury index(CII) according to the results of current consumer injury. The consumer injury index is the concept of risky level, which was decided by probability and severity of injury. Lastly, we developed an alternative standardization for the product safety considering consumer injury index.

The purpose of study is finding out priority objects to standardize of a Logistics Information System (LIS) and indicating duties of government and companies. Fundamentally we desire the study to make the good use of basic data for building a national unification of logistics system. First we researched into standardization of LIS, looking for IT(Information Technology) concerned with LIS. We sought eleven assessment indexes out. By using AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process), analyzing technique, we looked for a priority object to these. To build a national unification of logistics system is impossible by only corporations' efforts. It must needs lots of collaborative efforts between central and local government. By means of whole study we can overcome great problem is making a priority of standardization to build a national unification of logistics system. Therefore we expect many companies to build LIS easily and also wish to progress quickly on logistics tasks.

A standardized ergonomics kit is suggested to evaluate and reduce musculoskeletal hazards that yield large socioeconomic burdens in the work system. This kit comprises basic and detailed analysis tools with proper tool selection rules. The basic tool includes a checklist for various risk factors to screen potentially hazardous jobs among manual works. Selective detailed analysis tools can then be applied to the screened job lists for more quantitative and precise evaluation. The tool selection rules are devised for using the basic and detailed analysis tools in a mutually supplemental way. To validate the standardized ergonomics kit, it was applied to evaluate jobs related to the musculoskeletal hazards in a paper-making industry. Among 101 manual jobs investigated, 44 potential hazardous jobs were screened during basic investigation phase and finally 16 hazardous jobs were identified by the detailed analysis phase. The result provided fairly promising ideas of ergonomic interventions for the hazardous jobs.